立体定向脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病

目的探讨立体定向脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病的手术方法和效果。方法对20例具有双侧症状的中晚期帕金森患者行双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗。术中采用立体定向技术结合1.5T磁共振扫描及微电极记录技术进行靶点精准定位植入电极,术后采用统一帕金森病评分量表(UPDRS)运动评分评价刺激效果。结果术后随访6个月5年,平均3年,神经刺激器工作时,患者运动评分明显改善。肢体异动2例,脑出血1例。无明显的永久并发症和副作用。结论立体定向脑深部电刺激术的安全性较高,可明显改善帕金森病患者的运动功能。     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激对帕金森病抑郁障碍的影响

目的探讨丘脑底核脑深部电刺激对帕金森病病人抑郁障碍的疗效及其机制。方法回顾性分析21例帕金森病合并抑郁障碍病人的临床资料,均行丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术,术前及术后3、6个月分别应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分和统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)运动评分对抑郁障碍和运动功能进行临床评价并分析其相关性。结果术后UPDRS运动评分和HAMD评分均显著下降(均P0.05),但是抑郁症状的改善与运动功能的改善并没有明显的相关性(P0.05)。结论丘脑底核脑深部电刺激能够明显改善帕金森病病人的抑郁症状,其机制可能与丘脑底核受到刺激影响脑内神经递质的变化有关,术后运动功能的改善不是抑郁症状改善的主要原因。     

脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病的程控

目的探讨丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病(PD)的手术方法和脉冲发生器程控调节。方法自2000年1月～2004年2月用脑深部电刺激丘脑底核(STN)治疗帕金森病61例,其中单侧30例,双侧31例。采用磁共振扫描结合微电极记录技术进行靶点定位。术后用帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)运动评分评价刺激效果。结果61例PD患者术后随访6～36个月,平均11．3个月。脉冲发生器开启时,在“关”状态下,UPDRS运动评分改善率45．2％;在“开”状态下,UPDRS运动评分改善率20．7％,未发现任何并发症。结论脑深部刺激(DBS)能有效控制帕金森病患者的症状,手术并发症少,术后可根据患者的症状调节参数,丘脑底核(STN)已成为治疗帕金森病的最佳靶点。     

深部脑刺激电极埋置术治疗帕金森病4例报告

目的：探讨深部脑刺激电极埋置术治疗帕金森病的治疗效果。方法：使用微电极导向立体定向技术,在丘脑底核埋置深部电极,通过可控性电刺激治疗帕金森病的僵硬-震颤症状,结果：电刺激治疗帕金森病能有效控制患者的僵硬-震颤症状,能消除由药物引起的开-关现象和症状波动,服用的L-DOPA类药物可一定程度的减量,术中及术后无明显的并发症,结论：STN放置深部脑刺激电极,通过适当强度的电刺激,能使症状明显改善,并发症少,与损毁术相比相对安全,价格较昂贵。     

帕金森病脑深部电极植入术后程控参数与疗效相关性研究

目的分析丘脑底核-脑深部电刺激术(STN-DBS)治疗帕金森病的术后程控参数及效果,为帕金森病STN-DBS术后程控及术后管理提供参考。方法纳入2012~2018年就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院87例患者,应用UPDRS-Ⅲ评分UPDRS-II日常生活活动评分UPDRS-I精神行为情绪评分量表MMSE简易精神量表PDQ-39生活质量评分量表分析手术前后帕金森病患者运动及非运动症状改善情况,评估程控参数的设置对帕金森病人症状改善及生活质量改善作用。结果帕金森病患者与术前相比,患者术后UPDRSⅠ评分UPDRSⅠⅡ评分UPDRSⅢ评分UPDRSⅣ评分改善明显,手术后随访至今,患者症状改善稳定,生活质量明显提高。结论 STN-DBS是一种安全,有效治疗帕金森病的方法,并减少药物的剂量及药物所致副作用,术后程控是脑深部电极植入器治疗的重要一环。     

帕金森病丘脑底核脑深部刺激术治疗——如何提高疗效降低并发症

目的 总结帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)脑深部刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)治疗,以进一步提高疗效,降低手术并发症.方法 自2000年至2006年应用DBS治疗PD126例,其中单侧丘脑底核刺激70例,双侧丘脑底核刺激56例.结果 术后随访1～5年,平均1.7年.脉冲发生器开启时,在"关"状态下,帕金森病评定量表(unified parkinson's disease rating scale, UPDRS)运动症状评分改善率61.0%,在"开"状态下,UPDRS运动症状评分改善率24.2%.手术并发症主要有脉冲发生器植入处皮下感染1例,脉冲发生器皮下积液3例,头部刺激电极和皮下导线连接处皮肤破溃1例.二次手术调整刺激电极深度2例.没有发生永久性并发症.结论 合理选择适应证、规范手术操作和术中影像学验证是提高DBS疗效,降低并发症的关键.     

