游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床研究

目的探讨应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复四肢、头面部大面积皮肤软组织缺损的优点及研究皮瓣切取时的注意事项。方法应用游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复头面部2例,前臂、手部创面21例,小腿创面10例,足踝部创面27例,创面缺损范围6 cm×10 cm~28 cm×16 cm。结果术后58例存活,其中有2例皮瓣发生感染经治疗后愈合,肢体功能恢复良好,外形满意。另2例发生血管危象,1例部分坏死,1例坏死。结论股前外侧穿支皮瓣薄,切取面积大,穿支血管解剖位置恒定,不牺牲主干血管,对供区、受区功能影响小,可广泛应用于大面积缺损的修复,效果满意。     

胸背动脉穿支皮瓣移植修复不同部位皮肤软组织缺损16例

目的 探讨胸背动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植和带蒂转移修复四肢及颈部、腋窝、肩背部皮肤软组织缺损的可行性和临床效果.方法 选用同侧带血管蒂胸背动脉穿支皮瓣修复5例颈部、腋窝、肩背部创面;选用胸背动脉穿支皮瓣游离移植修复11例四肢骨外露或肌腱外露创面.其中12例以胸背动静脉-外侧支-穿支为血管蒂,4例以胸背动静脉-前锯肌支-穿支为血管蒂,皮瓣不携带深筋膜、背阔肌和胸背神经.皮瓣面积最小10 cm×5 cm,最大26 cm×10 cm.结果 术后16例皮瓣全部成活,供区与受区创面一期愈合.术后随访3～ 24个月,皮瓣质地良好、外形不臃肿,皮瓣供区瘢痕不明显,肩关节功能无影响.结论 胸背动脉穿支皮瓣质地良好、供区隐蔽、血管蒂长、血供可靠,且不牺牲背阔肌和胸背神经.带蒂转移是修复同侧颈、肩、腋窝皮肤软组织缺损的理想方法,游离移植适合修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损.     

CTA三维重建技术在股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植中的应用

[目的]探讨CTA三维重建技术在股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植中的临床应用价值。[方法]2012年4月~2015年2月,对27例四肢不同程度皮肤缺损患者实施游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复创面,术前将供区进行CT扫描,通过CT血管造影数字化三维重建技术获得供区动脉血供三维图像,明确股前外侧皮瓣血供的起源、走向、分型、血管蒂长度、管径以及穿支点位置。根据三维图像参数指导皮瓣设计和修复,切取股前外侧穿支皮瓣的面积16cm×10 cm~27 cm×18 cm。[结果]27例皮瓣全部成活,均无血管危象发生,术后经过6~17个月(平均10个月)的随访,成活皮瓣质地柔软、血运良好,修复缺损外形不臃肿,色泽与正常皮肤基本一致,肢体功能恢复良好。[结论]术前利用CTA三维重建技术选择定位合适的穿支动脉进行股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植是可靠、实用的方法,具有临床应用价值。     

游离修薄穿支皮瓣的临床研究

目的 探讨游离修溥穿支皮瓣的临床应用. 方法 临床应用8例游离腹壁下动脉修薄穿支皮瓣和11例游离股前外侧修溥穿支皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损.皮瓣最大面积为16 cm×10 cm,最小为4 cm×3 cm.通过术前多普勒检查和术中皮瓣有限切开,尽量选取直接皮支型穿支设计皮瓣.皮瓣切取后在手术显微镜下解剖保护穿支血管,将皮瓣均匀一致的充分修薄,仅保留真皮下2～3mm厚脂肪颗粒. 结果 有2例皮瓣术后早期呈暗红色,经活血、抗凝或高压氧治疗,最终皮瓣全部成活.19例皮瓣中有2例穿支是筋膜皮支型,皮瓣蒂部仍有局部臃肿.其余皮瓣随访4～16个月,皮瓣质地薄而柔软,外形满意,无需二次手术修薄皮瓣. 结论 修薄穿支皮瓣质地溥而柔软,外形美观,切取复杂费时,成活面积较小,适合于修复重要美观部位的中、小面积创面.     

