急性下壁心肌梗塞心前导联ST段压低的意义

本文从87例急性下壁心肌梗塞病人中选出有心前导联对应性ST 段压低同时有冠脉造影结果的18例,无ST 段压低而有冠脉造影结果的8例。分析早期心电图心前导联ST 段改变与冠脉血管病变率间的关系发现,急性下壁心肌梗塞伴心前导联ST 段压低多见于多支血管病变的病人。     

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图ST段改变与冠状动脉病变、梗死部位的关系探讨

目的：探讨急性下壁心肌梗死心电图胸前导联ST段改变与冠状动脉病变、梗死部位的关系。方法：42例急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院后均做心电图检查．并于发病后4周内做选择性冠状动脉造影。结果：42例患者中，单支血管病变16例(占38．1％)，多支血管病变26例(占61．9％)，其中伴心电图胸前导联ST段改变者23例(占88．5％)。11例急性下壁合并正后壁心肌梗死者心电图胸前导联ST段压低者8例(占72．7％)。结论：急性下壁心肌梗死伴心电图胸前导联ST段改变者提示多支血管病变，伴心电图胸前导联ST段压低者多提示合并正后壁心肌梗死。     

急性下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段改变与冠脉病变的关系

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死(IAMI)患者胸前导联ST段改变与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变的关系。方法根据所选患者心电图胸前导联的ST段改变,将52例IAMI患者分为ST段正常组、ST段抬高组及ST段压低组,对所选患者进行选择性冠脉造影并比较各组患者冠脉病变情况。结果 ST段正常组18例,冠脉呈单支病变16例(88.9%),多支病变2例(11.1%);右冠脉远段病变10例。ST段抬高组13例,冠脉呈单支病变9例(69.2%),多支病变4例(30.8%);右冠脉近段病变6例,左前降支近段病变3例。ST段压低组21例,冠脉呈单支病变6例(28.6%),多支病变15例(71.4%);右冠脉远段病变11例,左前降支远段病变8例,回旋支远段病变6例(多支病变时,例数计算有重叠)。结论 IAMI伴胸前导联ST段压低者多提示冠脉多支病变,且远段病变多见;ST段抬高者多提示右冠脉及左前降支近段病变。     

冠脉造影分析急性下壁心肌梗死前侧壁导联ST段压低

目的　应用冠状动脉造影 ,分析急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图前壁或侧壁导联上ST段压低的临床义意。方法　 31例患者发病后第 1天标准 12导联心电图记录 ,前壁导联范围为V1 ～V4 ,侧壁导联范围为I、AVL、V5、V6 。患者均进行冠脉造影 ,2 5例 (80 % )自发病后 1个月内接受检查 ,6例于发病后2个月内接受冠脉造影 ,冠脉狭窄≥ 5 0 %被视为异常。结果　冠脉双支或双支以上病变者 ,特别是左旋支存在病变者 ,易发生侧壁导联ST段压低 ,P <0 0 5。前壁导联ST段低压者中 ,也以双支或双支以上病变为多。结论急性下壁心肌梗死时 ,出现前侧壁导联的ST段压低 ,为心肌缺血扩展的标志     

急性前壁心肌梗死伴Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段下移的原因分析

目的：研究急性前壁心肌梗死伴Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段下移的原因。方法：对40例急性前壁心肌梗死患者的早期心电图与冠状动脉造影结果进行对照分析。结果：急性前壁心肌梗死伴Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段下移的17例中，累及右冠状动脉和／或左回旋支者为76．2％，多支冠脉病变者为52．9％，与不伴Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段下移在统计上有显著性差异。结论：急性前壁心肌梗死伴Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联ST段下移，可能与多支冠状病变导致下壁心肌缺血损伤有关。     