丘脑底核电刺激治疗帕金森病的临床应用

目的探讨脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病的手术方法和脉冲发生器程控调节。方法自2000年1月至2005年10月用脑深部电刺激丘脑底核治疗帕金森病126例,其中单侧46例,双侧80例。采用磁共振扫描结合微电极记录技术进行靶点定位。术后用UPDRS运动评分评价刺激效果。结果82例帕金森病患者术后随访6～60个月,平均11.8个月。脉冲发生器开启时,在“关”状态下,UPDRS运动评分改善率45.2%;在“开”状态下,UPDRS运动评分改善率25.7%,未发现任何并发症。结论脑深部电刺激丘脑底核能有效控制帕金森病患者的症状,手术并发症少,术后可根据患者的症状调节参数。     

帕金森病丘脑底核深部脑刺激术后参数的调整

目的 探讨帕金森病丘脑底核深部脑刺激(DBS)术后脉冲发生器的参数调整.方法 回顾性分析117例帕金森病病人的临床资料,均行丘脑底核DBS,单侧电极植入45例,双侧电极植入72例;并记录术后刺激参数的调整.结果 刺激参数:双极刺激电压1-4 V,单极刺激电压1-3.6 V;脉宽60-90 μs;频率130 Hz.统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)运动评分的改善率,双侧刺激较单侧刺激明显(P<0.05).治疗后1-6个月,抗帕金森药物用量减少78例(66.7%),维持术前水平39例(33.3%).结论 帕金森病丘脑底核DBS术后采用适当刺激参数可获得安全、可靠的疗效;电压调整对帕金森症状控制作用明显,脉宽及频率调整相对较少;双侧刺激效果优于单侧.     

运动障碍性疾病外科治疗(摘要)

丘脑底核高频刺激治疗帕金森病凌至培　汪业汉　牛朝诗　凌士营　姜晓峰喻　廉　李光群　孙华明摘要 :见本刊第一页作者单位 :2 3 0 0 0 1　安徽省立医院 ,安徽省立体定向神经外科研究所深部脑刺激电极埋置术治疗帕金森病(4例报告 )徐　强　徐如祥　张世忠　张旺明摘要 :见本刊 140页作者单位 :5 10 2 82　广州　第一军医大学珠江医院神经外科丘脑底核脑深部刺激电极植入术治疗帕金森病周晓平　姜秀峰　胡小吾　王来兴　徐波涛摘要　目的 :采用丘脑底核脑深部刺激电极植入手术治疗帕金森病。方法 :局麻下安装ＣＲＷ -ＦＮ立体定向头架后 ,以…     

帕金森病脑深部刺激治疗对认知和抑郁状态影响的队列研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)丘脑底核(STN)脑深部刺激治疗(DBS)对认知和抑郁状态的影响。方法连续的27例PD患者接受丘脑底核脑深部刺激治疗(STN-DBS)手术治疗,术前1周及术后6个月对认知和抑郁状态进行评估。结果术后6个月认知功能与术前认知、运动症状改善程度正相关。术后抑郁评分的改善程度与术前抑郁评分和运动症状改善程度正相关。结论在严格筛选手术适应证的前提下,STN-DBS可能对部分患者的认知功能有改善作用,并且不加重抑郁状态。     

Disease progression continues in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease and effective subthalamic nucleus stimulation

OBJECTIVES: Glutamate mediated excitotoxicity of the hyperactive subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been reported to contribute to nigral degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation of the STN (STN DBS), in its role as a highly effective treatment of severe PD motor complications, has been thought to inhibit STN hyperactivity and therefore decrease progression of PD. METHODS: In a prospective two centre study, disease progression was determined by means of serial (18)F-fluorodopa (F-dopa) positron emission tomography (PET) in 30 patients with successful STN DBS over the first 16 (SD 6) months after surgery. RESULTS: Depending on the method of PET data analysis used in the two centres, annual progression rates relative to baseline were 9.5-12.4% in the caudate and 10.7-12.9% in the putamen. CONCLUSIONS: This functional imaging study is the first to demonstrate a continuous decline of dopaminergic function in patients with advanced PD under clinically effective bilateral STN stimulation. The rates of progression in patients with STN DBS were within the range of previously reported data from longitudinal imaging studies in PD. Therefore this study could not confirm the neuroprotective properties of DBS in the STN target.     

