一种新血管粘接吻合内置支架的制备及其密封原理

目的：制备一种新的血管粘接吻合内置支架,探讨其密封原理。方法：参照化工密封原理,利用CaCl2、聚乙二醇（PEG）和明胶制备血管吻合内置中空可溶性支架（明胶CaCl2被覆中空支架,简称CaCl2中空支架）,置入管腔后,对合两端,按照顺序分别滴入海藻酸钠凝胶溶液、CaCl2溶液和医用胶（氰基丙烯酸酯）,医用胶浸润固化后,即完成血管粘接吻合。结果：CaCl2中空支架不仅在血管吻合中支持血管,而且可以双面成膜,增加密封厚度,加强密封效果,能够有效阻隔医用胶对吻合口和管壁的毒性作用。结论：明胶CaCl2被覆中空支架可以双面成膜,能有效提高密封效果,从而在不影响吻合口愈合的前提下,有望提高血管粘接吻合通畅率。     

耐盐性高吸水树脂的制备及其吸水性能

目的制备耐盐性高吸水树脂并研究其吸水性能。方法分别加入5%海藻酸钠水溶液和25%丙烯酸(海藻酸钠与丙烯酸质量比分别为0.12,0.20,0.25,0.33),室温下搅拌1 h使其混合均匀,然后加入一定浓度(1.5%,1.6%,1.7%,1.8%,2.0%)的引发剂硝酸铈铵水溶液5 g,在温度为60℃下反应3 h,得到浅黄色凝胶状黏稠产物,于60℃烘箱中干燥5 h,得到棕黄色树脂。分别加入5%海藻酸钠水溶液和5%壳聚糖水溶液(壳聚糖与海藻酸钠的质量比分别为0.50,0.75,0.80,0.90,1.00,1.10,1.20,1.25),滴加一定浓度(5%,6%,7%,8%,9%,10%)的环氧氯丙烷5 g,充分混合均匀,加热至60℃,调至pH 8,反应一定时间(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0 h),烘箱中烘干,即得淡黄色吸水树脂。分别考察两种树脂对纯水、盐水的吸附效果。结果通过海藻酸钠与丙烯酸单体共聚制备耐盐性高吸水树脂,在硝酸铈铵浓度为1.7%、海藻酸钠与丙烯酸质量比为0.20时,其吸纯水率[(30.66±2.08)%]和吸盐水率[(34.83±2.25)%]最高;通过海藻酸钠与壳聚糖交联反应制备耐盐性高吸水树脂,在反应时间1 h、环氧氯丙烷浓度为8%、壳聚糖与海藻酸钠比例为1.00时,其吸纯水率[(25.04±1.86)%]和吸盐水率[(22.78±1.08)%]最高。结论采用上述两种方法分别制得的耐盐性吸水树脂具有相对较高的吸纯水率和吸盐水率。不同海藻酸钠与丙烯酸质量比、硝酸铈铵水溶液浓度、壳聚糖与海藻酸钠的质量比、环氧氯丙烷浓度、反应时间会影响树脂吸水性能。     

黏合法吻合人造血管和中等动脉的实验研究

目的：从生物力学角度探讨黏合法吻合人造血管和中等动脉的可行性。方法：杂种犬离体颈总动脉30根,相对应口径的Gore-Tex ePTFE人造血管若干,医用吻合胶。3种不同吻合方法：传统缝合法、直接黏合法和生物被膜黏合法,比较吻合口抗拉强度的变化。结果：传统缝合法和生物被膜黏合法的抗拉强度都显著高于直接黏合法（P〈0.01）,传统缝合法和生物被膜黏合法的抗拉强度没有显著差异（P〉0.05）。直接黏合法和生物被膜黏合法的吻合完成时间显著快于传统缝合法（P〈0.01）。结论：被膜黏合法吻合人造血管和中等动脉的速度优于传统缝合法,抗拉强度也令人满意,是一种具有临床应用前景的吻合方法,但仍需要进一步进行动物体内实验研究。     

