Effects of excess vitamin E on rat teeth

The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the feeding of excess vitamin E during tooth formation changes the mineral content of teeth. Purified diets containing 0, 250, and 2500 IU vitamin E per kg were fed to 15-day pregnant rats and continued during lactation and to the pups after weaning. Rats were killed at 2 and 4 weeks after weaning. Incisors and molars were weighed, ashed, and the percent of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus was determined. Feeding of excess vitamin E (2500 IU/kg diet) had no deleterious effect on percent ash or mineral composition of rat teeth. In fact, molars from rats fed excess vitamin E had slightly higher calcium and phosphorus levels. Such differences were also apparent but to a lesser extent in the dentin and enamel composition.     

Effects of intraperitoneally administered vitamin E and selenium on calcium oxalate renal stone formation: experimental study in rat

Forty-eight Wistar rats were treated for 3 weeks with water containing 0.7% ethylene-glycol and divided into four groups. The first group, used as control, has received sodium chloride at 1 ml/100 g BW daily. The second group was intraperitoneally injected with selenium at 10 micrograms/d per 100 g BW as NaSeO3 for 3 weeks. The third group was intraperitoneally administered with 15 mg Vit E/d per 100 g BW as alpha-tocopherol acetate for 3 weeks. The last group was simultaneously administered vitamin E and Se at the same doses and periods as the precedent groups. One day before the end of the treatment, each animal was placed in a metabolic cage for collection of 24 h urine samples and determination of urinary creatinin, urea, calcium, magnesium, phosphate and oxalate levels. Immediately thereafter, all the rats were anesthetized and aortic blood was collected to determine the same parameters as in urine. The kidneys were also removed to determine calcium oxalate deposits, dry weight and to conduct a histological examination. Our results showed decreased ionic product and increased magnesium fractional reabsorption in the group receiving only selenium and in the group receiving selenium in combination with vitamin E, in comparison with the control animals. In view of the knowledge concerning the same protective action of Vit E and selenium, regardless of tubular membrane alteration, the absence of any inhibitory effect of Vit E on calcium oxalate formation suggests that selenium, like other minerals, could be stuck onto the crystal surface and would inhibit induction of new crystals, growth and aggregation.     

Growth inhibition of rat mesangial cells by high glucose: effect of vitamin E

Background. We aimed to examine both whether vitamin E prevented and whether it reversed the growth inhibitory effect of high glucose. Methods. For the preventive experiment, rat mesangial cells (RMC) were grown in control glucose medium with the addition of 100 μM of vitamin E. High glucose (27.5 mM) was added to the medium concurrent with the vitamin E addition. The 3-(4,5-di-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure RMC proliferation. Our data confirmed the growth inhibitory effect of high glucose and showed that the growth inhibition was prevented by vitamin E. To examine whether vitamin E reversed the growth inhibitory effects of high glucose, RMC were grown in control and high glucose medium. Contrary to previous prevention type studies, vitamin E was not added to the medium until growth inhibition of the RMC by the high glucose was established. Results. Our data show that it took 5 days of vitamin E administration to reverse the growth inhibitory effect of high glucose. Conclusion. This is the first time that vitamin E has been shown to reverse this high-glucose-induced inhibition of RMC, suggesting that vitamin E reverses a potentially important pathogenetic process. Received: January 6, 1999 / Accepted: May 20, 1999     

回补维生素E对维生素E缺乏不孕大鼠妊娠结局的影响

目的研究在植入过程回补维生素E对维生素E缺乏不孕(VED)大鼠妊娠结局的影响。方法从出生后11d开始喂养维生素E缺乏的食物,喂养6个月后建立VED大鼠模型。在模型大鼠交配后5.5d、6.5d、7.5d分别灌胃500mg/kg的维生素E回补,以非VED大鼠为对照组,在回补0h、4h、8h、12h、16h、20h和24h观察维生素E的浓度变化,并于交配后19.5d统计大鼠子宫的着床点个数、活胎个数和胎鼠体重变化。结果 VED大鼠在回补4h后血浆中维生素E的浓度为13.54±3.81μg/ml,达到正常水平;分别在交配后5.5d、6.5d、7.5d回补维生素E的VED大鼠妊娠率分别为80%、60%、40%(对照组均为100%),着床点个数分别为9.3±1.1、8.5±0.5和8.4±1.4(对照组为12.7±0.5、13.0±2.2和12.7±1.2),活胎个数分别为5.0±2.0、4.0±2.3和2.0±2.4(对照组为12.3±0.5、12.7±2.4和11.3±1.7),均显著低于对照组(P0.05);交配后5.5d回补组胎鼠体重与对照组相比无统计学差异(P0.05),交配后6.5d和7.5d回补组胎鼠体重显著低于对照组(分别为1.74±0.55g和1.63±0.68g vs.2.16±0.18g和2.19±0.21g)(P0.01)。结论在植入过程回补维生素E可部分挽救由于维生素E缺乏所导致的不孕;随着回补时间的延后,回补维生素E对妊娠结局挽救的效果明显下降。     