脑深部电刺激对帕金森病二次手术的临床应用价值

目的探讨帕金森病(Parkinson'sdisease,PD)毁损术后再行脑深部电刺激术(deepbrainstimulation,DBS)的可行性、靶点选择、术中电生理学特点和治疗结果。方法应用MRI和微电极记录技术进行靶点定位,对13例毁损术后的PD患者行DBS手术,其中7例曾行单侧苍白球毁损术(posteroventralpallidotomy,PVP),5例曾行单侧丘脑毁损术,1例曾行双侧丘脑及左侧苍白球毁损术。DBS的靶点包括单侧丘脑底核(subthalamicnucleus,STN)6例,单侧丘脑腹中间核(ventralintermediatnucleus,Vim)1例,双侧STN4例,一侧STN及对侧苍白球(globuspallidusinternus,Gpi)2例。结果DBS对毁损术后的PD患者症状有不同程度的改善,其中单侧毁损术后行双侧DBS效果最明显。术后3个月的UPDRS运动及ADL评分较术前明显减少(P<0.05或0.01),美多巴的用量明显减少(P<0.05),无新的手术合并症。结论曾行毁损术的PD患者如面临二次手术,可以选择DBS手术,以双侧STN的DBS效果最好,并可减少药物用量,不加重原有的术后并发症。     

双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病

目的 应用双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激（DBS）治疗难治性帕金森病（PD），并对其疗效作出评价。方法 对7例帕金森病患者采用磁共振导向立体定向及术中电生理验证方法，将刺激电极分别植入丘脑底核，采用同期或分期植入刺激发生器。术后1周用程控计算机在体外调速刺激参数，以达到最佳疗效。结果 6例患者术后均获得了显著的疗效。震颤完全消失，肌强直、步态、姿障碍以及药物所致的并发症明显,面时多巴胺类药物用量明显减少，1例曾接爱双侧丘脑腹中间核及一侧苍白球毁损后的患者只得到了轻度改善。结论 DBS法治疗中晚期PD，具有安全，副作用可逆转的优点，且可根据患者的不同状况及病情发展调节刺激参数达到最佳症状控制，完全控制震颤，明显改善肌张力障碍、步态、资势等运动障碍及药物所致的并发症，另外多巴胺类药物的用量也明显减少。     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病临床SPECT随访

目的探讨丘脑底核脑深部电刺激(STN DBS)治疗帕金森病(PD)患者症状的改善及单光子放射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)的影像学变化。方法4例施行单侧STN DBS患者术前和给予电刺激后进行帕金森病综合评分(UPDRS)和SPECT测定。结果STN DBS术后临床症状明显改善,UPDRS运动评分缓解60%。3例改善良好的患者SPECT检查提示纹状体区域多巴胺转运体(DAT)含量较术前提高,另1例疗效欠佳的患者DAT含量降低,所有的患者多巴胺D2受体(D2R)检测与术前无明显差异。结论STN DBS可以明显改善PD患者的临床症状,SPECT检查显示刺激侧纹状体区DAT含量的升高提示STN DBS可能改善了多巴胺的代谢,而这种改善可能是STN DBS缓解PD症状的作用机制之一。     

Pallidal vs subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson disease

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been reported to relieve motor symptoms and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD). Although it has been suggested that stimulation of the STN may be superior to stimulation of the GPi, comparative trials are limited. OBJECTIVE: To extend our randomized, blinded pilot comparison of the safety and efficacy of STN and GPi stimulation in patients with advanced PD. DESIGN: This study represents the combined results from our previously published, randomized, blinded, parallel-group pilot study and additional patients enrolled in our single-center extension study. SETTING: Oregon Health and Science University in Portland.Patients Twenty-three patients with idiopathic PD, levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and response fluctuations were randomized to implantation of bilateral GPi or STN stimulators. Patients and evaluating clinicians were blinded to stimulation site. All patients were tested preoperatively while taking and not taking medications and after 3, 6, and 12 months of DBS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperatively, response of symptoms to DBS, medication, and combined medication and DBS was evaluated. Twenty patients (10 in the GPi group and 10 in the STN group) completed 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Off-medication Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor scores were improved after 12 months of both GPi and STN stimulation (39% vs 48%). Bradykinesia tended to improve more with STN than GPi stimulation. No improvement in on-medication function was observed in either group. Levodopa dose was reduced by 38% in STN stimulation patients compared with 3% in GPi stimulation patients (P = .08). Dyskinesia was reduced by stimulation at both GPi and STN (89% vs 62%). Cognitive and behavioral complications were observed only in combination with STN stimulation. CONCLUSION: Stimulation of either the GPi or STN improves many features of advanced PD. It is premature to exclude GPi as an appropriate target for DBS in patients with advanced disease.     

