吻合血管的腓骨头联合皮瓣移植修复复杂外踝缺损

目的 总结吻合血管的腓骨头联合皮瓣移植修复复杂外踝缺损的术式及临床效果. 方法 2000年7月-2006年4月,收治6例外踝缺损患者.男5例,女1例;年龄9～47岁.车祸伤4例,砸伤2例.左侧5例,有侧1例.外踝骨缺损长度为3.5～8.5 cm;皮肤缺损范围为14 cm×4 cm～18 cm×7 cm.损伤至手术时间为15～30 d.术中采用长度为5～10 cm的吻合膝下外侧动脉腓骨头,联合大小为16 cm×5 cm～20 cm×8 cm的腓动脉穿支皮瓣或背阔肌皮瓣修复复杂外踝缺损.供区创面中厚皮片植皮加压打包. 结果 术后1周1例皮瓣远端1 cm发生干性坏死,经换药后愈合;余皮瓣均顺利成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合.供区植皮成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合.6例患者均获随访,随访时间4～15个月.移植腓骨头成活良好,8～16周均达骨性愈合.外踝外形近似正常,踝关节活动自如.移植皮瓣质地柔软,无磨损及溃烂.根据Baird-Jackson评分系统评价疗效:优3例,良2例,可1例,优良率达83.3%. 结论 吻合膝下外侧动脉的腓骨头血供良好,再造外踝外形近似正常;腓动脉穿支皮瓣及背阔肌皮瓣血供可靠,皮瓣面积大,与吻合血管的腓骨头联合移植是修复复杂外踝缺损的一种有效方法.     

拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损

目的探讨吻合神经的拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床效果及并发症的防治。方法利用拇指背侧皮神经营养血管逆行皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损23例,11例将皮瓣内皮神经与受区内指神经外膜吻合,以重建受区感觉。结果23例皮瓣手术,22例皮瓣成活,1例皮瓣远端部分坏死。6例皮瓣远端出现张力性水泡,经积极处理后缓解。术后随访4～24个月,1例发生嵌甲,2例出现虎口轻度挛缩,成活皮瓣质地良好,手部外形与功能恢复满意,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉。结论该皮瓣手术操作简单,皮瓣外形好,可恢复部分感觉,是修复拇指软组织缺损的理想皮瓣。     

拇指背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口缺损

目的探讨拇指背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部软组织缺损的方法。方法应用拇背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部软组织缺损、瘢痕挛缩12例,皮瓣修复创面大小3cm×4cm～4cm×7.5cm。结果术后随访1～3年,12例皮瓣全部成活,外观满意,感觉及功能恢复好。结论拇指背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部缺损具有操作简便、血供丰富、质地薄、感觉恢复好、无需再次整形等优点,为修复虎口软组织缺损的一种新方法。     

前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复手及前臂创伤

目的探讨前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣临床应用。方法自2006年3月-2009年1月，我科采用前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复手部、腕部、虎口、肘部区域软组织缺损45例。结果本组45例伤口均一期愈合，2例术后第2d远端肿胀，呈紫红色，并有水疱，经手术探查发现蒂部旋转时过紧，经调整后3d，皮瓣颜色红润；7例术后第3d皮瓣肿胀加重，全皮瓣紫红色，伴头静脉充盈怒张，皮下结扎头静脉后，症状逐步改善。本组术后随访3～18月，皮瓣外形满意，无臃肿，皮瓣恢复部分感觉，手功能恢复良好。结论前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣是修复手部、腕部、虎口、肘部区域软组织缺损较理想的手术方法。     

远端蒂指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复指腹创伤缺损

目的介绍应用指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复指腹创伤缺损的临床经验,并探讨改善静脉回流的方法。方法自2004年3月至2005年10月,共急诊应用远端蒂指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣,修复指腹创面大于2 cm者18例。旋转轴点在近侧指间关节(PIP)平面以近0．5 cm,皮瓣面积2 cm×2 cm～3 cm×4 cm,皮神经筋膜蒂长2～3 cm。均将指背皮神经与指固有神经吻接,并在旋转点远侧1 cm处结扎指背浅静脉。结果术后皮瓣均有不同程度的静脉淤血肿胀,8例皮瓣出现张力水泡。13例随访超过6个月,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉。结论指背皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复指腹创伤缺损,方法简单,成活可靠。在蒂部远侧结扎指背浅静脉干阻断倒灌和在末端旷置敞开,均能改善静脉回流,减轻皮瓣肿胀。     

前臂外侧皮神经营养血管复合蒂皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损

1997年4月-2004年12月,我科应用前臂外侧皮神经营养血管复合蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复手部软组织缺损12例,术后疗效满意.     

