硒对大鼠肝细胞凋亡和原癌基因c-myc、c-fos和c-jun表达的影响

目的　研究亚硒酸钠对大鼠肝细胞凋亡和原癌基因c myc、c fos和c jun表达的影响。方法　选用大鼠 ,每组 5只 ,用 5、10和 2 0 μmol/kg亚硒酸钠腹腔注射染毒。用末端标记法 (TUNEL)、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡 ,用Northern斑点杂交方法研究原癌基因c myc、c fos和c jun的表达。结果　 5、10和 2 0 μmol/kg的亚硒酸钠染毒大鼠 ,不仅能诱导大鼠肝细胞凋亡 ,细胞凋亡率均较对照组 ( 2 2 2± 0 43 ) %显著增高 ,分别为 ( 3 72± 1 76) % (P <0 0 5 )、( 5 82± 1 42 ) % (P <0 0 1)和 ( 11 76± 1 87) % (P <0 0 1) ,而且还存在着明显的剂量 反应关系。 5、10和 2 0 μmol/kg的亚硒酸钠也能引起大鼠肝细胞c myc、c fos和c junmRNA明显增多 ,免疫组化分析可以检测到表达产物c Myc ,c Fos和c Jun蛋白 ,说明这 3种原癌基因表达增强。结论　一定剂量的亚硒酸钠可以诱导大鼠肝细胞凋亡和原癌基因c myc、c fos和c jun的表达增强     

STAT3反义寡核苷酸联合放疗对喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的:观察STAT3反义寡核苷酸(STAT3 AS-ON)联合放疗对喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响.方法:体外培养Hep-2细胞,应用STAT3 AS-ON转染Hep-2细胞后,将培养细胞按是否进行放疗分为未放疗组与放疗组,未放疗组根据转染复合物的不同分为反义组、正义组及空白对照组,而放疗组分为反义 放疗组、正义 放疗组及放疗对照组.根据转染复合物的浓度(100、200、400 nmol/L)又将对应各组分为反义100、反义200、反义400、正义100、正义200、正义400组.其中放疗组Hep-2细胞给予γ射线(5 Gy)照射.MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率.结果:反义 放疗组的细胞存活率明显低于正义 放疗组和放疗对照组(P＜0.01),且随着STAT3 AS-ON转染浓度的增加而降低,反义 放疗组的细胞凋亡率明显高于正义 放疗组和放疗对照组(P＜0.01),而正义 放疗组和放疗对照组相比差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:STAT3 AS-ON联合γ射线作用于Hep-2细胞后,细胞增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用明显增强,表明选择性阻断细胞内STAT3信号转导通路联合放疗可能为喉癌的综合治疗提供新的途径.     

STAT3反义寡核苷酸联合放疗对喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响

目的:观察STAT3反义寡核苷酸(STAT3 AS-ON)联合放疗对喉癌Hep-2细胞增殖、凋亡的影响.方法:体外培养Hep-2细胞,应用STAT3 AS-ON转染Hep-2细胞后,将培养细胞按是否进行放疗分为未放疗组与放疗组,未放疗组根据转染复合物的不同分为反义组、正义组及空白对照组,而放疗组分为反义+放疗组、正义+放疗组及放疗对照组.根据转染复合物的浓度(100、200、400 nmol/L)又将对应各组分为反义100、反义200、反义400、正义100、正义200、正义400组.其中放疗组Hep-2细胞给予γ射线(5 Gy)照射.MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率.结果:反义+放疗组的细胞存活率明显低于正义+放疗组和放疗对照组(P＜0.01),且随着STAT3 AS-ON转染浓度的增加而降低,反义+放疗组的细胞凋亡率明显高于正义+放疗组和放疗对照组(P＜0.01),而正义+放疗组和放疗对照组相比差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:STAT3 AS-ON联合γ射线作用于Hep-2细胞后,细胞增殖抑制和诱导凋亡作用明显增强,表明选择性阻断细胞内STAT3信号转导通路联合放疗可能为喉癌的综合治疗提供新的途径.     

血管内皮生长因子反义寡核苷核对前列腺癌细胞PC3生长特性的影响

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)反义寡核苷核对前列腺癌细胞PC3生长特性的影响。方法采用新型脂质体Oligofectamine携带VEGF反义寡核苷酸转染激素非依赖性前列腺癌细胞PC3,实验分为对照组、反义寡核苷核苷酸组和正义寡核苷酸组。Western Blot杂交的方法检测细胞VEGF蛋白的表达,四甲基偶氮唑蓝法(MTT)检测细胞增殖变化,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡情况。结果新型脂质体可以携带VEGF反义寡核苷酸转染前列腺癌细胞PC3,与对照组和正义寡核苷酸组比较,反义寡核苷酸组细胞VEGF蛋白的表达明显下降,增殖受到明显抑制,凋亡率增加。结论新型脂质体Oligofectamine可以携带VEGF反义寡核苷酸成功转染前列腺癌细胞PC3,抑制VEGF的表达,进而抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡。     

