前臂皮瓣联合邻近组织瓣修复腭及上颌组织缺损早期疗效

目的探讨游离前臂皮瓣联合邻近组织瓣修复腭、上颌组织缺损的方法和疗效。方法 2005年3月-2010年5月收治17例腭及上颌部肿瘤患者。男11例,女6例;年龄45～74岁,平均62.5岁。良性肿瘤1例;恶性肿瘤16例,其中腭部鳞状细胞癌7例,腭部鳞状细胞癌术后复发1例,腭部恶性黑色素瘤1例,腭部腺样囊腺癌1例,上颌恶性黑色素瘤1例,上颌导管癌1例,上颌鳞状细胞癌4例。病灶切除后缺损范围为7.0cm×5.5cm～10.0cm×7.5cm;根据Brown等对上颌骨缺损的分类标准,Ⅱ类15例,Ⅲ类2例;合并眶底、眶下缘骨质缺损2例。根据腭、上颌组织缺损类型,以游离前臂皮瓣联合颊脂垫行即刻修复11例,以游离前臂皮瓣联合颊脂垫及颞肌下颌骨骨肌瓣即刻修复6例。术后观察组织瓣成活情况及语言、吞咽、呼吸功能恢复情况及患者面部外形恢复情况。结果 17例前臂皮瓣和邻近组织瓣均成活;供区植皮均成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间6～12个月。肿瘤无复发。患者语言、吞咽、呼吸基本正常,无明显开口受限,面部外形满意,无严重畸形。合并眶底、眶下缘骨质缺损者,未出现眼球内陷。患者术后均无明显口鼻瘘,口、鼻腔功能恢复满意。结论根据腭、上颌组织缺损的情况,选择游离前臂皮瓣联合颊脂垫或颊脂垫及下颌骨骨肌瓣进行修复,可达到较好的早期疗效。     

颞肌蒂下颌骨瓣修复上颌骨缺损

目的 探讨颞肌蒂下颌骨瓣修复上颌骨缺损的临床疗效.方法 2008年3月至2010年5月,应用颞肌蒂下颌骨瓣修复10例因恶性肿瘤切除造成的上颌骨缺损,其中鳞状细胞癌6例,导管癌、骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、恶性黑色素瘤各1例.独立修复1例,联合软组织瓣修复9例.结果10例骨瓣均成活,术后随访12 ～36个月,平均18个月,除1例软骨肉瘤患者术后复发外,其余9例面部外形和功能均恢复满意,供区未见并发症.结论 应用颞肌蒂下颌骨瓣修复上颌骨缺损具有操作简单易行、安全可靠,并发症少等优点,是修复上颌骨缺损的较理想术式.     

游离前臂皮瓣与钛网联合修复上颌骨缺损

目的观察游离前臂皮瓣与钛网联合修复上颌骨缺损的临床效果.方法 2002年1月～2002年11月,对3例上颌牙龈癌、1例腭部黏液表皮样癌和1例上颌窦癌分别行上颌骨次全切除或全切除术,术后遗留上颌骨缺损用 4 cm×5 cm～6 cm×7 cm大小的游离前臂皮瓣与钛网联合修复.术后通过临床检查、CT和鼻内窥镜检查评价其效果. 结果 5例患者均获5～15个月随访,无肿瘤复发,移植皮瓣全部成活,面部外形及牙槽突和腭部形态恢复良好,鼻腔面钛网被软组织覆盖,语言和吞咽功能恢复良好.其中2例已行可摘局部义齿修复. 结论游离前臂皮瓣和钛网联合应用是上颌骨缺损较理想的修复方法.     

