DNA甲基化与肿瘤

在肿瘤细胞中，ＤＮＡ甲基化状况的改变与基因的异常表达、基因突变、基因缺失重排和基因组印迹等遗传效应有关；这些遗传效应可能是癌基因激活和肿瘤抑制基因失活的诱因；因此，ＤＮＡ的异常甲基化可能与肿瘤的发生和发展都有关系。这为研究突变和癌变的分子机理提供了新思路。     

DNA甲基化与肿瘤

DNA甲基化参与基因的表达调控。 DNA甲基化异常与肿瘤等疾病有关 ,抑癌基因启动子区的异常甲基化和癌基因的去甲基化均影响肿瘤发生发展过程。肿瘤细胞的总体甲基化水平比正常细胞低 ,但是伴有某些Cp G岛甲基化程度增高     

DNA甲基化与肿瘤

表观遗传指不涉及DNA序列改变的,可随细胞分裂而遗传的基因组修饰作用;DNA甲基化是其中研究最多的基因表达调节机制.异常DNA甲基化可致肿瘤发生,它亦是肿瘤基因诊断和治疗的靶点.文章介绍DNA甲基化基本概念、作用效果及其可能机制;并讨论异常DNA甲基化与肿瘤的关联,包括肿瘤中DNA异常甲基化原因、异常甲基化致瘤机制及基...     

DNA甲基化与肿瘤

DNA甲基化是真核细胞DNA正常的修饰方式，它由DNA甲基化酶催化发生。DNA甲基化后核苷酸顺序未变，而基因表达受影响，异常甲基化是肿瘤发生的重要原因。DNA甲基化作为表遗传[1](epigenetics)机制之一，在肿瘤发生发展机制的研究中越来越受到重视。     

DNA甲基化与基因表达调控

DNA甲基化是一种遗传外修饰，它参与了胚胎发育，基因印记和X染色体失活等过程，在基因表达的调控中具有重要的作用，异常的甲基化可导致肿瘤的形成。DNA甲基化与组蛋白去乙酰化协同调节原表达。     

甲基化循环肿瘤DNA的检测及应用

癌症目前仍是医学界面临的第一大难题,其早期诊断、预后风险预测及治疗疗效评估有利于提高患者的生存率.目前临床上诊断癌症主要依靠肿瘤组织病理、内窥镜等检查,但都存在侵入性和异质性的问题.而在肿瘤细胞DNA中发生的分子变化如突变、易位和甲基化等,在循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)中也能...     

DNA甲基化,基因表达与肿瘤

ＤＮＡ甲基化、基因表达与肿瘤李士谔编者按：ＤＮＡ甲基化是基因研究中一个重要的概念，涉及多方面的生物学效应。本专题介绍了该研究领域的某些进展，其中“ＤＮＡ甲基化、基因表达与肿瘤”一文系李士谔教授所撰，李教授在古稀之年和身居异国的情况下，仍然心系祖国，勤...     

DNA甲基化与细胞周期

细胞基因的遗传性及表遗传性变异所致细胞周期过程的改变是恶性肿瘤的重要发病机制。在诸多调控细胞周期的影响因素中,DNA甲基化造成的表观遗传改变逐渐引起了人们的重视。目前的研究发现,DNA甲基化与越来越多的细胞周期调控基因关系密切,但它们之间的确切作用机制仍不十分明确。本文就目前国内外关于DNA甲基化对细胞周期影响的研究进展作一综述。     

肿瘤DNA异常甲基化与组蛋白修饰

基因启动子区域异常甲基化是肿瘤抑制基因失活的一个关键机制 ,与肿瘤每一步形成有关的基因也能靠这种机制失活。DNA甲基化抑制剂如 5氮杂脱氧胞苷 (5AZA)能逆转这种表观遗传学事件 ,说明可以用它治疗肿瘤。染色质的结构对基因表达调控也起重要作用 ,组蛋白中包含低乙酰化赖氨酸的染色质有一个紧密的结构 ,对转录起抑制作用。组蛋白去乙酰化酶 (HDAC)抑制剂能够使染色质结构开放 ,激活抑制肿瘤生长的某些基因 ,这些组蛋白去乙酰化抑制剂也可用于肿瘤治疗。DNA甲基化与组蛋白去乙酰化的联合作用可以用于沉寂基因转录 ,具体分子机理牵涉到甲基化CpG岛结合蛋白吸附到甲基化启动子上 ,以及吸附组蛋白去乙酰化酶形成抑制转录的复合物 ,这两种表观遗传学修饰代表了用 5AZA和HDAC抑制剂治疗干预的靶位点 ,这两种试剂联合使用显示有重新激活肿瘤抑制基因和增强抗肿瘤细胞增殖的协同效果 ,应当作为表观遗传学治疗肿瘤的新方法加以研究。     