黏合吻合修复血管缺损的可行性实验研究

目的：探索一种损伤小、操作简便的修复血管缺损的方法。方法：以血管内速溶支架为内支撑,吻合口包裹生物被膜,用医用黏合胶行杂种犬颈总动脉和人造血管端黏合吻合,观察吻合口的渗漏情况,同时用自制的装置检测吻合口爆破压强度。结果：使用黏合剂可以完成吻合,吻合口基本上无渗漏,吻合口平均爆破压强度达到（52.03±2.43）kPa。结论：黏合吻合修复血管缺损是可行的,且具有损伤小,操作简便的优点,即刻通畅率好,其远期效果还有待进一步的实验研究。     

微创血管粘合技术研究的初步报告

目的:研制一种简便、快捷、高质量的血管吻合方法。方法:我们自行研制了一种中空可溶性血管内支架,选用医用粘合剂对新西兰兔股动脉进行血管粘合实验,对侧股动脉作为对照组行血管缝合实验,并对2组的吻合时间、通畅率、吻合口的渗漏以及吻合口愈合情况进行了比较;通过血管造影、吻合口组织病理切片等手段对远期吻合口愈合情况进行了初步评价。结果:粘合组血管平均吻合时间为7.91min,缝合组12.9min,统计学分析有显著性差异;即刻通畅率2组均为100%;远期通畅率粘合组为80%,缝合组为90%,2组统计学分析没有显著性差异;近期观察吻合口无渗漏,远期观察吻合口无明显狭窄,血管内膜愈合好没有明显增生。结论:该吻合法屏弃了缝针缝线,减少了吻合过程中的创伤;应用支架较好地解决了吻合口狭窄以及黏合剂进入管腔等问题;黏合剂的使用又避免了吻合口的渗漏,血管吻合质量明显提高;黏合剂聚合凝固时间短以及支架的中空结构使得血管吻合速度明显提高;该方法操作简便容易掌握,因此是一种简便、快捷、高质量的血管吻合方法。     

血管内速溶支架的细胞毒性和植入实验研究

目的:检测一种新型的血管内速溶支架的生物相容性。方法:分别对血管内速溶支架进行细胞毒性实验和皮下植入实验。细胞毒性实验:速溶支架粉末与L929细胞接触培养,倒置显微镜观察形态,采用MTT(四唑盐)比色法量化细胞毒性,并进行毒性分级。皮下植入实验:在12只新西兰白兔右侧背部皮下植入血管内速溶支架,左侧作为空白对照,分别于植于支架后3、7、14、28 d,肉眼和镜下观察植入点炎症反应情况。结果:血管内速溶支架细胞毒性为0级。皮下植入后无炎症反应,局部组织无刺激。结论:该课题组黏合吻合血管用血管内速溶支架材料满足ISO 10993要求,具有良好的生物相容性。     

基于膜基因芯片技术的肉制品中5种动物源性成分的鉴定

目的 促进膜基因芯片技术在多种动物源性成分同时鉴定方面的应用。方法 利用膜基因芯片技术对猪、羊、驴、鼠和牦牛,5种动物源性成分进行鉴定,从方法的特异性、检出限、重复性和实际应用效果4个方面进行评价。结果 膜基因芯片方法的特异性较好,误检情况少;方法检出限能够达到目标动物源成分质量分数0.1%水平;多次重复检测结果一致;方法实际应用效果较好,检测结果与参比方法吻合。结论 膜基因芯片方法经验证能够较好地应用于肉制品中多种目标动物源性成分的同步、高效检测。     

保健食品“黄芝精”颗粒剂成型工艺研究

目的:优选出"黄芝精"颗粒的最佳制剂工艺。方法:采用单因素实验及正交实验对辅料种类、用量、润湿剂的浓度及用量进行考查,以颗粒的成型性、吸湿性、流动性及溶化时间为评价指标,采用综合评分法,筛选出制备"黄芝精"颗粒的最优辅料。结果:"黄芝精"颗粒制剂最佳辅料为糊精,其用量为干浸膏粉:糊精为1∶1,润湿剂为70%的乙醇,其用量为总固体量1/6。结论:优选出的成型工艺合理可行,所得颗粒质量较好,符合要求。     