急性下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段改变的临床意义

目的分析急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法选择38例急性下壁心肌梗死患者常规心电图及24h动态心电图进行对照分析。结果急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低(P<0.01);下壁伴正后壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低(P<0.01);下壁伴右心室心肌梗死与胸前导联ST段压低无明显关联(P<0.01);急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低者严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率较不伴胸前导联ST段压低者高(P<0.01)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低往往提示梗死范围大或同时存在心肌缺血、冠脉病变广泛、心功能损害较严重,并且严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增高,心肌酶峰值明显增高临床预后较差。     

ST段变化在急性下壁心肌梗死中的临床探讨

目的：分析ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死患者的冠脉病变。方法：68例ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死患者入院后急检肌钙蛋白T、常规18导联心电图，入院后2周内行冠状动脉造影，同时，观察心律失常及心衰的发生率。结果：ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低患者心衰发生率39．1％（18／46），心律失常发生率69．6％（32／46），多支血管病变占93．4％（43／46）；ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段正常患者心衰发生率13．6％（3／22），心律失常发生率36．3％（8／22），多支血管病变占22．7％（5／22）；两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论：ST段变化急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段异常常提示冠状动脉多支病变，预后差。     

老年急性下壁心肌梗死伴心前导联ST段压低的临床探讨

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死 (AIMI)时前壁导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法回顾性分析 6 8例首发AIMI患者的心电图和冠状动脉造影资料。结果AIMI伴前壁导联ST段压低组 (B组 )的血清肌酸激酶峰值为 ( 2 6 1.17± 4 2 .58)U L高于AIMI不伴前壁导联ST段压低组 (A组 ) ( 183.2 6± 4 1.37)U L(P <0 .0 5) ,左室射血分数B组 ( 49± 8) %低于A组 ( 58± 7) % ,(P <0 .0 5)。两组病变血管多涉及右侧冠状动脉 (RCA)。结论AIMI伴前壁导联ST段压低提示和多支血管病变有关 ,其梗死面积较大 ,射血分数较低     

急性下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的分析急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法选择84例急性下壁心肌梗死患者常规心电图及24h动态心电图进行对照分析。结果急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低（P〈0．01）;下壁伴正后壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低多于不伴胸前导联ST段压低（P〈0．01）;下壁伴右心室心肌梗死与胸前导联ST段压低无明显关联（P〈0．01）;急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低者严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率较不伴胸前导联ST段压低者高（P〈0．01）。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低往往提示梗死范围大或同时存在心肌缺血、冠脉病变广泛、心功能损害较严重,并且严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增高,心肌酶峰值明显增高临床预后较差。     

急性前壁和前壁合并下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图与冠状动脉血管造影所示病变之间的关系及预测价值

目的：探讨急性前壁和前壁合并下壁心肌梗死患者入院时心电图对冠状动脉造影所示病变之间的关系及预测价值。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2014年6月收治的248例前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死（ASTEMI）患者入院心电图及冠状动脉造影资料。按心电图下壁导联 ST 段变化将其分为：急性前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死合并下壁导联ST 段抬高组（ASTEMI + Ie）和急性前壁 ST 段抬高型心肌梗死合并下壁导联 ST 段压低组（ASTEMI + Id）;按冠状动脉造影结果分为：单支血管病变（SLAD）和多支血管病变（MAD）。结果心电图表现为 ASTEMI + Ie 者78例（31.5%）, ASTEMI + Id 者170例（68.5%）。冠状动脉造影有132例（53.2%）。ASTEMI + Ie 与 ASTEMI + Id 组中 SLAD、MAD 比率无显著差异（χ2=0.033,P >0.05）。ASTEMI + Id 患者中,aVL、V6导联出现 ST 段压低累及 MVD 情况均明显多于SLAD（χ2=17.015,χ2=21.147,P <0.01）。累及 LAD 的 MVD 患者中,aVL、V4、V5、V6导联 ST 段压低的比率明显多于SLAD 患者,差异均有统计学意义（ P <0.01）。结论当 ASTEMI 患者入院心电图下壁导联有对应性变化,前侧壁导联ST 段压低,则提示可能为 MVD 病变。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.