序贯试验法测定异丙酚诱导时的BIS50和ED50

目的 测定异丙酚诱导时半数病人入睡的BIS值（BIS50）和半数有效剂量（ED50）。方法 选择30例无服用精神和镇静催眠药物史、无术前用药的择期成年病人（ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级），以半数效量序贯方法进 丙酚诱导的睡眠观察实验，以对指令反应和睫毛反射消失为入睡指标，同时记录BIS的变化，对取得的数据以直线回归的方法和加权均数法求得异丙酚的BIS50和ED50。结果 异丙酚的BIS50和ED50分别是79.17(95%可信范围：72.08-88.55）和1.0192mg/kg（95％可信范围：0.94-1.148mg/kg）。结论 半数效果序贯实验方法简便、高效、结果可信，不仅适用于ED50的测定而且同样适用于BIS50的测定。     

咪唑安定与丙泊酚对脑电双频指数的影响

目的测定和比较咪唑安定与丙泊酚诱导时半数病人入睡时的脑电双频指数（BIS50）和半数有效量（ED50）。方法选择60例无服用精神药物和镇静催眠药物史、无术前用药的门诊手术病人（ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级），随机均分为咪唑安定组（M组）和丙泊酚组（P组），以半数效量序贯法分别进行咪唑安定与丙泊酚诱导的睡眠观察，以对语言指令和睫毛反射消失为入睡指标，同时记录BIS的变化。对取得的数据以直线回归的方法和加权均数法分别求得咪唑安定、丙泊酚的BIS50和ED50。结果咪唑安定诱导后，术峤病人与入睡病人的BIS值均较用药前的基础值明显下降，但下降幅度在两类病人之间差异无统计学意义，BISso和EDso分别为：77．02（95％可信区间为：71．08～85．86）和0．1237mg／kg（95％可信区间为：0．0990-0．1540mg／kg）。丙泊酚诱导时未睡病人的BIS值下降不明显，而入睡病人的BIS值显著下降，两者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。丙泊酚的BIS50和ED50分别是79．17（95％可信区间为：72．08～88．55）和1．0192mg／kg（95％可信区间为：0．9400～1．1480mg／kg）。结论咪唑安定和丙泊酚对BIS的影响有较大的差异。与丙泊酚比较，BIS值与咪唑安定催眠效果的相关性小于丙泊酚。     

序贯试验法测定异丙酚诱导时的BIS_(50)和ED_(50)

目的　测定异丙酚诱导时半数病人入睡的BIS值 (BIS50 )和半数有效剂量 (ED50 )。方法　选择 30例无服用精神和镇静催眠药物史、无术前用药的择期全麻手术成年病人 (ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ) ,以半数效量序贯方法进行异丙酚诱导的睡眠观察实验 ,以对指令反应和睫毛反射消失为入睡指标 ,同时记录BIS的变化 ,对取得的数据以直线回归的方法和加权均数法求得异丙酚的BIS50 和ED50 。结果　异丙酚的BIS50 和ED50 分别是 79 17(95 %可信范围 :72 0 8～ 88 5 5 )和 1 0 192mg/kg(95 %可信范围 :0 94～ 1 148mg/kg)。 结论　半数效量序贯实验方法简便、高效、结果可信 ,不仅适用于ED50 的测定而且同样适用于BIS50 的测定     