石化工业废水深度处理工艺各单元处理效果研究

目的研究某石化公司工业废水深度处理工艺效果,以减少环境污染、降低用水成本、提高水资源利用率,对该工艺的应用推广具有重要意义。方法采用的"絮凝气浮+BAF(曝气生物滤池)+多介质过滤+臭氧接触氧化+生物活性炭过滤+超滤反渗透双膜"工艺进行废水处理,利用紫外分光光度法、微波消解法、重量法、纳氏比色法等监测分析方法对各项污染物进行监测分析。结果絮凝气浮、BAF、多介质过滤单元对悬浮物去除较好,去除率为89.9%;臭氧化单元对石油类去除较好,去除率为62.5%,对氨氮反而增加,其浓度增加6.0%;生物活性炭去除氨氮及悬浮物较好,氨氮去除率达到79.1%,悬浮物去除率为98.3%;超滤反渗透单元去除氨氮较好,去除率为46.1%。数据显示生物活性炭单元出水已达到设计标准。结论各处理单元污染物监测指标显示,该石化公司采用的工业废水深度处理工艺流程的3个单元整体性能良好,处理后出水达到了设计要求。     

CdS-壳聚糖海藻酸钠包裹卵磷脂微球的研究

目的以壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为基质材料,在此基础上加入纳米CdS(硫化镉)制备缓释性能优异的载药微球。该实验包裹的药物为卵磷脂,卵磷脂在发挥功效的同时兼作两性离子型表面活性剂,可望替代当前较多采用的非离子型表面活性剂司盘-80或吐温-80。方法以微球的包封率为制备工艺优化指标,利用复凝聚法,通过正交实验筛选微球的最佳制备工艺条件,同时在最佳工艺基础上加入CdS制备微球。结果最佳制备工艺:壳聚糖0.24 mg/ml,搅拌速度800 r/min,反应温度25℃,交联剂戊二醛用量2.0 ml,CdCl20.004 mol,Na2S 0.004 mol。结论用液体石蜡、卵磷脂、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、戊二醛,不添加非离子型表面活性剂司盘-80或吐温-80,即可制备形态规整的微球;加入CdS纳米粒子的微球具有较好的缓释作用。     

Magnesium appetite in the rat

Rats modify their ingestive behaviour to correct deficiencies of minerals such as sodium and calcium. Here, we examined the effect of magnesium deprivation on the ingestion of MgCl2 and other solutions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a nutritionally complete or magnesium-deficient diet and were then given 3.2, 10, 32, or 100mM MgCl2, 32mM CaCl2, 32mM NaCl, 10mM HCl, or 2.5mM saccharin, and their intake was measured for 24h in a two-bottle choice test with water. Within the first 5 min, magnesium-deprived subjects given 3.2, 32, or 100mM MgCl2 or 32mM CaCl2 drank significantly more of these solutions than did replete rats. In a separate study, rats fed replete, magnesium-deficient, or calcium-deficient diets were given a three-bottle choice between water, 32mM MgCl2, and 32mM CaCl2. The deprived rats preferred the solution that ameliorated their deficiency; for example, during the first 1h, the magnesium-deprived rats drank 3.1 +/- 0.5ml MgCl2 and 1.1 +/- 0.4ml CaCl2, whereas the calcium-deprived rats drank 1.8 +/- 0.5ml MgCl2 and 3.9 +/- 0.4ml CaCl2. Thus, magnesium deprivation leads to a compensatory appetite for magnesium, and the appetites for magnesium and calcium are distinct and specific. The rapid expression of magnesium appetite suggests that it depends in part on innate, gustatory factors.     

