冠状动脉造影正常的老年高血压患者负荷试验的分析

目的　探讨老年高血压患者冠状动脉储备功能 (CFR)。方法　冠状动脉造影正常的高血压患者 76例 ,无左心室肥厚 (LVH) 32例 (Ⅰ组 ) ,合并LVH44例 (Ⅱ组 ) ,正常对照组 2 6例 (Ⅲ组 )。三组受检者分别行静态、运动心肌核素断层显像及心电图潘生丁负荷试验。结果　心肌核素显像 :Ⅰ组运动后单光子发射型计算机断层仪 (ECT)呈缺血性改变 3例 (9.4% ) ,Ⅱ组运动后ECT呈缺血性改变 11例 (2 5 .0 % ) ,有反向再充填现象 2例 (4.5 % ,P <0 .0 5 )。心电图潘生丁试验 :Ⅰ组阳性 1例 (3.1% ) ,可疑阳性 3例 (9.4% ) ;Ⅱ组阳性 7例 (15 .9% ) ,可疑阳性 9例(2 0 .5 % ,P<0 .0 5 )。心电图潘生丁试验阳性或可疑阳性伴ECT缺血性改变 :Ⅰ组 :无 ;Ⅱ组 8例 (18.2 % ,P <0 .0 1)。正常对照组心肌核素显像及潘生丁试验均无异常。结论　高血压患者存在不同程度CFR下降 ,合并LVH尤为明显 ,其原因可能与冠状动脉微循环结构及功能异常有关。     

潘生丁负荷试验及潘生丁负荷SPECT核素心肌显像诊断隐性冠心病对比

目的：论证SPECT心肌显像对早期冠心病的诊断价值。方法：作按照可疑冠心病的诊断标准共选择159例，并随机将其分为试验组（潘生丁负荷SPECT核素心肌显像组）及对照组（潘生丁负荷试验组），结果：表明两种试验对隐性冠心病有较高的诊断价值。试验组对肥胖，。大胸腔，慢性阻塞性肺疾病，胸廓畸形等心电图检查有困难更显示出其优越性。     

潘生丁、~(99m)Tc-MIBI心肌断层显像对原发性高血压心肌供血诊断的评价

对24例原发性高血压病人和6例正常人进行潘生丁、99mTC－MIBI心肌断层显像研究。发现高血压左室肥厚组心肌灌注异常率明显超过心电图左室肥厚伴劳损、平板运动试验阳性、动态心电图心肌缺血者；高血压左室肥厚患者静息状态心肌各节段灌注异常占64．3％～85．7％，而无肥厚患者为0～10．0％，证实左室肥厚更会诱致心肌缺血。     

心肌灌注核素显像、平板运动心电图及动态心电图在冠心病中的意义

目的：探讨心肌灌注核素显像（ECT）,平板运动心电图（TET）及动态心电图（DEG）对冠心病的诊断价值。方法：以冠状动脉造影为冠心病诊断的金标准,对80例冠心病患同步进行ECT,TET及DEG,并作对比分析,结果：ECT的阳性率（91．3％）明显高于TET（77．5％）,DEG（62．5％）,TET的阳性率明显高于DEG,而DEG的特异性（86．5％）,明显高于TET能较好地反映心肌缺血的程度和部位,DEG有较高的特异性。     

铊^201单光子发射计算机断层心肌显像对隐匿性冠心病预后判断的价值

目的探讨心肌潘生丁负荷／再分布铊（T1）^201单光子发射计算机断层显像（single photon emission computed tomography，SPECT）法评价隐匿性冠心病预后的可行性。方法入选1998至2005年期间94例无任何症状但运动平板试验反复阳性的飞行人员，根据SPECT心肌显像结果分为检查结果阳性组及阴性组，阳性组中根据心肌缺血累及范围又分为单个节段受累亚组、2个节段受累亚组和2个以上节段受累亚组，平均随访4．5年，比较组间的主要心血管事件（major adverse cardiovascular events，MACE）发生率。结果随访过程中，阳性组与阴性组的MACE分别为30％与7％，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。2个以上节段受累亚组组MACE发生率（100％）明显高于单个节段受累亚组（24％）、2个节段受累亚组（22％）及阴性组（7％），P均〈0．05。结论潘生丁负荷心肌T1^201-SPECT显像有助于隐匿性冠心病预后判断，从而指导临床早期干预治疗。     