点斜法、序贯法测定全身麻醉诱导时依托咪酯催眠ED50的研究

目的测定全身麻醉诱导时依托咪酯催眠效应半数有效量(ED50),比较点斜法、序贯法测定ED50的利弊。方法25例择期手术病人(点斜法)随机分配到5个不同剂量组,麻醉诱导前给予不同剂量的依托咪酯。14例择期手术病人(序贯法)依次给予一定剂量的依托咪酯。监测给药前、给药后1、2、3、5min的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2等指标。病人对口令失去反应即进入催眠状态,两组均给药后2min开始评估。以点斜法、序贯法分别计算依托咪酯催眠效应ED50。结果点斜法测定的依托咪酯催眠效应ED50为0·112mg/kg(95%可信限0·094~0·134mg/kg);序贯法测定的为0·120mg/kg(95%可信限0·101~0·143mg/kg)。给药前与给药后1、2、3、5min的SBP、DBP、HR、SpO2等指标比较差异均有显著意义(P<0·05)。结论依托咪酯催眠效应ED50为0·112mg/kg(点斜法)或0·120mg/kg(序贯法)。两种方法均能用于测定ED50。     

氯胺酮和依托咪酯的BIS50及其对脑电双频指数的影响

目的 分别测定氯胺酮和依托咪酯诱导时半数患者入睡时的脑电双频指数(BIS)即BIS50和半数有效量(ED50)，比较他们对BIS的影响。方法 选择40例无服用精神药物和镇静催眠药、无术前用药的择期手术患者(ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级)，随机分为氯胺酮组(K组，n=20)和依托咪酯组(E组，n=20)，以半数效量序贯法分别进行氯胺酮和依托咪酯诱导的睡眠观察，以对语言指令不应和睫毛反射消失为入睡指标，同时记录BIS的变化。对取得的数据以直线回归的方法和加权均数法分别求得氯胺酮、依托咪酯的BIS50和ED50。结果 氯胺酮和依托咪酯诱导后，BIS明显下降(P=0.000983)，但两者各自BIS下降幅度在入睡与未睡患者之间没有明显差异(P=0.920501和0.956263)。氯胺酮的BIS50和ED50分别是78．81(95％可信区间67．27～97．10)和0.757mg／kg(95％可信区间0.535～1．071mg／kg)，依托咪酯的BIS50和ED50分别是60．00(95％可信区间49．74～76．95)和0.089mg，／kg(95％可信区间0.073～0.107mg／kg)。结论 氯胺酮和依托咪酯皆显著降低BIS，但仅凭BIS难以准确预计是否进入睡眠状态。     

腰麻下异丙酚对妇科手术病人意识抑制的ED50

异丙酚起效快、苏醒迅速、且醒后无精神症状,广泛用于临床各类手术的麻醉诱导、维持、ICU镇静及门诊麻醉。研究表明,椎管内应用局麻药可减少镇静药物的用量。本研究拟通过序贯试验法测定腰麻下异丙酚对妇科手术病人意识抑制的ED50,为临床应用异丙酚麻醉提供参考。资料与方法病例选择本组入选病例对本研究知情同意并经院伦理委员会批准。35例ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级拟在腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉下行子宫全切术或卵巢肿瘤切除术妇科病人,年龄28～53     

氟比洛芬酯抑制瑞芬太尼致患者术后痛觉过敏的药效学研究

目的探讨氟比洛芬酯（凯芬）抑制瑞芬太尼致患者术后痛觉过敏反应的量效关系。方法选择我院2010年1至6月期间,择期全麻下腹部大手术患者50例,静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼、丙泊酚和顺阿曲库铵麻醉诱导后,气管插管后行静脉麻醉。术中静脉输注0．25μg·kg^-1·min^-1瑞芬太尼和3～4mg·kg^-1．h^-1丙泊酚,间断静脉注射顺阿曲库铵维持麻醉。麻醉诱导后,采用序贯法静脉注射氟比洛芬酯,初始剂量为1mg／kg,相邻梯度为0．2mg／kg。采用概率单位分析法计算氟比洛芬酯抑制瑞芬太尼术后痛觉过敏的量效关系：半数有效剂量（ED50）、95％有效剂量（ED95）及其95％可信区间。结果氟比洛芬酯抑制瑞芬太尼致患者术后痛觉过敏的ED50为1．40（95％CI=I．13～1．61）mg／kg,ED95为2．21（95％CI=I．89～3．33）mg／kg。结论氟比洛芬酯抑制瑞芬太尼致术后痛觉过敏的ED50和ED95分别为1．40mg／kg和2．21mg／kg。     