The protective effect of vitamin E on cerebral ischemia

Using the "canine model of the completely ischemic brain regulated with a perfusion method," the effects on cerebral ischemia of vitamin E, which is known to act as an antioxidant, were investigated. After pretreatment with vitamin E by oral or intravenous administration, cerebral blood flow was reduced to 1/10th the normal state and, 1 hour later, allowed to return to normal. Subsequent changes in electrical activity were observed, and the effects of vitamin E were evaluated. In the control group, no recovery of electrical activity was seen. In the groups given vitamin E, the recovery time was significantly shortened in the dogs given 30 mg/kg of vitamin E intravenously. Furthermore, in the groups treated with vitamin E, distinct recovery of electroencephalographic potentials at 3 hours after recirculation was apparent. These effects were more favorable in the case of intravenous administration than in the case of oral administration. These experimental results indicate that the administration of vitamin E is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia.     

VitE对严重烧伤病人早期中性粒细胞吞噬功能损伤的防治作用

观察应用抗氧化剂 VitE 对22例大面积深度烧伤病人早期中性粒细胞吞噬功能损伤的防治作用。结果严重烧伤复苏后,非治疗组全血中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量下降,丙二醛(MDA)值上升、中性粒细胞功能异常均较健康人组和 VitE 治疗组显著:血浆过氧化脂质产物 MDA 升高与中性粒细胞(PMN)吞噬率,吞噬指数均呈显著负相关;而 VitE 治疗组与对照组比较可见,治疗组 SOD 下降,MDA上升,PMN 功能下降均见减轻。结果提示,在严重烧伤早期复苏补液治疗中,应用自由基清除剂和抗氧化剂可防治严重烧伤后早期 PMN 功能损伤程度,提高机体防御能力。有关适宜用药剂量尚待进一步探讨。     

Effects of prenatal vitamins A, E, and C on the hypoplastic hearts of fetal rats with diaphragmatic hernia

Background/Aim

Nitrofen induces heart hypoplasia together with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in rats. Intracellular oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms of action of the teratogen, and vitamin A has been shown to reverse in part these effects when administered simultaneously or shortly after it. This study aims at testing the hypothesis that vitamin A and other antioxidant vitamins, such as E and C, could improve myocardial development even when administered late in gestation, a likely useful period for prenatal medication.

Material and Methods

Time-mated Sprague-Dawley female rats were exposed to either vehicle (control) or 100 mg of nitrofen (experimental) on day 9.5 of gestation. In 3 additional groups, the animals were exposed to vitamin A (total 15 000 IU), vitamin E (total 150 IU), or vitamin C (total 150 IU) on days 16, 17, and 18. The fetuses were recovered on day 21, and randomly selected hearts of those with CDH were processed for histologic studies (hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff stainings), DNA and protein contents, and ki-67 (proliferation) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin end labeling (apoptosis) studies. The differences among groups were assessed by analysis of variance with Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc tests and a threshold of significance of P < .05.

Results

Nitrofen induced heart hypoplasia in terms of decreased heart/body weight, cell mass (less DNA and protein), and proportion of proliferating cells with increased apoptosis. Vitamin C alleviated weight hypoplasia and the 3 vitamins were able to restore cell mass and to reestablish near-normal figures of proliferation and apoptosis.

Conclusions

Antioxidant vitamins A, E, and C given late in gestation alleviate heart hypoplasia that accompanies CDH in the rat model. This timing suggests that the beneficial effects are exerted on the maturational phase of development.     

静脉输注维生素E对急性胰腺炎时肺脏脂质过氧化损害的保护作用

目的观察维生素E（VE）对急性胰腺炎（AP）时肺组织脂质过氧化的保护作用。方法采用3％牛磺胆酸钠按O1mg／kg体重注入胰管内制成AP动物模型后,经肠系膜静脉按100mg／kg体重注入VE乳剂或相同体积的生理盐水,术后6小时和24小时活杀动物检测血清淀粉酶、脂肪酸及磷脂酶A_2（PLA_2）活性;肺脏组织丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及三磷酸腺着（ATP）含量。结果VE组动物肺脏组织炎性病理改变较AP组明显减轻;血清淀粉酶、脂肪酶及PLA_2活性均较AP组显著降低（P＜0．05）。肺脏组织MDA含量较AP组巳著降低（P＜0．05）,SOD活性及ATP含量较AP组显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论氧自由基所引发的脂质过氧化作用是急性胰腺炎时肺脏损害发病过程中的重要因素之一,应用较大剂量VE可减轻肺脏组织损害。     