原发性肝癌病人不同方法治疗后c-myc基因表达和细胞凋亡的关系

目的　比较不同方法治疗原发性肝癌细胞凋亡和c myc蛋白表达的关系。 方法　采用原位末端标记法 (ISEL)和SAB免疫组化法对 12 0例原发性肝癌分组测定细胞凋亡和c myc蛋白的不同的表达。 结果　治疗组细胞凋亡阳性率和c myc蛋白表达的阳性率均高于对照组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ,肝癌细胞凋亡指数(0 2 90 1)明显高于对照组凋亡指数 (0 0 188,P <0 0 1) ;直径≥ 10cm中晚期肝癌生存率低于直径 <10cm中晚期肝癌 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1) ;细胞凋亡与c myc蛋白表达呈正相关 (γ =0 5 6 4 5 ,P <0 0 5 )。治疗组的疗效均高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;联合治疗高于单项治疗 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　c myc蛋白表达水平升高与肝癌细胞凋亡有关 ,联合治疗效果较好     

bcl-2反义硫代磷酸寡核苷酸对模拟缓解骨髓中白血病细胞的凋亡诱导作用

目的探讨bcl-2反义硫代磷酸寡核苷酸(AS-ODN)对模拟缓解骨髓中白血病细胞的凋亡诱导作用。方法将模拟急性髓性白血病缓解骨髓(正常骨髓与HL-60细胞按1000:1的比例混合)分别与终浓度为10μM的bcl-2反义寡核苷酸(反义组)和bcl-2正义寡核苷酸(正义组)共培养72小时,同时设置空白对照组,观察细胞凋亡现象。结果反义组药物作用48~72小时后,流式细胞仪和DNA电泳检测到反义组出现细胞凋亡现象,而空白对照组和正义组均未检测到细胞凋亡现象。结论bcl-2AS-ODN可诱导模拟缓解骨髓中白血病细胞的凋亡,是其应用于体外净化的基本条件。     

氯沙坦对在体实验性大鼠心肌缺血再灌注诱导的心肌细胞凋亡及基因表达影响的研究

目的　研究氯沙坦对大鼠在体心肌缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡的影响及bcl 2和bax基因表达。方法　采用末端标记、原位杂交、免疫组织化学 3种方法分别检测细胞凋亡、基因表达产物的mRNA和蛋白质 ,通过图像分析系统测量阳性染色区域的平均吸光度对原位杂交和免疫组织化学检测物质进行量化处理。结果　细胞凋亡数目手术对照组为 (38± 9)个 /HP ,假手术组为 (0～ 1 )个 /HP ,药物治疗组为 (9± 4)个 /HP ,各组间差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ;原位杂交bcl 2手术对照组为 0 0 75± 0 0 2 0 ,假手术组为 0 0 60± 0 0 1 0 ,治疗组为 0 0 76±0 0 1 4 ,免疫组织化学bcl 2手术对照组为 0 1 37± 0 0 1 4 ,假手术组为 0 0 85± 0 0 1 9,治疗组为 0 1 2 5± 0 0 2 1 ,对照组、治疗组的升高与假手术组之间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5) ,治疗组和对照组之间差异无显著性 (P >0 1 ) ;免疫组织化学bax手术对照组为 0 0 97± 0 0 2 2、假手术组为 0 0 62± 0 0 1 4、治疗组为 0 0 62± 0 0 1 4 ,对照组的升高与治疗组、假手术组间差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,治疗组和假手术组之间差异无显著性 (P >0 9) ;bcl 2 /bax比值手术对照组为 1 41 3 ,假手术组为 1 376 ,治疗组为 2 0 1 6。结论　氯?     

端粒酶反义hTR和反义hTERT合用对宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨端粒酶反义hTR和反义hTERT联合作用于宫颈癌HeLa细胞,对HeLa细胞凋亡的影响。方法实验分空白对照组、脂质体对照组、正义hTR组、正义hTERT组、反义hTR组、反义hTERT组及反义hTR+反义hTERT组。分别采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法(MTT)、逆转录聚合酶链反应技术-端粒重复序列扩增(TRAP)酶联免疫法(ELISA)、吖啶橙染色法、流式细胞术检测宫颈癌HeLa细胞转染反义hTR和反义hTERT后细胞的端粒酶活性、形态学、凋亡和周期的改变。结果宫颈癌HeLa细胞转染端粒酶反义核酸后,出现明显的细胞凋亡形态学改变,端粒酶活性抑制率、凋亡率增高及细胞周期阻滞,与空白对照组、脂质体对照组及正义核酸组比较,统计学上差异有显著性(P<0.01)。HeLa细胞转染0.2μmol·L-1反义hTR+反义hTERT72h后,端粒酶活性抑制率、细胞凋亡率分别为80.5%、28.6%,与反义hTR组和反义hTERT组比较(端粒酶活性抑制率、细胞凋亡率分别为hTR:62.7%、13.2%;hTERT:66.5%、13.7%),差异有显著性(P<0.01,q值分别为0.919、1.075)。反义hTR+反义hTERT组比反义hTR组和反义hTERT组细胞凋亡的形态学改变更明显,反义hTR+反义hTERT组G0/G1期细胞比例增加(G1期细胞比例为57.8%,空白对照组G1期细胞比例为50.7%)。结论端粒酶反义核酸能通过抑制端粒酶活性诱导细胞凋亡,端粒酶反义hTERT和反义hTR有协同效应。     