硬膜外阻滞的镇静作用及其可能机制

目的 通过监测脑电双频指数和心率变异功率谱,评价硬膜外麻醉后对异丙酚镇静催眠剂量的影响,并探讨其可能的机制。方法 50例行全子宫切除病人,随机分为硬膜外利多卡因组（GE,n=15）;硬膜外盐水-静脉利多卡因组（GI=15）;硬膜外盐水-静脉盐水组（GC=20）。硬膜外或静脉给利多卡因 20 min后,连续输注异丙酚至神志消失并记录异丙酚用量。所有病人同时监测脑电双频谱（BIS）、心率变异高频功率谱（HF）、低频功率谱（LF）、心电图和血压。输注异丙酚前抽取桡动脉血 2ml,测定血浆利多卡因浓度。结果 病人意识消失时异丙酚用量分别为GE组（1.22±0.25）mg/kg;GI组（1.62±0.22）mg/kg;GC组（1.85±0.41）mg/kg（GE与GI和GC比,P<0.05）。GE组和 GI组血浆利多卡因浓度分别为 3.04 μg/ml和 2.45 μg/ml,无统计学差异。三组病人意识消失时BIS平均值分别为54.4、57.1、55.3。结论 硬膜外利多卡因阻滞可降低异丙酚用量约35％。其作用机制与利多卡因自硬膜外吸收后的中枢镇静作用无明显关系,而可能与硬膜外阻滞后间接引起中枢兴奋阈值降低有关。     

腹腔镜手术病人咪达唑仑-芬太尼-异丙酚麻醉诱导的优化配伍方案

目的 采用权重配方法探讨腹腔镜手术病人咪达唑仑、芬太尼、异丙酚复合麻醉诱导的优化配伍方案。方法选择ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级择期腹腔镜手术病人60例，男34例，女26例，年龄31～55岁。诱导药物的低效量和足量分别确定为咪达唑仑0．02、0．06mg／kg，芬太尼2、6μg／kg，异丙酚0．5、1．5mg／kg。根据权重配方法，将病人随机分配至3种药物不同剂量组合的6个配伍组（n=10）。连续监测脑电双频谱指数（BIS）、心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、脉搏血氧饱和度（SpO2）。各组依次静脉注射相应剂量咪达唑仑、芬太尼、异丙酚和罗库溴铵0．6mg／kg行麻醉诱导和气管插管。记录诱导前即刻、异丙酚注入后1、2min、插管即刻、插管后1、3、5、7min的BIS、MAP及HR。按权重配方法的剂量优化原则评判复合药效，分析各组份药的重要程度及相互作用的性质。结果以BIS为评价指标，当咪达唑仑0．06mg／kg、芬太尼5μg／ks、异丙酚1．0mg／kg配伍时，异丙酚为主药，异丙酚与咪达唑仑和芬太。尼具有相加性作用；以MAP为评价指标，当咪达唑仑0．06mg／kg、芬太尼5μg，kg、异丙酚1．5mg／kg配伍时，异丙酚为主药，异丙酚与咪达唑仑具有协同性作用，异丙酚与芬太尼具有相加性作用；以HR为评价指标，当咪达唑仑0．06mg／kg、芬太尼5μg／kg、异丙酚1．0mg／kg配伍时，芬太尼为主药，异丙酚与咪达唑仑和芬太尼具有协同性作用。结论腹腔镜手术病人咪达唑仑、芬太尼、异丙酚复合麻醉诱导在维持镇静方面为相加作用，在维持血液动力学稳定方面为协同作用；优化配伍方案为咪达唑仑0．06mg／kg、芬太尼5μg／kg、异丙酚1．5mg／kg。     