不同剂量潘生丁心电图负荷试验诊断冠心病的临床评价

目的 :比较大剂量与普通剂量潘生丁心电图负荷试验诊断冠心病的价值。方法 :冠心病患者 94例分为 2组（各 47例 ） ,分别采用大剂量 （0 .85 m g/ kg）和普通剂量 （0 .75 mg/ kg）潘生丁进行了潘生丁心电图负荷试验。结果 :1大剂量组 :阳性 38例 （80 .9% ） ,副反应 2 9例 （6 1.7% ） ;2普通剂量组 :总阳性 43例 （91.5 % ） ,其中症状阳性 39例 （83.0 % ） ,ECG阳性 37例 （78.7% ） ,副反应 2 1例 （5 5 .3% ）。两组阳性符合率和副反应发生率 ,均无显著差异 （P>0 .0 5 ）。结论 :潘生丁心电图负荷试验中潘生丁的剂量超过 0 .75 mg/ kg无益。     

潘生丁ECT显像诊断冠心病的价值

冠脉造影有创伤性 ,设备要求较高及技术含量高 ,限制了它的普及开展。运动负荷核素心肌显像是传统的无创检测冠心病的方法 ,许多疾病因不能胜任运动试验 ,需潘生丁来代替运动负荷 ,ECT是一种三维显像技术 ,可以清楚显示心脏的各个阶段。为此 ,我们对潘生丁结合 ECT心肌显像 ,诊断冠心病的价值及安全性进行了分析和总结。1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 1996 - 0 1～ 1997- 0 7,2 3例拟诊为冠心病的患者进入 ECT试验。男 2 8例 ,女 4例 ,年龄 45～ 72岁 ,平均 5 2±3岁 ;其中高血压病 3例 ,糖尿病 2例 ,心肌梗死后 4例 ,除 2例仍服用 β阻滞剂…     

~（99m）Tc－MIBI心肌断层显像双嘧达莫试验诊断冠心病的临床价值

１４例正常人和１１４例冠心病患者接受了９９ｍ锝─甲氧基异丁基异腈（９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ）心肌断层显像双嘧达莫（潘生丁）试验。其中心绞痛８６例，心肌梗塞２８例。结果表明，９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＩＢＩ双嘧达莫试验诊断冠心病的灵敏度为９２．７％，特异性为８５．７％，准确性为９１．４％。此种试验与静息心肌显像对照分析，更全面更准确；与其它检查对比分析，认为心肌断层显像双嘧达莫敏感性高于２４小时心电图监测、超声心动图及心电图。     

病毒性心肌炎CBV—lgM抗体与心功能的研究

目的：探讨病毒性心肌炎（VM）患血清CBV－lgM抗体与左室总射血分值（EF）值及峰射血率（PER）,峰充血率（PFR）的关系,以及心肌显像与心肌各局部EF值的关系。方法：对120例心肌炎患以ELISA法测CBV-lgM抗体,用^99mTc-MIBI心肌显像对其中37例行核素心室造影,测左室总体EF值及局部EF值,并测其PER和PFR;设正常对照40例。结果：（1）：CBV－lgM抗体阳性120例中有VM85例（70．83％）,对照组仅2例（5％）,P＜0．01,（2）^99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像异常120例中有VM105例（87．5％）,对照组仅1例（2．5％）,P＜0．01;（3）CBV－lgM抗体阳性与^99mTc-MIBI心肌显像VM异常符合率为78．95％;（4）CBV－lgM抗体阳性中37例核素心室造影测得左室总EF降低21例（56．7％）;（5）节段性EF值降低33例（89．19％）;（6）PER,PFR降低20例（54．05％）;（7）心肌显像异常与EF降低符合率89．19％;（8）37例核素心室造影测定;PER降低22例（59．46％）,PFR降低21例（56．7％）;（9）各节段EF降低;侧壁（LAT）12例（33．43％）,下壁（INF）15例（40．54％）,心尖部（AP）12例（33．43％）,下间隔（IN－SEP）24例（64．86％）,室间隔（SEP）31例（83．78％）,结论：病毒性心肌炎患血清CBV－lgM抗体水平与心肌显像和心功能有良好的相关性,有助于该病的诊断和预后判断。     

149例核素心肌灌注SPECT与冠状动脉造影对照的研究

目的运动-静态核素心肌灌注影像对冠心病诊断灵敏度、特异性和准确性评价。方法149例核素心肌血流灌注显像，123例运动-静态心肌显像，（99mTc－MIBI103例，201TI20例），26例心肌梗塞者仅静态99mTc－MIBI心肌显像，采用运动-静态心肌断层影像定性分析和Bulls－eye定量分析，以双盲法回顾性病例分析，与冠状动脉造影结果对照。结果核素心肌灌注显像对冠心病诊断灵敏度90．l％，特异性82．3％，准确性86．5％，阳性预测率85．8％，阴性预测率87．5％，假阳性率17．6％，假阴性率9．8％；单支、双支、三支血管病变心肌显像灵敏度分别为94．5％、85．0％、87．5％；冠状动脉血管狭窄50％-75组与>75%，心肌灌注缺血组之间显著性差异（t=6．35，P＜0．05）。结论运动-静态核素心肌灌注显像是灵敏和准确的评价局部心肌血供和活体心肌功能影像检查方法。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.