VitE对严重烧伤病人早期中性粒细胞吞噬功能损伤的防治作用

观察应用抗氧化剂ＶｉｔＥ对２２例大面积深度烧伤病人早期中性粒细胞吞噬功能损伤的防治作用。结果严重烧伤复苏后，非治疗组全血中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）含量下降，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）值上升、中性粒细胞功能异常均较健康人组和ＶｉｔＥ治疗组显著：血浆过氧化脂质产物ＭＤＡ升高与中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）吞噬率，吞噬指数均呈显著负相关；而ＶｉｔＥ治疗组与对照组比较可见，治疗组ＳＯＤ下降，ＭＤＡ上升，ＰＭＮ功能下降均见减轻。结果提示，在严重烧伤早期复苏补液治疗中，应用自由基清除剂和抗氧化剂可防治严重烧伤后早期ＰＭＮ功能损伤程度，提高机体防御能力。有关适宜用药剂量尚待进一步探讨。     

Growth failure in vitamin D-deficient rat pups

Summary Vitamin D-deficient rat pups were produced by feeding normal impregnated rats a diet deficient in vitamin D after mating. The rat pups appeared normal at birth but stopped growing at 1 week of age. Despite this growth failure, these pups were normocalcemic. Analyses of calvaria from a similar group of dams given vitamin D₃ showed that these dams mobilized skeletal calcium to meet the calcium requirements of their growing pups.     

维生素E对体外培养人皮肤成纤维细胞透明质酸合成酶-2基因表达的影响

目的通过研究维生素E对体外培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞透明质酸合成酶-2（hyaluronic acid synthetase-2,HAS-2）mRNA转录水平的影响,探讨维生素E减缓皮肤老化的机制。方法采用酶消化法进行体外人皮肤成纤维细胞原代培养,然后将不同浓度的维生素E（0、1×10^-1、1×10^-9mol／L）加入体外培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞中,待药物作用24h后,提取总RNA,通过逆转录反应获得cDNA,并进行体外扩增。对扩增产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳,根据条带的亮度来判断成纤维细胞中HAS-2mRNA的表达水平。结果对体外培养的成纤维细胞进行维生素E干预,经B肌动蛋白内参校正后,反转录一聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）示低剂量组与对照组相比HAS-2mRNA表达水平的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,高剂量组与对照组相比HAS-2mRNA表达水平的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,低剂量组与高剂量组相比HAS-2mRNA表达水平的差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论维生素E可以上调HAS-2基因的转录水平,可能增加皮肤成纤维细胞透明质酸的合成,增加皮肤的水分含量,使皮肤湿润、弹力增加、皱纹变浅,逆转或延缓皮肤老化。     

Effects of a vitamin pool (vitamins A,E, and C) on the tissue necrosis process: experimental study on rats

During surgical procedures on the epidermis, either aesthetic or reconstructive, the medical literature shows that certain technical standards and skin flap proportions should be followed, unless the risk of necrosis increases, in different degrees, directly related to the trauma. This study evaluates the evolution of skin flaps on the dorsum of rats treated with a vitamin pool (VP) (vitamins A, E, and C). Twenty-six rats, divided into two groups, were used: (A) the treated group (13 specimens), in which we performed a dorsal skin flap and applied the VP, and (B) the control group (13 specimens), in which we performed a flap on the dorsum without application of the VP. Our results demonstrate that, at the macroscopic level, the group treated with the VP had more tissue sufferance, whereas at the microscopic level, small statistical differences were observed between the groups and also between the vertex and the middle of the flap. Despite these small differences, better results were obtained in group A, showing that in this study the clinical aspect did not correspond to the histological features.     