全身麻醉诱导时咪唑安定与氯胺酮催眠相互作用的研究

目的 以等辐射分析法研究全身麻醉诱导时咪唑安定与氯胺酮之间催眠相互作用.方法 将90例择期上腹部手术患者随机分为:咪唑安定组(M组)、氯胺酮组(K组)、咪唑安定与氯胺酮复合组(C组),每组30例.麻醉诱导前各组以序贯方式给予不同剂量的咪唑安定、氯胺酮及两药复合药物(咪唑安定与氯胺酮剂量的数值比为1:10),给药2 min后开始催眠末点评估,患者对言语指令失去反应即进入催眠末点,对已进入催眠状态的患者进行麻醉末点评估,以序贯法测定三组催眠、麻醉末点半数有效剂量(ED50),以等辐射分析法分析两者之间催眠、麻醉相互作用.结果 在催眠末点:M组ED50为0.18 mg/kg(95%CI 0.09～0.31 mg/kg);K组ED50为0.50 nag/kg(95%CI 0.38～0.61 mg/kg);C组ED50为0.038/0.38 mg/kg(95%CI 0.024/0.24～0.073/0.73mg/kg),在催眠末点,C组ED50偏离相加线无统计学意义.结论 经等辐射分析法证实,咪唑安定与氯胺酮催眠效应上呈现相加作用.     

不同硬膜外阻滞对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响

目的 评价不同硬膜外阻滞对患者异丙酚镇静效应的影响.方法 择期行肠癌根治术患者30例和胃癌根治术患者15例,年龄20～64岁,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法,将肠癌根治术患者随机分为2组(n=15):生理盐水对照组(Ⅰ组)和腰段硬膜外阻滞组(Ⅱ组);胃癌根治术患者为胸段硬膜外阻滞组(Ⅲ组).Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组于L2.3间隙行硬膜外穿刺置管,Ⅲ组于L9.10间隙行硬膜外穿刺置管,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组硬膜外注射1.5％利多卡因15 ml(包括试验量3 ml);Ⅰ组给予等容量生理盐水.于硬膜外给药后12 min时TCI异丙酚,血浆靶浓度4μg/ml.于输注异丙酚前记录硬膜外阻滞范围(阻滞脊神经数);分别于输注异丙酚2、3、4、5min时采集动脉血样,测定血浆异丙酚浓度,同时记录各时间点TCI泵计算的异丙酚血浆浓度和BIS值.结果 与Ⅰ组比较,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组BIS值降低(P＜0.05),血浆异丙酚浓度和异丙酚血浆计算浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与Ⅱ组比较,Ⅲ组BIS值降低,硬膜外阻滞范围较广(P＜0.05),血浆异丙酚浓度和异丙酚血浆计算浓度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 胸段硬膜外阻滞强化患者异丙酚镇静效应的程度高于腰段硬膜外阻滞.     

A case of awareness during propofol anesthesia using bispectral index as an indicator of hypnotic effect

A 77-year old, woman weighing 44 kg with mild liver dysfunction underwent lower abdominal surgery. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 60 mg and fentanyl 0.1 mg. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 8 mg, and the lungs were ventilated with 33% oxygen in air. The bispectral index (BIS) was continuously monitored. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol infusion and analgesia was provided by thoracic epidural infusion of lidocaine 1.5%. The infusion rate of propofol was altered to maintain the BIS value between 40 and 50. The patient was hemodynamically stable with propofol 1.5 mg.kg-1.hr-1 and the BIS value was maintained about 40 during the operation. Near the end of the operation the patient moved suddenly. Suspecting inadequate anesthesia, a total of 40 mg of propofol i.v. and 5 ml of the epidural infusion were given. Immediately before the movement the BIS value was about 40. The operation was completed 30 min later. On discharge from the operating room the patient declared that she had been awake. She had heard voices and felt the surgeon working, but had suffered no pain. The BIS is a useful indicator for hypnotic effect, but this case demonstrates that awareness might occur even when BIS value indicates adequate hypnotic state.     