以彩色多普勒术前定位的短蒂股前外侧穿支皮瓣游离移植修复四肢中小面积皮肤缺损

目的介绍应用彩色多普勒在术前对股前外侧皮瓣穿支血管进行精准定位后, 切取不携带主干血管的短蒂单穿支股前外侧皮瓣游离移植修复四肢中小面积皮肤缺损的手术方法和临床效果。方法自2017年12月至2019年9月, 我科对15例四肢中小面积皮肤缺损患者应用短蒂股前外侧单穿支皮瓣游离移植修复, 皮瓣供养动脉与受区动脉端侧吻合, 皮瓣静脉与受区静脉端端吻合。皮瓣切取面积6 cm×5 cm～11 cm×7 cm, 所有皮肤缺损创面均伴有肌腱或骨外露, 皮瓣均为单穿支皮瓣, 皮瓣的游离时间为30～40 min, 平均切取时间为35 min。皮瓣供区一期缝合。结果术后15例皮瓣全部存活, 随访时间3～12个月, 平均7.2个月, 皮瓣外形满意, 供区创面Ⅰ期愈合。结论利用彩色多普勒在股前外侧的近中段对皮瓣穿支入皮点及穿支血管在皮下和肌肉内的行径进行精确定位, 选择合适的穿支作为皮瓣的供养血管, 应用"Free-style"理念切取短蒂股前外侧皮瓣, 对供区损伤小, 切取较传统方式简便, 手术时间短, 供区能直接缝合, 是一种理想的应对血管变异的手术方法。对显微外科技术和彩色多普勒操作技术和要求较高。     

原位保留股外侧皮神经修薄游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复下肢软组织缺损

目的 探讨制备保留股外侧皮神经修薄游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复下肢软组织缺损的可行性及临床疗效.方法 自2015年5月至2019年12月,郴州市第一人民医院采用保留股外侧皮神经修薄游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复11例下肢外伤患者的皮肤软组织缺损创面,缺损面积为13.0 cm×4.5 cm～28.0 cm×7.5 cm.制备修...     

股浅动脉低位穿支皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损

目的总结股浅动脉低位穿支皮瓣修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。方法 2017年9月—2019年2月,采用股浅动脉低位穿支皮瓣修复10例四肢皮肤软组织缺损。男7例,女3例;年龄26～57岁,平均35岁。恶性纤维组织细胞瘤切除术后1例,交通事故伤9例。软组织缺损部位:上肢4例,足踝部3例,膝关节周围3例。软组织缺损范围为5 cm×5 cm～16 cm×6 cm。带蒂移位修复3例、游离移植修复7例;皮瓣切取范围为7 cm×5 cm～18 cm×7 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合。结果术后皮瓣均顺利成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间8～13个月,平均10个月。皮瓣外形良好、质地柔软,未出现瘢痕挛缩畸形等。患者行走正常,供区髋、膝关节功能未见异常。结论股浅动脉低位穿支粗大且解剖位置恒定,以其为血管蒂切取穿支皮瓣手术操作简便,是修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损较理想方法之一。     

前臂瘢痕与软组织缺损的皮瓣修复

目的应用胸脐皮瓣及股前外侧皮瓣修复外伤后和瘢痕切除后前臂皮肤、软组织缺损创面。方法沿胸脐支设计皮瓣，逆行切取，皮瓣转移修复外伤后前臂皮肤、软组织缺损创面3例；解剖游离以旋股外侧动脉降支为血管蒂的股前外侧皮瓣，移植修复前臂瘢痕切除后创面8例。结果皮瓣全部成活，随访6～15个月，前臂外形满意。皮肤质地柔软。弹性良好。结论胸脐皮瓣及股前外侧皮瓣修复前臂软组织缺损创面，方法可靠，解剖容易，是一种简单、理想的手术方法。     

应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部软组织缺损

目的:探讨游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:自2007年1月～2012年1月应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部软组织缺损16例。男10例,女6例,年龄4～13岁,皮肤缺损范围9cm×6cm～15cm×12cm,术中皮瓣切取面积10cm×7cm～16cm×13cm,供区创面直接缝合9例,游离植皮修复7例。结果:术后皮瓣全部成活,无血运障碍,皮瓣均成活,供区植皮均成活,切口一期愈合。患儿术后获随访,随访时间3～24个月,皮瓣质地柔软,外形饱满,色泽正常。结论:应用游离股前外侧皮瓣修复儿童足部的软组织缺损,供区损伤小,切取皮瓣面积大,血管蒂长,修复效果好,是修复儿童足部的软组织缺损优良供区。     

游离超薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损

[目的]探讨游离超薄股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。[方法]应用超薄游离股前外侧穿支皮瓣移植修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损22例。手术时间120~160 min。皮瓣大小为7 cm×4 cm~16 cm×10cm。[结果]22例皮瓣全部成活,3例发生皮瓣感染,经对症治疗后伤口逐渐愈合,术后对患者进行为期6个月的随访,皮瓣外观及质地良好,外形不臃肿,满足创面修复要求。[结论]使用游离超薄穿支皮瓣修复足踝皮肤软组织缺损可获得满意的临床效果。     