带血管蒂腓骨头骨骺截骨整形重建内踝的应用解剖与临床应用

目的 为带血管蒂腓骨头骨骺截骨整形重建内踝提供解剖学依据,并探讨其临床应用效果.方法 20侧2～12岁新鲜儿童下肢标本,对腓骨头及内踝进行形态学测量,根据测量数据推导截骨公式.临床急诊或延期手术,移植截骨改良的腓骨头骨骺复合组织瓣一期修复内踝缺损,随访观察临床效果.结果 腓骨头倾斜角(M)为(170±8)°,关节面内倾角(N)为(145±6)°,纵长为(1.5±0.2)cm,横宽为(1.4±0.2)cm;内踝内翻角(L)为(152±8)°,关节面纵长为(1.25±0.2)cm,横宽为(1.25±0.2)cm.设内踝缺损面与胫骨纵轴的夹角为(Q),截骨角度X=L-N-Q,顶点位于腓骨头倒置后的关节面上1/6处.临床应用6例,全部一期愈合,随访1～3年,内踝发育良好,未发生骺早闭,无内翻畸形,踝关节负重、行走功能正常.结论 儿童腓骨头骨骺与内踝形态有一定的差异,通过截骨可获得满意的供体,同时携带皮瓣可一期修复内踝骨骺及周围软组织缺损并同步发育,是重建儿童内踝创伤性缺损的理想方法.     

带蒂股后皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复足跟及小腿下段大面积软组织缺损

目的 报道应用股后皮神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复足跟及小腿下段大面积软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 应用带蒂股后皮神经营养血管皮瓣进行足跟部及小腿下段7.0 cm×20.0 cm～11.0 cm×23.0 cm大面积软组织缺损修复14例的效果.其中胫、腓骨中下段开放性骨折内固定术后感染并皮肤缺损3例.踝都软组织缺损并跟腱外露4例,足跟皮肤缺损并跟骨外露7例. 结果 14例中13例完全存活,1例皮瓣尖端2.0 cm×2.0 cm缺血坏死,经换药瘢痕愈合.术后出现的膝关节疼痛、僵硬,经1～8周膝关节功能锻炼后均恢复正常.随访8～22个月,平均15.5个月,皮瓣存活好,质地优良,外观满意,膝关节屈伸功能良好. 结论 带蒂股后皮神经营养血管皮瓣切取简捷,手术操作容易掌握,可以吻合神经恢复受区感觉.可作为小腿及足踝部大面积创面修复的方法 在临床应用.     

拇背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损

自2002年1月～2005年12月,笔者应用拇背侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣逆行转移修复拇指软组织缺损15例,疗效满意.     

皮神经营养血管皮瓣在手和足软组织缺损中的应用

目的 应用皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复手和足踝部的软组织缺损。方法 以前臂伸皮神经、桡神经浅支和腓肠神经为轴线,分别根据手或足踝部受区大小、部位及供、受区距离设计出逆行岛状皮瓣。结果 腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部创面4例,前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部创面1例,桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣修复拇指软组织撕脱伤1例,皮瓣全部成活。结论 根据皮神经营养血管与皮肤血管相互交通的关系设计出的皮神经营养血管皮瓣,为手和足踝部软组织缺损的修复提供了血供可靠、简便快捷的新方法。     

缝合皮神经的营养血管皮瓣修复拇指末节软组织缺损

手背皮神经营养血管皮瓣是由Bertelli和Khoury首先报告。近年来，随着人们对皮神经血供的解剖学研究的深入，皮神经营养血管皮瓣在创面覆盖治疗中已成为治疗的热点。2003年1月-2006年12月，我院采用缝合神经的皮神经营养血管逆行岛状皮瓣修复拇指末节软组织缺损48例，术后疗效满意。     

