替米沙坦逆转原发性高血压心肌肥厚的作用

目的 :观察替米沙坦降压疗效及对原发性高血压 (EH)左室肥厚 (LVH)的逆转作用。方法 :对 33例EH并LVH者给予口服替米沙坦片 4 0～ 80mg ,每日 1次 ,疗程 12周 ,每周测血压 1次 ,并用超声心动图观察治疗前后LVH和左室舒张功能的改变。结果 :替米沙坦可有效降低EH患者的收缩压和舒张压 ,明显改善舒张期室间隔厚度、左室后壁厚度 ,且左室重量指数较治疗前明显减少 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :替米沙坦能有效地控制血压 ,且对EH的LVH有逆转作用。     

醛固酮拮抗剂对原发性高血压心肌纤维化的影响

目的 :观察醛固酮拮抗剂———螺内酯对原发性高血压 (EH)患者心肌纤维化的影响。方法 :将 5 7例EH患者随机分为A组 (2 9例 ) :单用贝那普利 (10mg/d) ,B组 (2 8例 ) :等量贝那普利加螺内酯 (2 0mg/d)。应用放射免疫分析技术测血清Ⅲ型前胶原末端肽 (PⅢP)、Ⅳ型前胶原末端肽 (PⅣP)含量 ;采用多普勒超声心动图仪测定左室结构及舒缩功能变化。结果 :两组患者治疗 6个月后 ,平均动脉压、PⅢP、PⅣP及室间隔舒张末期厚度、左室后壁厚度、左室重量指数较治疗前均有下降 (P <0 .0 5或 <0 .0 1) ,以B组下降更明显 ;舒张末期左室内径A组治疗前后无变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,B组治疗后有所下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;两组治疗后二尖瓣血流舒张早期流速和心房收缩期流速之比均有上升 (P <0 .0 5或 <0 .0 1) ,以A组上升更明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;左室收缩功能指标治疗前后无明显变化。两组治疗后均无明显副作用发生。结论 :EH患者在接受血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗同时 ,再联用螺内酯 ,能更完全抑制肾素 血管紧张素 醛固酮系统 ,避免“醛固酮逃逸”现象 ,显著减轻心肌纤维化程度 ,改善左室肥厚及心脏舒张功能     

缬沙坦对高血压合并心房颤动发生率、左心室肥厚逆转和左心室舒张功能的影响

目的 探讨缬沙坦对高血压合并心房颤动发生率、逆转左心室(左室)肥厚和左室舒张功能的影响.方法 高血压合并房颤经电转复或药物恢复窦性心律患者210例,随机分为缬沙坦组和氨氯地平组.观察两组患者1年内房颤复发率及其与高血压左室肥厚的关系;比较治疗前后心脏超声参数:左室舒张末期室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后璧厚度(LVPWT)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)、左房前后径(LADd)、左室质量指数(LVMI)和左心室舒张功能指标;随访治疗期间心脑血管事件的发生.结果 缬沙坦组房颤复发率较氨氯地平组明显降低(P＜0.01).LVH组94例与非LVH组47例房颤发生率分别为66.67%和33.34%(P＜0.01).治疗后缬沙坦组IVST、LVP-WT、LVEDd、LADd、LVMI较治疗前均有明显下降(P＜0.01),氨氯地平组只有LVMI较治疗前有明显下降(P＜0.01).治疗后左室舒张功能指标缬沙坦组明显优于氨氯地平组(P＜0.01).治疗期间缬沙坦组心脑血管事件的发生率明显低于氨氯地平组(P＜0.01).结论 (1)缬沙坦与胺碘酮联合应用能减少高血压合并房颤的复发;(2)缬沙坦能够逆转原发性高血压引起的左室肥厚,改善左室舒张功能,降低房颤患者心脑血管事件的发生.     