吻合血管的股前外侧皮瓣在临床中的应用

目的：探讨游离移植股前外侧皮瓣修复体表软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：自1986年10月至2002年1月，应用股前外侧游离移植皮瓣治疗体表组织缺损11例。结果：11例皮瓣全部存活，没有出现血管危象，术后经（6－18）个月随访，效果均满意。结论：游离股前外侧皮瓣血供充分，部位隐蔽，可切取面积大，是修复大面积体表组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

阴股沟皮瓣应用解剖学研究

目的明确阴股沟皮瓣的解剖学基础.方法对10具(20侧)成年女尸阴股沟区皮肤进行解剖学研究.结果阴股沟皮瓣存在多重血液供应;其中,闭孔动脉前皮支分布于皮瓣中部,浅出点距会阴正中线(3.0±0.5)cm,距阴道口前缘(1.7±0.4)cm距耻骨下支外侧缘(0.6±0.2)cm,管径(0.8±0.1)mm;阴唇后动脉主要供应大阴唇,并恒定地以本干的形式在大阴唇皮下与阴部外浅动脉形成血管吻合,在阴道口后缘前后各1.5cm的范围内,发出2、3支阴唇后动脉外侧支,外径为(0.7±0.3)mm,分布于阴股沟皮瓣后部;阴部外浅动脉斜形穿过皮瓣上端走向大阴唇,沿途发出柳枝状血管分支分布于皮瓣上端.结论阴股沟皮瓣阴道再造所利用的血管是阴唇后动脉外侧支,而非阴唇后动脉主干;由于闭孔动脉前皮支浅出点位置较高而且固定,以之为蒂形成的皮瓣不适用于阴道再造,而适合于会阴部较小皮肤缺损的修复.     

Chest wall reconstruction using a combined musculocutaneous anterolateral�Canteromedial thigh flap

We present a massive 25 cm × 20 cm chest wall defect resulting from resection of recurrent cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast along with six ribs exposing pleura. The chest wall was reconstructed with a Prolene mesh–methylmethacrylate cement sandwich while soft tissue reconstruction was carried out using a combined free anterolateral–anteromedial thigh musculocutaneous flap with two separate pedicles, anastomosed to the thoracodorsal and thoracoacromial vessels respectively. We explain our rationale for and the advantages of combining the musculocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap with the anteromedial-rectus femoris thigh flap.     

A Rare Anatomical Variation in the Pedicle of Anterolateral Thigh (ALT) Flap

Free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap finds its place in the front row among the soft-tissue flaps used for complex reconstruction of various defects. Its versatile tissue component and ease of harvesting with minimal donor site morbidity made it a popular flap. However, its variable vascular anatomy alerts the reconstructive surgeon to remain aware of the common variation and vigilant with regard to unusual variation. Commonly described variations are about the origin and course of pedicle and perforators. There are rare reports regarding the presence of double arteries and single vein in the flap pedicle. Here, the authors describe these unusual anatomical variations in the pedicle of ALT flap, with two arteries and one vein, and discuss the surgical implication of the same.     

Medial thigh lift in post-bariatric patients: Our encouraging experience

Background: A high rate of postoperative complications following inner thigh lift is reported in the medical literature. The authors present the results of a study on the validity of inner thigh contouring, with liposuction and concomitant skin excision, in postbariatric patients.

Methods: This study examined the charts of 46 postbariatric female patients, who underwent medial thigh lift with a ‘T’ scar technique and concomitant liposuction, between February 2010 and February 2013. Complications were recorded. A questionnaire was administered to the patients at the 1-year follow-up visit. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative photographs were compared, superimposed, and analysed.

Results: This study did not observe major systemic complications, haematoma, seroma, infection, skin necrosis, lymphoceles, or lymphoedema. Minor complications were three cases of wound dehiscence and two cases of deepithelialisation. At the 1-year follow-up visit, caudal scar migration, genital distortion, recurrent ptosis, or deformity of the inner thigh contour were not observed. Questionnaires and a comparison of pre- and 1-year postoperative pictures showed encouraging results.

Conclusions: The medial thigh lift technique described and assessed in this article is a straightforward surgical procedure, with considerable functional and aesthetic results. Liposuction, early mobilisation, and appropriate postoperative management are pivotal to reduce postoperative downtime and complications.     

Reconstruction of complex thoraco-abdominal defects with extended anterolateral thigh flap

Background:

The reconstruction of complex thoraco-abdominal defects following tumour ablative procedures has evolved over the years from the use of pedicle flaps to free flaps. The free extended anterolateral thigh flap is a good choice to cover large defects in one stage.