上颌缺损即刻重建中不同组织瓣的应用

目的 研究采用颞肌筋膜瓣、前臂皮瓣、非血管化髂骨瓣及种植体即时修复上颌缺损的方法以及临床效果。方法 1999年2月～2002年7月对8例腭部、上颌骨恶性或边界性肿瘤的患者行肿瘤扩大切除及上颌骨次全切除术，其中男6例，女2例，年龄32～49岁，病程3个月～2年。硬腭部鳞癌Ⅰ级4例，单侧成釉细胞瘤2例，基底细胞综合痣1例，粘液瘤1例，均无淋巴结转移。对术后的上颌缺损，采用颞肌筋膜瓣 前臂皮瓣 非血管化髂骨瓣 种植体即刻修复的方法进行重建。结果 术后游离髂骨及前臂皮瓣均成活，口内创面Ⅰ期愈合，植入的种植体可以实现骨结合并完成义齿修复，行使功能。6～12个月后复查X线片见植入的游离髂骨与周围骨愈合良好，患者面部外形及咀嚼、发音等功能均恢复满意。结论 颞肌筋膜瓣 前臂皮瓣 非血管化髂骨瓣 种植体是上颌缺损即刻修复并重建功能的较满意的方法。     

应用前臂游离皮瓣折叠法修复大型腭部洞穿性缺损

目的 探讨大型腭部洞穿性缺损修复的方法.方法 2003年至2006年,我们应用前臂游离皮瓣折叠法为7例患者进行了腭部洞穿性缺损修复,共使用皮瓣8块,其中前臂游离皮瓣7块,胸大肌岛状瓣1块.结果 除1例前臂游离皮瓣因动脉栓塞失败外,其余组织瓣完全成活,再造腭部形态良好.患者可经口腔正常进食,并进行基本正常的语言交流.结论 利用前臂游离皮瓣折叠法进行大型腭部洞穿性缺损的修复,是一种有效可行的方法.     

应用吻合血管的骨肌皮瓣修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死

目的探讨下颌骨放射性骨坏死所致颌面部组织缺损的修复手段。方法对下颌骨放射性骨坏死行死骨扩大切除术，同期用吻合血管的骨肌(皮)瓣移植修复颌面部组织缺损。共有髂骨肌皮瓣9例、髂骨肌瓣串联前臂皮瓣5例、腓骨肌皮瓣5例以及腓骨肌瓣串联前臂皮瓣1例修复20例下颌骨骨坏死。结果临床随访1～5年，除1例髂骨肌皮瓣坏死外其余均正常成活。吻合血管的骨肌皮瓣移植成功率达95％。结论下颌骨放射性骨坏死应行死骨扩大切除术，同期用吻合血管的骨肌(皮)瓣移植可以有效修复手术所致的颌面部组织缺损。     

放射性下颌骨坏死术后缺损的游离腓骨肌皮瓣重建

目的 评价游离腓骨（肌）皮瓣重建放射性下颌骨坏死术后缺损的临床效果。方法 以带肌袖和不带肌袖的游离腓骨（肌）瓣重建放射性下颌骨坏死手术切除后的骨缺损，以皮岛修复瘘周软组织缺损，记录腓骨截骨、组织瓣存活情况，供区、受区并发症，术后张口度和余留牙咬合情况，对颌面部外形和功能重建进行评价。结果 随访3～16个月，4例带肌袖腓骨肌皮瓣、5例不带肌袖腓骨皮瓣重建下颌骨缺损均获成功。下颌骨截骨长度6、0～17．0cm，切取腓骨长度8．6～17．0cm。腓骨截成三段2例，二段5例，截成二段后折叠2例。无1例发生严重供区或受区并发症。所有病例外形恢复良好，双侧下颌角处于同一平面，无中线偏斜，开口度2．5～3．3cm，余留牙咬合正常。义齿修复后咀嚼功能满意。结论 游离腓骨（肌）皮瓣存活率高，外形和功能恢复好，适合于放射性下颌骨坏死术后颌面部软硬组织缺损的即刻重建。     

应用显微外科技术修复小腿远端皮肤组织缺损

目的 报道应用带蒂逆行皮瓣、肌皮瓣及吻合血管游离皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复小腿远端1／3皮肤组织缺损的治疗临床效果。方法 临床应用61例，分别为急诊、延期、Ⅱ期应用5种带蒂逆行皮瓣、肌皮瓣修复小腿远端1／3皮肤组织缺损及延期、Ⅱ期应用2种吻合血管游离皮瓣或肌皮瓣修复小腿远端1／3大面积的皮肤组织缺损。结果 有2例吻合血管游离皮瓣移植，术后出现血管危象，经手术探查而成活，2例带蒂肌瓣出现远端部分坏死，经换药而愈。其余病例均全部成活。本组病例的肢体功能大部分恢复，外形满意。结论 应用显微外科方法修复小腿远端1／3皮肤组织缺损是安全、简便的方法，可获得良好的临床效果。     