Efficacy of bispectral index for anesthetic management of combined off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and abdominal aortic aneurysm replacement]

A 57-year-old female patient underwent combined off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and abdominal aortic aneurysm replacement. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol, fentanyl, and thoracic epidural anesthesia. Propofol doses were adjusted to maintain bispectral index (BIS) between 40-60. Despite the remarkable hemodynamic changes, BIS remained stable at about 50 during the surgery. The average dose of propofol was 3.3 mg.kg-1.hr-1. The patient awoke an hour after the surgery and was extubated 1.5 hours thereafter. This case report suggests that BIS is a useful index to determine the depth of anesthesia during surgeries which induce marked hemodynamic changes.     

氯胺酮抑制瑞芬太尼致患者术后痛觉过敏的量效关系

目的 确定氯胺酮抑制瑞芬太尼致患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后痛觉过敏的量效关系.方法 择期全麻下腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者15例,年龄40～60岁,体重45～80 kg,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,静脉注射咪达唑仑、芬太尼、阿曲库铵和异丙酚麻醉诱导后,气管插管行机械通气.术中静脉输注瑞芬太尼和异丙酚,间断静脉注射阿曲库铵维持麻醉.麻醉诱导后,采用序贯法静脉注射氯胺酮,初始剂量为0.8 mg/kg,相邻剂量比为2,采用概率单位法计算患者术后痛觉过敏抑制时(气管拔管后10 min时VAS评分<4分)氯胺酮的半数有效剂量(ED_(50))、95%有效剂量(ED_(95))及其95%可信区间.结果 氯胺酮抑制瑞芬太尼术后痛觉过敏的ED_(50)(95%可信区间)为0.23(0.12～0.35)mg/kg,ED_(95)(95%可信区间)为0.62(0.51～0.68)mg/kg.结论 氯胺酮抑制瑞芬太尼致患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术后痛觉过敏的ED_(50)和ED_(95)分别为0.23、0.62 mg/kg.     

The effect of epidural bupivacaine on induction and maintenance doses of propofol (evaluated by bispectral index) and maintenance doses of fentanyl and vecuronium

The growing interest in combining local and general anesthesia has led to studies investigating possible interactions between general anesthesia and local anesthetics administered via spinal, epidural, IV, or IM routes. However, no study has evaluated the effect of local anesthetics on all three components of balanced anesthesia, i.e., hypnosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we investigated the effect of epidural bupivacaine on the dose requirement of propofol (as evaluated by using the bispectral index [BIS]), fentanyl, and vecuronium for general anesthesia. This study consisted of 30 adults, ASA physical status I and II, undergoing Whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary carcinoma lasting >4 h. An epidural catheter was placed between T9-10. Depending on the group allocation, 10 mL of the study drug was administered as a bolus followed by an infusion at 6 mL/h via the epidural catheter. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 15 each. Patients in the control group received epidural normal saline whereas those in the bupivacaine group received epidural bupivacaine 0.1%. Induction of anesthesia was performed with IV fentanyl 2 mug/kg and propofol titrated to achieve BIS between 40-50. Endotracheal intubation was facilitated by the IV administration of vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg and patient's lungs were ventilated with 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. After intubation, infusion of propofol 1% was titrated to maintain BIS between 40-50. Inadequate analgesia was defined as an increase in systolic blood pressure and/or heart rate by >20% of baseline values in response to surgical stimulus and was treated with bolus fentanyl 0.5 mug/kg. Neuromuscular monitoring was used to assess the need for additional doses of vecuronium. Data were analyzed by using the Student's t-test and P 相似文献   

胸段硬膜外阻滞对老年胸科手术患者苏醒期躁动的影响

目的 观察胸段硬膜外阻滞对老年患者行胸科手术时全麻苏醒期躁动(emergence agitation,EA)的影响.方法 择期行胸科手术的老年患者40例,ASA Ⅱ～Ⅲ级.其中男23例,女17例,年龄65岁～78岁,均为食道癌和肺癌患者.将40例患者用完全随机法分为两组(每组20例),分别给予全麻复合硬膜外麻醉(A组)...     