某医院病房蟑螂侵害状况及灭蟑效果观察

目的了解某医院病房蟑螂侵害状况,探索在医院环境中适宜的灭蟑方法。方法采用粘蟑纸调查蟑螂的侵害率和密度,在病房不同的楼层使用不同的灭蟑药物,观察灭蟑效果。结果布粘蟑纸191张,获阳性纸80张,蟑螂侵害率为41.88%;捕获蟑螂243只,蟑螂侵害密度为1.27(只/张)。生物灭蟑胶饵和3种杀虫剂处理的不同楼层和功能区域,杀灭后的第30天蟑螂侵害率下降平均为97.42%;蟑螂密度下降平均为99.27%。结论生物灭蟑胶饵和杀虫剂灭蟑均能取得良好的杀灭效果,胶饵类灭蟑制剂更适宜在医院病房中使用。     

Calcium chloride and sodium phosphate in neonatal parenteral nutrition containing TrophAmine: precipitation studies and aluminum content

Objectives: The objectives were to determine concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl) and sodium phosphate (NaPhos) that can be safely added to TrophAmine‐based parenteral nutrition (PN) and to measure aluminum (Al) concentrations in PN solutions containing CaCl and NaPhos vs those containing calcium gluconate (CaGlu) and potassium phosphate (KPhos). Methods: In study A, PN solutions containing varying amounts of TrophAmine, CaCl, and NaPhos were compounded and then evaluated visually for precipitation. In study B, Al concentrations were measured in PN solutions containing CaCl and NaPhos (S1), CaGlu and NaPhos (S2), or CaGlu and KPhos (S3). Results: Study A showed that a maximum phosphorus concentration of 15 mmol/L could be added to a solution containing 12.5 mmol/L of calcium without evidence of precipitation when the amino acid (AA) concentration reached ≥3 g/dL (3%). In study B, the mean (range) Al concentrations were S1 = 2.2 (1.9–2.4), S2 = 8.5 (7.8–9.3), and S3 = 11.7 (10.8–12.2) µmol/L (means of 6.0, 22.9, and 31.5 micrograms/dL, respectively). Conclusions: The data can provide a guide for compounding neonatal PN solutions containing TrophAmine, CaCl, and NaPhos. More studies are needed to determine the long‐term effects of substituting CaCl for CaGlu in PN solutions for neonates. Substituting CaCl and NaPhos for CaGlu and KPhos significantly decreases Al concentrations in PN and potential Al exposure of neonatal patients.     

Effect of exogenous ascorbic acid on experimental hypertension and mineral balance in rats fed low- and high-fat diets.

The effects of exogenous ascorbic acid on the development of experimental hypertension and on calcium, sodium, and potassium metabolism have been studied. The investigation was carried out in 90 4-mo-old male Wistar rats fed high- and low-fat diets. Hypertension was induced by administering a 1.5% solution of NaCl orally. Some rats received 0.1% ascorbic acid in distilled water orally for the first 7 wk of the experiment, then 0.3% for the next 5 wk. The results showed that the amount of fat, NaCl, and ascorbate in the diet may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of hypertension. A high-fat high-NaCl diet increased blood pressure more than a low-fat high-NaCl diet. Additional intake of 0.3% ascorbate solution reduced experimentally induced hypertension by 4% with a low-fat diet and by 14% with a high-fat diet. Also, 0.3% ascorbate solution had a blood-pressure-lowering effect in rats fed a high-fat diet without NaCl. Supplementation with ascorbate diminished urine calcium output with a high-fat diet and increased the urine PGE2/PGF2 ratio with both low- and high-fat diets.     

Use of cyclodextrin and calcium chloride for enhanced removal of mercury from soil

The use of solutions containing carboxymethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (CMCD) or CaCl2 for enhancing the removal of Hg from a sandy soil was investigated using batch and column experiments. The retention of Hg appeared to be controlled by specific adsorption reactions, which greatly constrained Hg removal when using water (KNO3 solution) to flush columns packed with contaminated soil. The results showed that the two reagents did enhance the removal of Hg from the soil. For example, 81% and 60% of Hg was recovered after 50 pore volumes of flushing with 50 mM CaCl2 and 2 mM CMCD, respectively, compared to 24% recovery for a 10 mM KNO3 solution. However, significant tailing and delayed recovery of Hg during the elution process occurred in the presence of all reagents, indicating that the removal of Hg from the soil was rate limited.     