Materials and Methods:

From 2004 to 2009, five patients with complex defects of the thoracic and abdominal wall following tumour ablation were reconstructed in one stage and were studied. The commonest tumour was chondrosarcoma. The skeletal component was reconstructed with methylmethacrylate bone cement and polypropylene mesh and the soft tissue with free extended anterolateral thigh flap. The flaps were anastomosed with internal mammary vessels. The donor sites of the flaps were covered with split-skin graft.

Result:

All the flaps survived well. One flap required re-exploration for venous congestion and was successfully salvaged. Two flaps had post operative wound infection and were managed conservatively. All flap donor sites developed hyper-pigmentation, contour deformity and cobble stone appearance.

Conclusion:

Single-stage reconstruction of the complex defects of the thoraco-abdominal region is feasible with extended anterolateral thigh flap and can be adopted as the first procedure of choice.     

股前外侧肌皮瓣修复足踝侧方组织缺损

Objective To explore the long-time clinical results and effection of free anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for repairing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,especially for reconstructing stability of the ankle joints. Methods Thirteen patients with complex tissue defects,involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,were treated by free anterolateral thigh fasciomusculocutaneous flap.The fascia lata which was involved in the flap was fixed with the adjacent tissue of the recipient area.The descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels were anastomosed with the vessels in the recipient area.The largest area of the flap was 20 cm × 12 cm.The ankle joint was fixed in functional position with plaster in the early 3 months post-operatively.The following time ranged from 1.5 years to 20 years.The stability of the ankle joint were evatuated with the patients' objective feeling and clinical symptoms and imaging study.Results The stability of the ankle should be protected by external fixation in the early 3 months postoperatively,and was restored at 6 months usually.In all cases,ten cases were followed over 10 years,six cases were followed over 6 years,three cases were followed over 15 years.Though radiological discovering suggesting traumatic esteoarthritis exited in 3 cases with a follow-up more than 5 years,the clinical manifestations were fair and no one need undergo arthredesis. Conclusion Using ant erolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for reconstructing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel repairing stability of the joint and ovoiding off early arthrodosis of the joint is one of the favorable choice,especially for the teen-agers.     

股前外侧肌皮瓣修复足踝侧方组织缺损

Objective To explore the long-time clinical results and effection of free anterolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for repairing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,especially for reconstructing stability of the ankle joints. Methods Thirteen patients with complex tissue defects,involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel,were treated by free anterolateral thigh fasciomusculocutaneous flap.The fascia lata which was involved in the flap was fixed with the adjacent tissue of the recipient area.The descending branches of the lateral circumflex femoral vessels were anastomosed with the vessels in the recipient area.The largest area of the flap was 20 cm × 12 cm.The ankle joint was fixed in functional position with plaster in the early 3 months post-operatively.The following time ranged from 1.5 years to 20 years.The stability of the ankle joint were evatuated with the patients' objective feeling and clinical symptoms and imaging study.Results The stability of the ankle should be protected by external fixation in the early 3 months postoperatively,and was restored at 6 months usually.In all cases,ten cases were followed over 10 years,six cases were followed over 6 years,three cases were followed over 15 years.Though radiological discovering suggesting traumatic esteoarthritis exited in 3 cases with a follow-up more than 5 years,the clinical manifestations were fair and no one need undergo arthredesis. Conclusion Using ant erolateral thigh musculocutaneous flap for reconstructing the complex defects involving lateral or medial malleolar of the ankle and heel repairing stability of the joint and ovoiding off early arthrodosis of the joint is one of the favorable choice,especially for the teen-agers.     

中原地区青年女性臀部和大腿形态测量及临床意义

目的通过对中原地区青年女性臀部及大腿形态学测量及分析,为临床相关手术提供美学参考。方法测量551名未婚健康女性腰围、臀围、大腿最大围、大腿长及大腿长身高比,并根据不同身高组、体重组对相关数据进行统计分析。结果测量数据显示腰围、臀围、大腿最大围、大腿长及大腿长身高比分别为（70．74±5．86）、（87．16±4．19）、（51．87±3．27）、（42．35±2．38）cm及（26．1±1．23）％。臀围及大腿最大围在不同身高、体重组之间差异有统计学意义,且与身高、体重、腰围均存在正相关;大腿长、大腿长身高比在不同身高组之间差异有统计学意义,且与身高呈正相关。结论中原地区青年女性有关臀部及大腿形态学测量数据可为相关整形手术方案的制定及修复效果的评价提供依据,特别是对脂肪抽吸术具有一定的I临床参考价值。