维生素E琥珀酸酯对人肝癌细胞凋亡和侵袭性

目的研究维生素E琥珀酸酯（VES）诱导体外培养人肝癌细胞凋亡以及对肝癌细胞侵袭性的抑制作用。方法自2004年至2005年7月,体外培养SMMC7721人肝癌细胞系,在培养液中加入VES共育,用等量的生理盐水作为对照组。培养6、24、48h后采用流式细胞仪检测肝癌细胞的凋亡,小孔趋化试验检测肝癌细胞的体外侵袭性变化。结果在加入VES后肝癌细胞的凋亡率与对照组相比明显增加。在48h加入VES的实验组与对照组相比,肝癌细胞的小孔趋化试验明显受到抑制。结论VES具有体外诱导人肝癌细胞系凋亡以及抑制肝癌细胞体外侵袭性的作用,是潜在的抗肿瘤因子。     

Plasma and tissue vitamin E depletion in sheep with burn and smoke inhalation injury

Oxidants are involved in the pathogenesis of many disorders caused by burn and smoke inhalation; α- and γ-tocopherols are major tissue antioxidants, and their depletion should reflect oxidant injury. To determine whether plasma and tissue vitamin E levels would thus be depleted in severe burn, prepared sheep were randomly divided into the following groups: non-injured, burn- and smoke-exposed, burned only and smoke-exposed only. All were resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution, mechanically ventilated and sacrificed at various time intervals. Immediately following injury plasma, lung, trachea, heart and liver tocopherols/lipids were measured and found to be significantly depleted except in the heart. Reduction of tissue γ-tocopherol appeared earlier than reduction of α-tocopherol. Thus animals receiving combined burn and inhalation injury underwent marked oxidative stress, suggesting that vitamin E might be depleted also in humans with burn and smoke inhalation injury, and that appropriate supplementation should be evaluated.     

Platelet lipid peroxidation in haemodialysis patients: effects of vitamin E supplementation

In haemodialysis patients, increased concentrations of malonyldialdehyde and decreased vitamin E content indicate lipid peroxidation in the platelets from oxidative damage. The same process has been described in red blood cells and in mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. However, platelet aggregation is within normal limits and does not change after treatment with vitamin E. On the other hand vitamin E supplementation reverts completely the biochemical abnormality of the platelets.     

维生素D和维生素K对大鼠结石模型尿晶体成分的影响

目的进一步明确维生素D和维生素K与肾结石的关系,探讨成石机制。方法将健康成年雄性SD大鼠24只随机分成4组,即对照组、诱石组、维生素D组和维生素K组,收集第1、3、7天约24小时尿,测定尿晶体成分的浓度。结果维生素D组尿钙和草酸明显高于对照组和诱石组,尿镁和柠檬酸显著降低（P＜0．05）。维生素K组尿草酸明显低于诱石组（P＜0．05）。结论维生素D可能通过多种机制促进肾结石形成,而维生素K有抑制结石形成的作用。     

维生素E琥珀酸酯促进Fas表达和诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡

目的:检测维生素E琥珀酸酯(VES)对胰腺癌细胞生长抑制和凋亡的诱导作用,并分析其对凋亡诱导分子Fas表达的调控作用。方法:用VES刺激人胰腺癌Bxpc-3细胞12、24或48 h,所用VES浓度分别为5、10或20 mg/L;以MTT法测定其对细胞生长的抑制作用,流式细胞仪分析细胞凋亡率和细胞表面的Fas表达水平,Western印迹法检测VES对Fas蛋白水平的影响。结果:VES对胰腺癌细胞具显著的生长抑制作用,并表现呈剂量与时间依赖关系。用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期的结果,未经VES处理的Bxpc-3细胞的凋亡率为1.3%;5、10及20 mg/L VES作用48 h后,凋亡率分别为10.6%、24.2%和68.7%。VES作用后,胰腺癌细胞Fas蛋白水平和细胞表面的Fas表达升高。结论:VES对胰腺癌细胞具显著的生长抑制作用并诱导胰腺癌细胞凋亡,其机制与促进细胞表面Fas表达的上调有关。     

The effect of vitamin E & vitamin B on sperm function in rat varicocele model

We assessed the effect of vitamin E and vitamin B (Vit E & Vit B) and their combination on sperm functional parameters in the rat varicocele model. Male rats (n = 120) were divided into control (n = 30), sham (n = 30) and varicocele induction (n = 60) groups. After 2 months, 10 rats from each group were sacrificed to verify varicocele model. This part of results showed that sperm parameters, DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and residual histone were adversely effected in the varicocele group. From the 50 remaining rats in varicocele group, 10 rats received Vit B complex (6, 9.6, 30.4, 9.6 and 0.006 mg/kg for B6, B2, B9, B1 and B12 respectively), 10 rats received Vit E (40 mg/kg), 10 rats received Vit B & E, 10 rats only received water and 10 rats were only received sesame oil as a solvent for Vit E, for 2 months. From 40 remaining rats in control and sham groups, 20 rats only received water and other 20 rats only received sesame oil for 2 months. Then, all the aforementioned parameters were assessed. These results showed that Vit B antioxidant was more efficient in improvement of sperm parameters, chromatin integrity and lipid peroxidation in varicocelized rats compared with Vit E.