带皮管蒂前臂皮瓣移植修复颌面部软组织缺损

目的：介绍前臂皮瓣带皮管蒂移植修复颌面部软组织缺损的方法。方法：应用带皮管蒂前辟以瓣移植修复颌面部软组织缺损4例,对其进行临床经验总结,结果：4例皮瓣均成活,软组织缺损修复后外形满意,无感染等并发症。结论：前臂皮瓣带皮管蒂移植解决了受区供给血管限制的问题,拓展了该皮瓣的应用途径,与局部区域条件差,无条件游离使用时,带皮管蒂前臂移植是颌面部软组织缺损修复可供采用的有效方法。     

应用游离组织瓣修复颌面部肿瘤术后组织缺损

目的 探讨游离组织瓣在口腔颌面外科组织缺损中应用的临床效果及优缺点.方法 联合口腔颌面外科,行前臂皮瓣10例.股前外侧皮瓣5例,腓骨皮瓣2例,修复口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后的皮肤软组织及下颌骨缺损.结果 术后1例舌癌病例死亡.其余病例皮瓣均完全成活,并获2.O个月～1.5年的随访.修复舌癌根治术后舌部缺损的病例中,发音较好6例,口齿欠清2例,均可正常进食;4例颊癌病例,术后均感外观较满意,吞咽、咀嚼无明显影响;3例牙龈癌根治术后.效果较好:2例下颌骨肿瘤病例,骨折端已愈合,已行种植牙,患者对外观较满意.结论 前臂皮瓣、股前外侧皮瓣、腓骨皮瓣安全可靠.简便易行,基本能够满足口腔颌面部肿瘤切除术后的组织缺损的修复,取得较好的临床效果.     

Recycling a flap: Making a perforator flap from a previous gluteal fasciocutaneous flap

Abstract

We report a case of raising a previous gluteal fasciocutaneous flap again as a perforator-based flap to cover a recurrent defect. This case illustrates that conventional flap tissue with a preserved perforator can be recycled as a perforator flap, and that this method can be an efficient surgical option for recurrent defects.     

Accordion flap

The accordion flap is proposed as a means of covering a rhombic defect. A prominent feature of the method presented is in the preparation of a flap on one side of the skin defect, resulting in little dog ear.     

Distally-based superficial sural flap: Advantages of the adipofascial over the fasciocutaneous flap

Abstract

The distally-based superficial sural flap has proved to be an easy and reliable method of reconstruction in soft tissue cover of the distal third part of the leg. There are two ways to prepare this flap: as a fasciocutaneous flap, which includes the fascia with the subcutaneous tissue including the skin; or as an adipofascial flap, which is made up of both the fascia and the subcutaneous adipose tissue. In the latter case, the flap is covered with a partial thickness skin graft either immediately after or at a later stage. The aim of this study was to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the two flaps. The adipofascial flap seems to be better, as it is associated with less donor site morbidity, improved quality of reconstruction, and fewer complications.     

肌瓣和皮瓣对肢体骨折抗感染的对比研究

目的利用新西兰白兔作为动物模型,对比肌瓣和皮瓣的抗感染能力,为修复肢体软组织缺损选择一种良好的修复瓣。方法自2003年3~5月,以20只新西兰白兔作为动物模型,随机分为肌瓣修复组和皮瓣修复组,每组各10只。切除兔的股四头肌和其下前半侧骨膜,暴露股骨干,用电踞切下4.0mm×15.0mm的皮质骨,浸泡在0.2ml浓度为5×105CFU/ml的细菌盐水溶液中,30min后骨块回植原位。以腹壁下动脉为蒂的腹直肌肌瓣和以腹壁浅动脉为蒂的下腹部皮瓣,转位修复兔的大腿创面。结果术后皮瓣组骨块感染的白兔为8只,肌瓣组感染的为1只。血中白细胞水平,经重复设计的方差分析得出两组间P<0.001。说明肌皮瓣在控制骨块感染方面优于皮瓣。结论肌瓣在四肢骨外露和感染创面的修复中,具有很强的抗感染能力。在肢体开放的粉碎性骨折中,采用肌瓣修复其软组织缺损是一种良好的选择。     