DNA甲基化、单核苷酸多态性与肿瘤

DNA甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要部分,基因异常甲基化在肿瘤发生、发展中扮演重要角色.众多研究结果表明单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与DNA甲基化之间存在密切联系,可能通过改变甲基化位点或对DNA甲基化相关酶类产生影响,继而影响到相关基因的甲基化状态,改变表达水平,...     

DNA甲基化与基因转录抑制

DNA甲基化作为一种重要的表观遗传修饰,调节着机体许多生物学过程。DNA甲基化由DNA甲基转移酶催化 ,在多种调节因子的参与下,与组蛋白修饰相互作用,抑制基因转录,导致基因沉默。探讨DNA甲基化与基因转录抑制之间的关系,对许多人类疾病的研究具有重要意义。     

A possible model for the methylation of deoxycytidine in DNA

The modified base 5-methylcytidine has been found in the DNA of a number of different eukaryotic cells where it occurs principally in the dinucleotide sequence -CmpG- which is present as a palindrome in double-strand nucleic acid molecules. There is considerable evidence to indicate and suggest that 5-methylcytosine serves as a regulatory signal in eukaryotic gene expression. Replication of DNA containing -CmpG- gives rise to daughter DNA molecules containing new -CpG- dinucleotide sequences in which the cytidine residues are not methylated. Methylation of these residues is carried out by a methylase enzyme using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a specific methyl group donor. The model discussed in the present communication tries to explain in chemical and biological terms the mechanism of the methylation reaction. The first reactions of the scheme are well known through the work of other investigators. However, we introduce a new concept into our reaction mechanism by postulating the direct involvement of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the reaction through its covalent attachment to the cytosine ring followed by a specific ring closure and methylation involving transfer of a hydride ion. The model also gives a possible explanation of mechanism of interaction of dimethyl sulphoxide with the enzyme systems of certain eukaryotic cells, which are altered or changed in the regulation of gene expression by this chemical reagent.     

UHRF1基因在甲基化调控与血管新生中的作用

近年来大量研究证实泛素样含植物同源结构域和环指结构域1(ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domains 1,UHRFl)是一种与肿瘤发生相关的核蛋白基因,在表观遗传修饰过程中具有重要的调控作用,尤其是在DNA甲基化与组蛋白甲基化的调控方面。UHRF1由于其特有的结构域,在细胞生物学功能调控中起到非常重要的作用,如细胞增殖、周期和凋亡等。另外,在多种肿瘤组织和细胞中异常高表达的UHRF1可能与肿瘤血管新生密切相关。本文主要综述UHRF1对DNA甲基化及组蛋白甲基化的调控作用,并探讨了UHRF1在血管新生过程中可能发挥的表观遗传学调控作用。     

Semaphorin-3F functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer due to regulation by DNA methylation

Semaphorin-3F (SEMA3F) is a member of the class III semaphorin family, and is seen as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of SEMA3F in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and to explore the mechanism for that SEMA3F suppresses tumor progression and metastasis. The expression levels of SEMA3F in the colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding non-tumor colorectal tissues were determined by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, we evaluate the effects of SEMA3F on CRC cell migration and colony formation in vitro. Subsequently, quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was used to detect the DNA methylation status in the CpG islands of SEMA3F gene promoter in normal colon and colorectal cancer cell lines, colorectal cancer tissues and corresponding non-tumor colorectal tissues. We found that SEMA3F was downregulated in the protein (P < 0.01) and mRNA (P < 0.001) levels in CRC tissues as compared to matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. Moreover, MSP assay showed high levels of SEMA3F gene promoter methylation in the CpG islands in some CRC cell lines and tissue samples. Furthermore, SEMA3F expression was reactivated in CRC cell lines after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, demethylation of SW620 cells resulted in cell colony formation and invasion inhibition. These findings suggest DNA methylation of promoter CpG island-mediated silencing of the tumor suppressor SEMA3F gene plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of CRC.     