小腿皮神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复足部皮肤缺损

目的探讨小腿皮神经营养血管蒂皮瓣修复足部皮肤缺损的临床疗效。方法采用以小腿隐神经、腓肠神经和腓浅神经营养血管为蒂设计并切取皮瓣,逆行转移修复20例足部皮肤缺损患者。结果 20例均获随访,时间6个月～4年。2例皮瓣远端部分坏死,经局部换药愈合;18例皮瓣全部成活。6例修复神经者恢复了良好的感觉功能。皮瓣外形及功能恢复均良好,无皮肤破溃发生。结论小腿皮神经营养血管蒂岛状皮瓣不牺牲主要血管,血供可靠,操作简单,成活率高,部分可恢复感觉功能,是修复足部皮肤缺损的较理想方法。     

带血管蒂腓骨头骨骺截骨整形重建内踝的应用解剖与临床应用

Objective To provide an anatomical basis for repairing the medial malleolus with bone-severed vascularized fibular head epiphysis, and to explore the effect of clinical application with this method. Methods Figures of fibular head and medial malleolus were measured on 20 fresh lower limbs specimens of child age from 2 to 12 years old, then bone-severed formula was deduced. The bone-severed composite fibular head epiphysis to repair the defect of medial malleolus were carried for 6 child patients of emergency or post-poned cases on one stage. Obersved the clinical effect by following-up. Results The angle between fibular head and stem (M) was(170±8)°, angle of fibular head sadacc(N) was (145 ±6)°, length(1.5±0.2)cm and width (1.4±0.2)cm; angle between medial malleolus and stem(1) was(152±8)°, length of the articular surface of medial malholus was(1.25 ± 0.2)cm and width (1.25 ± 0.2)cm. Angle between defect surface and tibia was(Q). Formula: angle of bone-severing X = L-N-Q, and apex at the upper 1/6 of the reversed articular surface of fibular. 6 cases with this method was completed, all healed at stage one, following-up 1 to 3 years, medial malleolos developed well and no epiphysis ossification anticipation, and the ankle joint has no inversion with its loadind and walking function good. Conclusion The fibular head epiphysis and the medial malleolus differ in shape to some extent, but good donor can be got by bone-severing, can repair the epiphysis and soft tissue defect of the medial malleolus at one stage with additional flap, developing with the child at the same time, it is a perfect method to reconstruct the traumatic defect of child medial malleohs.     

拇指桡背侧皮神经营养皮瓣修复拇指皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨拇指背桡侧皮神经营养血管蒂的岛状皮瓣修复拇指软组织缺损的临床效果。方法对19例拇指软组织缺损患者利用拇指背桡侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复,其中修复感觉神经15例。缺损面积：1.5cm×1.0cm～2.5cm×2.5cm;皮瓣面积：2.0cm×1.5cm～3.0cm×2.5cm。结果19例皮瓣全部成活。随访5～30个月,皮瓣外观及感觉良好,指腹两点分辨觉为6～10mm。指间关节活动范围0°～80°。结论该皮神经皮瓣手术操作简单,皮瓣外形好,部分皮瓣能恢复感觉,是修复拇指软组织缺损的理想方法。     

皮神经营养血管皮瓣在手和足软组织缺损中的应用

目的　应用皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复手和足踝部的软组织缺损。方法　以前臂外侧皮神经、桡神经浅支和腓肠神经为轴线 ,分别根据手或足踝部受区大小、部位及供、受区距离设计出逆行岛状皮瓣。结果　腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部创面 4例 ,前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部创面 1例 ,桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣修复拇指软组织撕脱伤 1例 ,皮瓣全部成活。结论　根据皮神经营养血管与皮肤血管相互交通的关系设计出的皮神经营养血管皮瓣 ,为手和足踝部软组织缺损的修复提供了血供可靠、简便快捷的新方法     

