大学生心理适应性和满意度与心理健康教育需求研究

目的探讨大学生心理健康教育的重点人群、内容和形式。方法 2016年11月,通过整群随机抽样5131名学生纳入调查,采用中国大学生适应性量表和自行设计的校园生活满意度、心理健康教育需求问卷进行调查,分析不同特征对象的心理适应性,探讨适应性与生活满意度的相关关系,确定心理健康教育的重点人群,内容和形式。结果被调查学生的适应性量表总平均分为(55. 8±10. 8)分;女生的适应性平均分为(55.9±10.3)分,高于男生的(54.6±10.4)分,且除满意度外,女生各适应性维度的平均得分也均高于男生;大一、二、三、四年级学生的适应性得分分别为(53.9±10.1)、(54.5±10.3)、(55.9±10.2)和(56.3±10.0)分,呈现随年级升高适应性提高的趋势;本省生源的适应性好于外省学生;城镇生源的适应性得分低于城市、农村,以上差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。学生对校园环境、社团活动的满意度最高,对专业认同和管理制度的满意度相对较低,校园生活满意度与适应性之间存在弱关联(r=1.2, P0.05);微信是大学生接受度最高的心理健康教育形式;有关职业发展方面的咨询是在校学生最需要的,随着年级的增加学生对各方面的心理咨询需要意识升高;50%以上的学生希望心理健康教育者是心理咨询师。结论加强大学生在校期间的心理健康教育是十分必要,校园生活满意度的提高可能增进大学生的心理适应,男生、大一和大四学生是重点人群,大学生更能够接受新媒体方式的心理健康教育,职业发展问题是心理健康教育的重点。     

山东省青少年性心理健康状况调查

目的了解山东省青少年性心理健康状况,为青少年性心理健康教育提供科学依据。方法采用青春期性心理健康量表,对山东省6地市的3240名城乡初、高中的学生进行调查。结果总体上,山东省青少年性心理健康水平中等偏上,男生的性认知和性适应得分高于女生(27.91±7.21 vs 26.42±6.10,P0.001),女生的性价值观得分高于男生(32.68±4.95 vs 31.94±5.44,P0.001)。初中生和高中生的性认知得分为(26.34±6.66)、(28.68±6.51)分,性价值观得分为(32.06±5.22)、(32.88±5.06)分,性适应得分为(68.01±9.52)、(72.43±8.51)分,且3个维度得分高中生均显著高于初中生(P0.001)。农村和城市的中学生的性认知得分为(26.34±6.06)、(27.93±7.21)分,性价值观得分为(32.09±5.12)、(32.60±5.24)分,性适应得分为(68.44±8.86)、(70.75±9.86)分,且3个维度得分城市中学生均显著高于农村中学生(P0.05)。结论山东省青少年性心理健康水平中等偏上,青少年的性心理健康存在显著的性别、年级和城乡差异。     

医学院高护女生SCL-90的测查结果分析

目的:了解医学院高护女生心理健康状况,为开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对高护女大学生441人的心理健康状况进行了问卷测试,对数据用SPSS10.0软件进行描述性统计分析处理。结果:测试中至少有1项SCL-90的因子分≥3分的学生占2.95%~7.26%,护理系女大学生躯体化、焦虑和敌对3个因子得分高于全国大学生常模,偏执和抑郁2个因子得分低于全国大学生常模,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。强迫、人际敏感、恐怖和精神病性4个因子得分与全国大学生常模相似。结论:医学院高护女大学生心理健康状况不容乐观,而且有年级差异,应加强对高护女大学生的心理健康教育。     

大学生主观幸福感影响因素分析

目的分析大学生主观幸福感水平及影响因素,为高校心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用《国际大学调查》问卷对351名大学生的主观幸福感进行测查。结果大学生的总体幸福感得分(4.82±1.02)分,处于中等偏上水平;消极情感(2.56±0.91)分、积极情感(3.85±1.17)分、生活满意度(3.53±0.98)分,处于偏低水平;大学男生的消极情感得分明显高于女生(P<0.001),大四学生体验到的消极情感明显高于其他3个年级(P<0.01),大一学生消极情感明显高于大三(P<0.05);志存高远型大学生的总体幸福感明显高于安于现状型和悲观失望型(P<0.01);学风浓厚型和学风一般型学生的总体幸福感明显高于学风较差型(P<0.001)。结论大学生的总体幸福感处于中等偏上水平,且存在明显的志向类型和班级学风差异,性别、年级、专业及城乡差异不明显。     

蚌埠医学院在校学生心理卫生调查

目的　了解蚌埠医学院在校学生心理状况 ,为素质教育提供服务。方法　采用症状自评量表 (SCL- 90 )对该校 1～ 4年级学生进行调查分析。结果　该校在校生有 5个因子得分高于全国大学生常模 ,高年级学生得分高于低年级 ,男女生在人际、抑郁、敌对、偏执等方面差异有显著性。结论　应针对大学生的心理特点 ,在大学院校进行心理健康教育。     