胃癌相关抑癌基因甲基化研究进展

DNA甲基化是一种表观遗传修饰,它与肿瘤的发生关系密切。DNA甲基化是基因表达调控的一种方式。抑癌基因启动子高甲基化可以使其表达失活,导致肿瘤发生。胃癌的发生与多基因异常表达密切相关,其中抑癌基因甲基化是胃癌发生发展的重要机制之一。     

组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化研究进展

组蛋白是染色质的核心，其尾部的共价修饰组成组蛋白密码，调节许多生物学事件。组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化作为共价修饰的一种在基因表达调控、X染色体失活、基因组印迹、DNA修补等生物学过程中起重要作用。近年来随着更多的组蛋白赖氨酸甲基转移酶及作用蛋白的鉴定，对组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化的功能有了进一步认识。组蛋白赖氨酸甲基化在基因表达调控中的作用已成为表观遗传学研究的热点。     

基因组DNA甲基化修饰在胚胎干细胞分化过程中的作用

基因组DNA的甲基化修饰通常使基因转录失活,去甲基化或低甲基化则使基因转录活化。但是,胚胎干细胞向各种成体细胞分化过程中相关基因的转录活化与DNA甲基化修饰水平并不呈简单的正性或负性相关。因此,甲基化修饰调节基因转录是一个复杂的过程。目前,对甲基化修饰作用的研究主要集中在基因选择性活化、改变转录因子与靶基因的结合活性、与组蛋白修饰协同作用及其基因表达的阶段特异性等方面。     

piR-823 demonstrates tumor oncogenic activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through DNA methylation induction via DNA methyltransferase 3B

Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) dysregulation occurs frequently in extensive cancers. However, there was no report about piRNA expression in esophageal cancer (EC). In this study, the expression levels of piR-823 and DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B were detected in 54 pairs of ESCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Pearson’s chi-squared test and receiver operating characteristic curves were established to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of piR-823 in ESCC. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between piR-823 and DNMTs. We found that piR-823 was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with matched normal tissues (P = 0.0213), the level of piR-823 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.042). The ROC curve analysis of piR-823 expression level yielded an area under the ROC curve value of 0.713 (P = 0.0001). DNMT3B was upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with matched normal tissues (P = 0.0286). There was an obvious positive correlation between piR-823 and DNMT3B expression (r = 0.6420, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, for the first time, we provided evidence about piRNA expression in EC. piRNA-823 and DNMT3B were both upregulated in ESCC and positively correlated with each other, suggesting the tumor oncogenic role of piR-823 in ESCC to epigenetically induce aberrant DNA methylation through DNMT3B. In addition, piRNA-823 showed high specificity in detecting ESCC and higher piRNA-823 level indicated higher risk of lymph node metastasis, suggesting its diagnostic and prognostic biomarker potential.     

Aberrant DNA methylation of cyclin D2 and p27 genes in rodent pituitary tumor cell lines correlates with specific gene expression

We previously reported that increased DNA methylation was an important mechanism of silencing the p27 gene in some pituitary tumor cell lines [1]. DNA methylation correlated inversely with p27 gene expression. The p27 and cyclin D2 genes are located in the same region of mouse chromosome 6, rat chromosome 4, and human chromosome 12p13. Because both genes are located in the same gene cluster, we investigated whether methylation was a principal mechanism regulating cyclin D2 as well as p27 expression in rodent pituitary cell lines. Bisulfite genomic sequencing showed that the normally unmethylated cytosines of the p27 gene in normal pituitary (NP) were extensively methylated in GH3 and GHRH-CL1 cells, but not in AtT 20, αT₃-1 and LβT₂ cells; but cyclin D2 was extensively inactivated in various pituitary tumor cell lines by increased DNA methylation. These abnormalities of methylation in p27 and cyclin D2 genes occurred with different frequencies in five pituitary tumor cell lines with 100% (5/5) methylation of the cyclin D2 gene and 40% (2/5) methylation of the p27 gene. Treatment with the methyl transferase inhibitor 5′-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZAdC) increased expression of cyclin D2 and p27 in GH3 and GHRH-CL1 pituitary tumor cells. There was a correlation between hypermethylation and gene expression. GH₃ tumors implanted into Wistar-Furth rats in vivo did not change the methylation status of the p27 and cyclin D2 genes. These data indicate a coordinately reduced expression of these two linked genes in most rodent pituitary tumor cell lines and suggest that methylation of cyclin D2 and p27 might occur in a “hot spot” in this gene-rich cluster. Supported in part by NIH CA 37231 and CA 42951