Sea tangle supplementation lowers blood glucose and supports antioxidant systems in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease associated with serious complications that may be linked to increased lipid peroxidation. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of sea tangle on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant systems in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 10 each) fed AIN76-based diets with either sea tangle powder, water extract of sea tangle, or sodium alginate, or a control diet with no supplement. On day 21 after beginning the diets, rats received intramuscular injections of STZ (45 mg/kg of body weight) to induce diabetes. Experimental diet feeding was continued for 3 more weeks. Dietary supplementation with water extract of sea tangle resulted in lower plasma glucose compared with the control and sodium alginate groups. There was no significant difference in plasma and hepatic lipid peroxides among the groups. Sea tangle and sodium alginate did not affect activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase; however, supplementation of water extract of sea tangle resulted in higher superoxide dismutase activity as compared with the control and sodium alginate groups. The plasma concentration of alpha-tocopherol increased in the sea tangle water extract group, but the hepatic concentration of alpha-tocopherol was not affected by dietary supplementation. Plasma retinol was not different among experimental groups. In conclusion, our results showed that water extract of sea tangle reduces plasma glucose and protects the antioxidant system in diabetic rats. These results suggest that water extract of sea tangle contains unknown physiologically active components, other than alginic acid, that may exert a protective effect against diabetes.     

兰州市蟑螂密度监测和现场灭蟑效果研究

目的了解兰州市蟑螂侵害和密度季节消长,探讨不同剂型药物灭蟑效果,为蟑螂防治提供科学依据。方法蟑螂密度采用粘捕法调查,灭蟑效果采用现场试验。结果2006～2007年在各类环境布放粘蟑板4320张,回收4268张,阳性963张,捕获蟑螂19356只,均为德国小蠊,侵害率为22．56％,密度为4．54只／张。6～11月密度达6．23～11．54只／张。使用滞留喷洒灭蟑后7、30和60d,杀灭率达到84．65％-89．00％;使用胶饵灭蟑后杀灭率达到45．99％-95．50％;烟剂＋胶饵灭蟑后杀灭率达到98．18％～99．60％;使用滞留喷洒＋烟剂＋胶饵灭蟑后杀灭率达到98．36％～99．47％。结论不同类型环境均受到蟑螂侵害,德国小蠊是优势种群．活动高峰在夏秋季．联合用药可提高蟑螂杀灭率．廊加强蟑螂蛤测和防治工作。     

Effects of sodium nitrite on various vitamin concentrations in rat tissues

For 6 months 2 groups of 10 male Wistar rats were fed on a chow ration, and to drink they were given either de-ionized water or a solution of sodium nitrite, 0.3 g per litre. At the end of the experiment thiamine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, niacin, biotin and pantothenic acid were estimated in various tissues (liver, heart, muscle, encephalon, kidneys, spleen, lungs and duodenum); nitrogen, phosphorus, retinol and ascorbic acid were estimated in the liver only. There was no difference between the groups in changes in bodyweight or fluid intake, nor in weight of different organs. But in the animals given sodium nitrite there was an increase in riboflavin, vitamin B6, niacin and pantothenic acid spleen concentrations, and a decrease in liver niacin and encephalon biotin contents.     

原子荧光法测定生活饮用水中汞

目的采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定生活饮用水中的汞。方法采用2%硝酸溶液作为载流代替原来的5%盐酸溶液,20 g/L的硼氢化钾溶液作为实验的还原剂。结果本方法适用于生活饮用水中汞的测定,回收率90.0%～100.5%,标准曲线r〉0.995,检出限为0.033 8μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.24%。结论本方法方便、快速、准确,灵敏度高,能消除实验中的干扰因素,满足日常生活水质的检测要求。