络丁新络活喜对原发性高血压左室肥厚的影响

目的　观察络丁新络活喜降压疗效及对原发性高血压 (EH)左室肥厚 (LVH )的影响。方法　将 85例EH并LVH随机分为两组 ,分别给予络丁新 (剂量 10mg ,qd或Bid) ,络活喜 (剂量 5mg ,qd或Bid) ,疗程 1年 ,于服药前和服药后 6、12个月测血压 ,同时用超声心动图观察左心室舒张末期内径 (LVDd) ,心室间隔舒张末期厚度 (IVST) ,左心室后壁舒张末期厚度 (PWT)及左心室重量指数 (LVMI)。结果　两种药均能有效降低EH患者收缩压及舒张压 (P <0 0 1) ,明显改善LVDd ,IVST ,PWT(P <0 0 1) ,LVMI(P <0 0 0 1)。结论　络丁新络活喜能有效控制血压 ,且对EH的LVH有逆转作用     

缬沙坦与安体舒通联合治疗对原发性高血压心肌细胞外基质重塑的影响

目的　研究缬沙坦与安体舒通联合治疗对原发性高血压 (EH)心肌细胞外基质重塑的影响。方法　选择 76例EH患者 ,随机分为两组 :X组 ,缬沙坦 80mg/d ,X A组 ,缬沙坦 80mg/d加安体舒通 2 0mg/d ,疗程 6月 ,应用放射免疫分析技术检测用药前后血清Ⅲ型前胶原 (PⅢP)、Ⅳ型前胶原 (PⅣP)、透明质酸 (HA)的含量变化 ,同时应用超声心动图记录左室结构及舒缩功能参数。结果　两组患者治疗 6月后血压均明显下降 (P <0 0 1) ,两组血压下降幅度比较无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,两组患者PⅢP、PⅣP、HA治疗 6月后均有下降 ,X A组下降明显 (与X组比较P <0 0 1) ,两组伴左室肥厚患者 (2 6例和 2 7例 )治疗 6月后室间隔厚度 (IVSD)、左室后壁厚度 (LPWD)、左室舒张末期内径 (LVIDD)、左室重量指数 (LVMI)较治疗前均有下降 ,但以X A组下降更明显 (与X组比较 ,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,同时 ,X A组左室舒张和收缩功能也得到明显改善 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,两组均无明显不良反应发生。结论　缬沙坦与安体舒通联合治疗能更好地抑制肾素 -血管紧张素 -醛固酮系统 ,减轻心肌细胞外基质重塑 ,改善心室收缩和舒张功能 ,有利于提高EH患者的生活质量。     

缬沙坦与安体舒通联合治疗对原发性高血压心肌细胞外基质重塑的影响

目的研究缬沙坦与安体舒通联合治疗对原发性高血压(EH)心肌细胞外基质重塑的影响.方法选择76例EH患者,随机分为两组X组,缬沙坦80 mg/d,X+A组,缬沙坦80 mg/d加安体舒通20 mg/d,疗程6月,应用放射免疫分析技术检测用药前后血清Ⅲ型前胶原(PⅢP)、Ⅳ型前胶原(PⅣP)、透明质酸(HA)的含量变化,同时应用超声心动图记录左室结构及舒缩功能参数.结果两组患者治疗 6月后血压均明显下降(P<0.01),两组血压下降幅度比较无明显差异(P>0.05),两组患者PⅢP、PⅣP、HA治疗6月后均有下降,X+A组下降明显(与X组比较P<0.01),两组伴左室肥厚患者(26例和27例)治疗 6月后室间隔厚度(IVSD)、左室后壁厚度(LPWD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVIDD)、左室重量指数(LVMI)较治疗前均有下降,但以X+A组下降更明显(与X组比较,P<0.05,P<0.01),同时,X+A组左室舒张和收缩功能也得到明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.01),两组均无明显不良反应发生.结论缬沙坦与安体舒通联合治疗能更好地抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统,减轻心肌细胞外基质重塑,改善心室收缩和舒张功能,有利于提高EH患者的生活质量.     