NR2A反义寡核苷酸对短暂性脑缺血/再灌注大鼠海马神经元损伤的保护作用

目的探讨NMDA受体亚单位2A(NR2A)反义寡核苷酸在短暂性脑缺血/再灌注大鼠海马神经元损伤中的保护作用,为研制和开发针对NR2A的特异性新药提供理论基础和形态学依据。方法健康♂SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、假手术对照组和缺血/再灌注组。经生理盐水、错义寡核苷酸和反义寡核苷酸预处理后,以四血管阻断法建立短暂性全脑缺血(15min)/再灌注(1、2、3和5d)动物模型。在确定的时间点进行灌注固定、取材、石蜡包埋和组织切片(片厚8μm),然后行TUNEL反应、焦油紫染色、原位杂交染色以及免疫组织化学染色。结果短暂性脑缺血/再灌注(I/R)3d,大鼠海马CA1区出现大量的凋亡阳性细胞;I/R5d大鼠海马CA1区细胞严重受损,与对照组相比二组差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。经NR2A反义寡核苷酸预处理后,I/R3d和I/R5d海马CA1区的细胞凋亡和细胞损伤明显减轻,与对照组相比二组差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。NR2A反义寡核苷酸能抑制I/R1d NR2A mRNA表达和I/R2d蛋白质表达,与对照组相比差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论短暂性全脑缺血后,NR2A反义寡核苷酸能明显地减轻缺血诱导的大鼠海马CA1区细胞凋亡和细胞损伤,且这种作用与NR2A反义寡核苷酸特异性抑制NR2A及其mRNA的表达密切相关。     

穿心莲内酯对人食管癌Ec9706细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:探讨穿心莲内酯(AD)对人食管癌Ec9706细胞增殖、克隆形成、细胞周期和细胞凋亡的影响。方法:分别以四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)比色法和平板克隆形成法评价AD对Ec9706细胞增殖和克隆形成的抑制作用;通过流式细胞术、细胞原位凋亡检测(TUNEL)和Annexin·V／PI法观察AD诱导细胞凋亡。结果:AD显著抑制Ec9706细胞的增殖,IC_(50)值为28．6μg·mL~(-1),也显著抑制Ec9706细胞的克隆形成,IC_(50)值为1．7μg·mL~(-1)。AD 30和60μg·mL~(-1)组G_0/G_1期的细胞比例较对照组显著增加[(65．6±1．9)%,(60．5±1．1)% vs．(50．6±0．9)%,P＜0．01],凋亡细胞比例也显著大干对照组[(17．9±2．6)%,(39．4±1．7)％vs．(0．5±0．2)%,P＜0．01]。结论:AD抑制人食管癌Ec9706细胞的增殖和克隆的形成,阻滞细胞周期于G_0/G_1期并诱导细胞凋亡。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Comparison of in vitro cell models in predicting in vivo brain entry of drugs

Although several in vitro models have been reported to predict the ability of drug candidates to cross the blood-brain barrier, their real in vivo relevance has rarely been evaluated. The present study demonstrates the in vivo relevance of simple unidirectional permeability coefficient (P(app)) determined in three in vitro cell models (BBMEC, Caco-2 and MDCKII-MDR1) for nine model drugs (alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol, entacapone, tolcapone, baclofen, midazolam and ondansetron) by using dual probe microdialysis in the rat brain and blood as an in vivo measure. There was a clear correlation between the P(app) and the unbound brain/blood ratios determined by in vivo microdialysis (BBMEC r=0.99, Caco-2 r=0.91 and MDCKII-MDR1 r=0.85). Despite of the substantial differences in the absolute in vitro P(app) values and regardless of the method used (side-by-side vs. filter insert system), the capability of the in vitro models to rank order drugs was similar. By this approach, thus, the additional value offered by the true endothelial cell model (BBMEC) remains obscure. The present results also highlight the need of both in vitro as well as in vivo methods in characterization of blood-brain barrier passage of new drug candidates.