带血管蒂腓骨头骨骺截骨整形重建内踝的应用解剖与临床应用

Objective To provide an anatomical basis for repairing the medial malleolus with bone-severed vascularized fibular head epiphysis, and to explore the effect of clinical application with this method. Methods Figures of fibular head and medial malleolus were measured on 20 fresh lower limbs specimens of child age from 2 to 12 years old, then bone-severed formula was deduced. The bone-severed composite fibular head epiphysis to repair the defect of medial malleolus were carried for 6 child patients of emergency or post-poned cases on one stage. Obersved the clinical effect by following-up. Results The angle between fibular head and stem (M) was(170±8)°, angle of fibular head sadacc(N) was (145 ±6)°, length(1.5±0.2)cm and width (1.4±0.2)cm; angle between medial malleolus and stem(1) was(152±8)°, length of the articular surface of medial malholus was(1.25 ± 0.2)cm and width (1.25 ± 0.2)cm. Angle between defect surface and tibia was(Q). Formula: angle of bone-severing X = L-N-Q, and apex at the upper 1/6 of the reversed articular surface of fibular. 6 cases with this method was completed, all healed at stage one, following-up 1 to 3 years, medial malleolos developed well and no epiphysis ossification anticipation, and the ankle joint has no inversion with its loadind and walking function good. Conclusion The fibular head epiphysis and the medial malleolus differ in shape to some extent, but good donor can be got by bone-severing, can repair the epiphysis and soft tissue defect of the medial malleolus at one stage with additional flap, developing with the child at the same time, it is a perfect method to reconstruct the traumatic defect of child medial malleohs.     

带前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口缺损

目的探讨带前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部软组织缺损的方法。方法应用带前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部软组织缺损、瘢痕挛缩10例,皮瓣修复创面面积12cm×8cm～3cm×4cm。结果术后随访1～3年,9例皮瓣全部成活,1例远端出现部分坏死,皮瓣美观,外观满意,感觉及手功能恢复满意。结论带前臂皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口软组织缺损具有操作简便、血供丰富、质地薄、感觉恢复好、无需再次整形等优点,为修复虎口软组织缺损提供了一种新的方法。     

皮神经营养血管皮瓣在手和足软组织缺损中的应用

目的应用皮神经营养血管蒂逆行岛状皮瓣修复手和足踝部的软组织缺损.方法以前臂外侧皮神经、桡神经浅支和腓肠神经为轴线,分别根据手或足踝部受区大小、部位及供、受区距离设计出逆行岛状皮瓣.[HT5”H结果腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部创面4例,前臂外侧皮神经营养血管皮瓣修复虎口部创面1例,桡神经浅支营养血管皮瓣修复拇指软组织撕脱伤1例,皮瓣全部成活.结论根据皮神经营养血管与皮肤血管相互交通的关系设计出的皮神经营养血管皮瓣,为手和足踝部软组织缺损的修复提供了血供可靠、简便快捷的新方法.     

带血管蒂腓骨头骨骺截骨整形重建内踝的应用解剖与临床应用

Objective To provide an anatomical basis for repairing the medial malleolus with bone-severed vascularized fibular head epiphysis, and to explore the effect of clinical application with this method. Methods Figures of fibular head and medial malleolus were measured on 20 fresh lower limbs specimens of child age from 2 to 12 years old, then bone-severed formula was deduced. The bone-severed composite fibular head epiphysis to repair the defect of medial malleolus were carried for 6 child patients of emergency or post-poned cases on one stage. Obersved the clinical effect by following-up. Results The angle between fibular head and stem (M) was(170±8)°, angle of fibular head sadacc(N) was (145 ±6)°, length(1.5±0.2)cm and width (1.4±0.2)cm; angle between medial malleolus and stem(1) was(152±8)°, length of the articular surface of medial malholus was(1.25 ± 0.2)cm and width (1.25 ± 0.2)cm. Angle between defect surface and tibia was(Q). Formula: angle of bone-severing X = L-N-Q, and apex at the upper 1/6 of the reversed articular surface of fibular. 6 cases with this method was completed, all healed at stage one, following-up 1 to 3 years, medial malleolos developed well and no epiphysis ossification anticipation, and the ankle joint has no inversion with its loadind and walking function good. Conclusion The fibular head epiphysis and the medial malleolus differ in shape to some extent, but good donor can be got by bone-severing, can repair the epiphysis and soft tissue defect of the medial malleolus at one stage with additional flap, developing with the child at the same time, it is a perfect method to reconstruct the traumatic defect of child medial malleohs.