原发性高血压患者颈动脉内-中膜厚度与左室肥厚的关系

目的 :探讨原发性高血压 (EH)患者颈动脉内 中膜厚度 (IMT)与左室肥厚 (LVH)之间的关系。方法 :用超声方法检测 93例EH患者与 32例对照组的颈动脉IMT、左室重量指数 (LVMI)。结果 :与对照组和EH1级患者比较 ,2、3级EH患者颈动脉IMT增厚 ,在EH患者中 ,4 1例伴有LVH ,其IMT较不伴LVH者增高 ,且与LVMI呈显著正相关 (r =0 .6 0 1,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :EH患者颈动脉IMT增加 ,与LVH密切相关。     

苯那普利及缬沙坦联合治疗对原发性高血压左室肥厚的逆转作用

目的 :探讨苯那普利、缬沙坦及两者联合用药对原发性高血压 (EH)患者左室肥厚 (LVH)的干预作用。方法 :EH伴有LVH患者 10 1例随机分成A组 (苯那普利 10mg/d ,36例 )、B组 (缬沙坦 80mg/d ,34例 )和C组 (苯那普利 10mg/d加缬沙坦 80mg/d ,31例 )。治疗 4周时若血压≥ 16 0 / 10 0mmHg(1mmHg =0 .133kPa) ,则苯那普利和缬沙坦剂量分别增加至 2 0mg/d和 16 0mg/d。总疗程共 2 6周 ,治疗前后用彩色超声多普勒检测左室相关数据 ,计算左室重量指数 (LVMI) ,并行 2 4h动态血压监测。结果 :① 3组治疗前后比较均能显著降低LV MI(P <0 .0 1)。其中A组和B组LVMI的降低差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但C组LVMI降低较A组、B组两组更为显著 ,差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。②分别比较 3组治疗前 2 4h平均收缩压、2 4h平均舒张压差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,治疗后 2 4h平均收缩压、2 4h平均舒张压均分别较治疗前显著降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,但治疗后 3组间比较均无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :苯那普利、缬沙坦均能逆转EH患者LVH ,苯那普利和缬沙坦联合用药能使这一作用更为显著 ,且这种协同作用与降压效应无关。     

血浆一氧化氮和血管紧张素Ⅱ在原发性高血压及左室肥厚中的作用

目的探讨血浆一氧化氮（NO）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）在原发性高血压（EH）患者中的变化,以及与左室肥厚（LVH）的相关性。方法分别选取EH伴LVH患者、EH不伴LVH患者及正常人各30例,检测血浆NO、AngⅡ水平及左室重量（LVM）,进行组间比较及相关分析。结果（1）EH伴LVH组血NO水平低于EH不伴LVH组、正常对照组俨〈0．01）,EH不伴LVH组NO水平低于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;（2）三组之间血AngⅡ水平与室间隔舒张末期厚度（IVS）、左室后壁舒张末期厚度（LVPW）、LVM呈正相关（P〈0．01或0．05）;（3）血压、LVM与NO呈负相关、与AngⅡ、LVM呈正相关（P〈0．01或0．05）。结论研究结果提示：血浆NO、AngⅡ参与了EH及LVH形成的病理生理过程。     

原发性高血压患者左房扩大的临床意义

目的 :观察原发性高血压 (EH)患者左心房内径 (LAD)的变化及其临床意义。方法 :36 0例EH患者应用彩色多普勒超声心动图仪及三导心电图仪 ,测定LAD、左室舒张末内径 (LVDd)、左室后壁厚度 (LVPWT)、室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左室射血分数 (LVEF)、E/A比值及静息心率 (RHR)。并与 2 2 5例健康体检者 (正常对照组 )比较。结果 :EH组LAD及RHR均较正常对照组显著增加。EH伴左室肥厚 (LVH)者RHR及LAD较无LVH及正常对照者显著增加 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,LAD及RHR与EF值呈显著负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。EH组LAD与RHR呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :EH患者LAD及RHR较正常对照者增加 ,35 %EH患者伴有左房 (LA)扩大。LA扩大与EH伴LVH及心功能减退有关 ,LA扩大与RHR增加有关。LA扩大可能是EH病情进展及心功能减退的标志。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.