Haemodynamic effects of induction of general anaesthesia with propofol during epidural anaesthesia

PURPOSE: To clarify whether propofol administration during thoracic or lumbar epidural anaesthesia intensifies the haemodynamic depression associated with epidural anaesthesia. METHODS: Patients (n = 45) undergoing procedures of similar magnitude were randomly divided into three study groups: a control group (n = 15) receiving general anaesthesia alone and two study groups undergoing thoracic (n = 15) and lumbar epidural anaesthesia (n = 15) before induction of general anaesthesia. All patients received 2 mg.kg-1 propofol at a rate of 200 mg.min-1, followed by a continuous infusion of 4 mg.kg-1.hr-1. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline, three minutes after induction, and one minute after tracheal intubation in all three groups and at 20 min after epidural anaesthesia was established in the thoracic and lumbar groups. RESULTS: Following epidural anaesthesia, MAP decreased from 94 +/- 14 (SD) at baseline to 75 +/- 11 mmHg (P < 0.0001) in the thoracic group and from 92 +/- 12 to 83 +/- 15 mmHg in the lumbar group. After propofol administration, MAP decreased further in the thoracic group to 63 +/- 9 mmHg (P = 0.0077) and to 67 +/- 10 mmHg (P = 0.0076) in the lumbar group. The MAP following propofol induction in the thoracic group (P < 0.0001) and in the lumbar group (P = 0.0001) was lower than MAP in the control group (81 +/- 9 mmHg). HR decreased only in response to thoracic epidural anaesthesia (P = 0.0066). CONCLUSION: The hypotensive effects of propofol are additive to those of epidural anaesthesia, resulting in a profound decrease in mean arterial pressure.     

浅麻醉状态下罗库溴铵与维库溴铵对脑电双频谱指数和脑状态指数的影响

目的 在异丙酚效应室靶浓度2.5 μg/ml维持的浅麻醉状态下,比较静脉注射罗库溴铵与维库溴铵对脑电双频谱指数(BIS)和脑状态指数(CSI)的影响.方法 择期全麻下手术患者30例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄20～55岁,体重50～0 kg,采用靶控输注异丙酚(效应室靶浓度4.0μg/ml)联合口咽部表面麻醉,置入喉罩,机械通气,然后将异丙酚效应室靶浓度调整为2.5 μg/ml,达到靶浓度后稳定加min(期间对TOF-Guard肌松监测仪进行定标),随机分为3组(n=10):对照组(C组)静脉注射生理盐水5 ml;罗库溴铵组(R组)和维库溴铵组(v组)分别静脉注射2倍ED_(95)剂量的罗库溴铵(0.6 mg/kg)和维库溴铵(1 mg/kg),待TOF的第1个肌颤搐恢复到10%时停止试验.于给药即刻(T_1)、BIS和CSI降到最低值(T_2)、试验结束时(T_3)记录BIS和CSI.记录罗库溴铵或维库溴铵的肌松起效时间,给肌松药结束至BIS和CSI降到最低值的时间.结果 C组各时点BIS和CSI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T_1时比较,R组和V组T_2时BIS和CSI降低(P<0.05),T_3时BIS和CSI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与T_2时比较,R组和V组L时BIS和CSI升高(P<0.05);与R组比较,v组起效时间及BIS和CSI降到最低值的时间延长(P<0.05).结论 浅麻醉状态下,静脉注射2倍ED_(95)剂量的罗库溴铵与维库溴铵后,BIS和CSI均出现先下降再回升的变化,且罗库溴铵对BIS和CSI发挥最大抑制效应的时间较维库溴铵缩短.