小腿前外侧的皮瓣及筋膜瓣的临床应用

目的介绍小腿前外侧的皮瓣筋膜瓣的应用解剖、手术方式、方法及临床应用。方法在14侧成人下肢标本及1条断腿上,观察了腓浅血管的起始部位、行程及皮支的分布情况,设计了小腿前外侧组织瓣的4种术式。1988年以来,临床应用26例。结果术后皮瓣筋膜瓣全部成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合23例,Ⅱ期愈合3例,20例随访4个月到5年,情况稳定良好,无复发。结论手术操作简单、安全可靠,对供区影响小,是修复小腿及对侧踝及跟部后方创面及治疗胫骨慢性骨髓炎的一种可供选用的方法。     

Flag flap - Kite flap Dorsal metacarpal flap

The flag flap is a pedicled dorsal digital flap, combining a skin paddle (the “flag”) and a vascular pedicle (the flag “pole”). Its vascularisation depends on the dorsal metacarpal arteries (DMCA). It has been described in 1963, by Holevitch [1] with harvest of a cutaneovascular pole; it has been brilliantly modified in 1979 by Foucher et al. [2–4] under the form of a unipedicled “kite” flap, although we would like to point out that Vilain has been using it since 1952 [5]. Usually harvested from the dorsum of the metacarpophalangeal region of the index finger, this flap is reliable, but it is more uncertain and less movable at the level of the other digits. Owing to its small size, it proves useful in hand traumatology because it does not sacrifice any major vascular axis. The kite flap is considered as a sensory flap (presence of a nerve supply) with a two-point discrimination, which can be assessed from 11 to 16 mm [1–6].     

Experience with the forearm septofascial flap

Summary Fascia has a well vascularized surface, and when it is covered with a split skin graft, it provides the thinnest possible flap. The authors present their own experience with the use of the forearm septofascial flap in 23 patients. A free septofascial flap was used in 15 patients and an island flap in 8 patients. Seven days later, only 25% of the patients had complete take of the split skin graft, while in 60% of the cases, there was only partial take of the graft. The results at 6 months, regarding appearance of the flap and donor site, were good. In 2 patients, a composite osteofascial flap was used for reconstruction of the mandible. In those patients, the viability of the bone was assessed with scintigraphy. There were no significant complications with the donor site. The forearm septofascial flap proved to be a good and reliable method of reconstruction in those parts of the body where thin cover was required. Constant anatomy and minimal postoperative complications are great advantages of the forearm septofascial flap when compared with other fascial flaps.     

Alternative techniques for pedicle transfer of an island flap and a free flap

Alternative techniques for pedicle transfer of a reverse radial forearm flap for hand coverage, and a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap for pelvic wound coverage, are illustrated. Exteriorization of the vascular pedicle of a reverse radial forearm flap allows a greater arc of movement of the flap for more distal coverage, and avoids the potential vascular compromise of tunnelling under a tight skin bridge. Two-stage transfer of a latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap on a wrist carrier pedicle may be useful in circumstances when local recipient vessels are inadequate for free flap transfer. Although both of these vascular pedicle modifications have drawbacks, they may be of value in limited circumstances. Their advantages and limitations are discussed.     

皮瓣延迟后对皮瓣预制时间影响的实验研究

为了探寻缩短皮瓣预制时间的新方法，作者设计了两组皮瓣预制方法进行比较。Ａ组为皮瓣延迟实验组，Ｂ组为正常皮瓣预制对照组。皮瓣预制后２周进行血管灌注检查和皮瓣移植。结果：Ａ组皮瓣成活范围大，植入血管与原皮瓣之间血管吻合支多；Ｂ组皮瓣成活面积小，血管网形成范围小，吻合支少。结论：皮瓣延迟后皮瓣预制时间可大大缩短，从而缩短了手术周期。