Tremor reduction by subthalamic nucleus stimulation and medication in advanced Parkinson’s disease

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has proved to be effective for tremor in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most of the recent studies used only clinical data to analyse tremor reduction. The objective of our study was to quantify tremor reduction by STN DBS and antiparkinsonian medication in elderly PD patients using an objective measuring system. Amplitude and frequency of resting tremor and re-emergent resting tremor during postural tasks were analysed using an ultrasound-based measuring system and surface electromyography. In a prospective study design nine patients with advanced PD were examined preoperatively off and on medication, and twice postoperatively during four treatment conditions: off treatment, on STN DBS, on medication, and on STN DBS plus medication. While both STN DBS and medication reduced tremor amplitude, STN DBS alone and the combination of medication and STN DBS were significantly superior to pre- and postoperative medication. STN DBS but not medication increased tremor frequency, and off treatment tremor frequency was significantly reduced postoperatively compared to baseline. These findings demonstrate that STN DBS is highly effective in elderly patients with advanced PD and moderate preoperative tremor reduction by medication. Thus, with regard to the advanced impact on the other parkinsonian symptoms, STN DBS can replace thalamic stimulation in this cohort of patients. Nevertheless, medication was still effective postoperatively and may act synergistically. The significantly superior efficacy of STN DBS on tremor amplitude and its impact on tremor frequency in contrast to medication might be explained by the influence of STN DBS on additional neural circuits independent from dopaminergic neurotransmission. Received in revised form: 27 April 2006     

Influence of deep brain stimulation and levodopa on sensory signs in Parkinson's disease

To examine the effects of levodopa (L ‐dopa) and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN‐DBS) on sensory symptoms and signs in Parkinson's disease (PD). Seventeen patients with PD were included. (1) Presence of sensory symptoms and (2) effects of L ‐dopa and STN‐DBS on sensory symptoms and signs [assessed by quantitative sensory testing (QST)] were examined 6 months after starting STN‐DBS. In addition, in 12 of these patients, presence of sensory symptoms prior and post STN‐DBS was compared. Pain was most frequently nociceptive. In about 30–40%, pain and sensory symptoms were associated with PD motor symptoms. In most of these cases, pain responded to L ‐dopa. Intensity of pain was reduced post STN‐DBS compared to pre STN‐DBS. L ‐Dopa had no influence on detection thresholds, whereas STN‐DBS improved thermal detection thresholds. However, thermal and mechanical pain thresholds were uninfluenced by L ‐dopa or STN‐DBS. Although some patients reported an improvement of pain with STN‐DBS or L ‐dopa, objectively pain sensitivity as assessed by QST was not altered by STN‐DBS or L ‐dopa suggesting that there is no evidence for a direct modulation of central pain processing by L ‐dopa or STN‐DBS. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society     

Myths and facts about the EARLYSTIM study

DBS of the STN improves quality of life (QoL) and motor function not only in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but also in PD with early motor complications, as shown in the recent EARLYSTIM study. In spite of the evidence in favor of STN‐DBS, the findings of the EARLYSTIM study have recently been controversially debated. Here, we argue that a placebo or lessebo effect is unlikely to have relevantly contributed to the favorable outcome of STN‐DBS in the EARLYSTIM study. The method of quantification of the placebo effect of DBS in a previous publication reveals flaws leading to implausible results, and therefore the placebo effect of DBS remains currently elusive, especially because blinding of PD patients with STN‐DBS as a crucial preassumption for assessing a placebo effect is practically impossible. Moreover, we claim that the extent of such a placebo effect is most likely very small. Specific challenges of STN‐DBS at an earlier stage of PD and inclusion criteria are the risk of inclusion of patients who later evolve to atypical parkinsonism, the risk of a floor effect for the benefit from DBS, the need for experienced multidisciplinary care including prevention of suicidal behavior, and the need for highly qualified long‐term follow‐up. The EARLYSTIM study has shown that STN‐DBS may be proposed earlier on in the course of PD, as soon as motor complications start to cause relevant disability despite proper medical management. This can lead to a gain of several years of improved QoL. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病的功能显像研究

目的通过单光子放射计算机断层扫描(SPECT)功能显像研究探讨丘脑底核脑深部电刺激(STN DBS)对纹状体多巴胺系统代谢的影响。方法对2只偏侧帕金森病(PD)模型猴及4例临床PD患者在施行单侧STN DBS手术前后给予SPECT检查,测定纹状体区域多巴胺转运体(DAT)及多巴胺D2受体(D2R)含量变化。结果STN DBS电刺激后2只偏侧PD模型猴及3例疗效较好的PD患者纹状体区DAT含量明显增加,2只PD模型猴D2R含量逐渐下降,4例患者D2R检测与术前无统计学意义。结论STN DBS可以明显改善PD症状,SPECT检查显示刺激侧纹状体区DAT含量升高,提示STN DBS可能改善了刺激侧纹状体区多巴胺的代谢,这可能是STN DBS的作用机制之一。