2008年濮阳市某职业技术学院大学生心理健康状况调查

[目的]了解濮阳市职业技术学院大学生的心理健康状况,使今后的心理健康教育工作更具针对性。[方法]2008年11月,采用SCL-90症状自评量表对该校682名本科生进行调查。[结果]测试682名大学生,SCL-90各因子总分为1．75±0．58分,560名全国青年正常常模为1．64±0．51分（P〈0．01）。其中,人际关系敏感、焦虑因子得分,大学生高于全国青年正常常模（P〈0．01）,躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、恐怖、偏执、敌对、精神病性得分2组的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。躯体化、恐怖、焦虑因子得分女生高于男生,抑郁、精神病性因子得分三年级学生高于一年级学生,人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、精神病性因子得分城镇学生高于农村学生,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;文科与理科学生各因子分的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。[结论]濮阳市职业技术学院大学生存在一定的心理健康问题,主要是人际关系敏感、焦虑。     

师范类大学生成就目标现状调查

目的了解师范类大学生成就目标发展特点,为师范类大学生的学习行为提供指导依据。方法选取师范类大学生300人作为调查对象,采用学业成就目标量表进行调查。结果师范类大学生成就目标的总体得分情况为：学习目标得分较高（19.61±3.03）,回避目标得分次之（15.20±3.70）,证实目标得分最低（12.36±2.83）;在回避目标上大一年级学生得分高于大二年级学生（P〈0.01）;在回避目标和证实目标上文科学生得分均高于理工科学生（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;在证实目标上城镇学生得分高于农村学生（P〈0.05）;在学习目标上非独生子女得分高于独生子女（P〈0.05）。结论师范类大学生的成就目标与年级、专业、生源、是否独生子女有关,需针对不同类型的师范类大学生采取相应的心理健康教育。     

海南省大学生交流恐惧现状

目的了解海南省大学生交流恐惧现状,为大学生心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用交流恐惧自陈量表(PRCA-24)对海南省516名在校大学生的交流恐惧状况进行问卷调查。结果海南省大学生高交流恐惧检出率为12.4%,二人交流、参加会议2个分量表的得分分别为(15.26±3.94)、(17.41±3.99)分,均高于常模(P0.01),当众演讲分量表得分为(17.97±3.72)分,低于常模(P0.01);男生二人交流分量表的得分为(15.86±4.17)分,明显高于女生的(14.96±3.80)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);海医学生二人交流分量表得分为(15.72±4.13)分,高于海大学生的(14.60±3.57)分,海医学生的量表总分为(66.93±13.58)分,高于海大学生的(64.53±11.43)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);不同年级之间进行比较,在二人交流、小组讨论分量表和总量表上,海医大三年级的学生得分最高,分别为(17.41±4.45)、(17.14±4.61)和(71.86±15.33)分;海大学生各年级得分差异无统计学意义。结论海南省大学生的交流恐惧状况不容乐观;高校应主动承担起优化校园心理环境、加强学生交往技能训练的责任。     

深圳特区高职院校新生心理健康状况调查

目的调查深圳特区高职院校新生心理健康基本状况,为有针对性地开展心理健康教育工作提供参考。方法采用精神症状自评量表(SCL-90)对深圳信息职业技术学院2014级5 124名新生进行问卷调查。结果阳性症状者检出率为19.16%,症状痛苦水平达到中度及以上者检出率为9.56%;焦虑因子均分高于全国大学生常模,躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、敌对、偏执、精神病性因子均分低于全国大学生常模,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);男生SCL-90得分低于女生(P0.01);独生子女SCL-90得分高于非独生子女(P0.01);深圳市内生源学生SCL-90得分低于市外生源学生(P0.01)。结论深圳特区高职院校新生心理健康状况优于全国大学生常模,男生优于女生,非独生子女优于独生子女,深圳市内生源学生优于市外生源学生,高职院校应针对性开展心理健康教育工作。     

对1442名大学生生命质量现状及影响因素的调查研究

目的了解辽宁省大学生生命质量现状并对其影响因素进行分析。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取某师范大学一年级到四年级学生1 442名,应用WHOQOL-BREF健康量表对其生命质量现状进行调查,采用方差分析、t检验对其生命质量进行统计分析。结果大学生生理健康领域得分为(67.49±14.52)分,年级、性别、睡眠质量、精神创伤史、每月生活费用、体育锻炼对大学生生理健康有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。大学生心理健康领域得分为(64.77±15.07)分,性别、睡眠质量、精神创伤史、体育锻炼对大学生心理健康有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。大学生社会关系领域得分为(62.74±17.67)分,年级、性别、睡眠质量、精神创伤史、每月生活费用、体育锻炼对大学生社会关系有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。大学生环境领域得分为(59.11±16.12)分,年级、睡眠质量、精神创伤史、体育锻炼对大学生生活环境有影响,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论提高大学生睡眠质量、对有情感创伤的大学生进行心理干预、增加大学生体育锻炼热情、对大学四年级学生进行就业指导、缓解男生生活学习压力及提高贫困大学生经济收入将有助于提高我国大学生生命质量。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.