骨显像对未分化脊柱关节病的诊断价值

目的 探讨骶髂关节/骶骨放射性比值对未分化脊柱关节病（uSpA）的诊断价值。方法 对临床有腰腿症状、类风湿因子（RF）阴性、骶髂关节X线和CT检查可疑的76例不同年龄受检者的152个关节,进行SPECT全身骨显像及骶髂关节局部显像,取得不同部位的两组放射性比值。并与正常值比较。结果 76例uSpA患者152个骶髂关节中X线平片有16个异常,CT检查有41个异常,骨显像有94个骶髂关节/骶骨放射性比值升高,39例患者有髋关节和（或）胸锁关节、腰椎等其他关节病变,无异常发现19例。结论 核素骨显像诊断uSpA较X线及CT灵敏。     

骨显像对强直性脊柱炎的早期诊断价值

目的研究放射性核素骨显像对强直性脊柱炎(AS)早期诊断的价值.方法早期与可疑AS患者和对照组均行全身、局部及断层骨显像,测定骶髂关节/骶骨(SI/S)的放射性比值.结果早期与可疑AS患者的SI/S比值分别为1.53±0.11和1.57±0.10,与对照组(1.21±0.10)比较,差异均有显著性(t分别为11.9和15.0,P均<0.01).全身骨显像显示的5例AS患者腰椎及外周关节的病变X线平片均未能发现;AS患者椎骨断层显像可准确判断病变位置,还可发现平面显像不能显示或可疑的椎骨异常浓聚灶.结论放射性核素骨显像测定SI/S比值发现早期AS较X线平片灵敏;全身骨显像及断层显像对了解AS病变部位有明显优势.     

强直性脊柱炎核素关节显像

目的 探讨^99Tc^m-人免疫球蛋白（HIgG)与99Tc^m-亚甲基二膦酸盐（MDP）关节显像在强直性脊柱炎（AS）中的应用价值。方法 对经确诊的21例AS和18例活动期类风湿关节炎（RA）患者行^99Tc^m-HIgG全身显像，其中12例AS患者行^99Tc^m-MDP显像。结果 ①21例AS患者中20例^99Tc^m-HIgG显像示骶髂关节异常放射性增高；44个有临床症状或体征的外周关节中，32个显像异常，临床符合率75％，无一例累及手部小关节。②18例活动期RA患者^99Tcm-HIgG显像均有手部关节的异常改变，无一例累及骶髂关节。③12例AS患者^99Tc^m-HIgG与^99Tc^m-MDP显像比较显示：前者有11例骶髂关节异常放射性分布增高，而后者显像异常仅7例。31个临床累及的外周关节中，^99Tc^m-HIgG显像阳性24个，^99Tc^m-MDP显像异常16个，与临床符合率分别为77．4％和51．6％，差异有显著性（P＜0．025）。结论 ^99Tc^m-HIgG显像能较^99Tc^m-MDP显像更为准确地探测AS患者病变关节的炎症改变，帮助临床早期明确诊断。     

MRI和CT诊断早期强直性脊柱炎累及骶髂关节病变的应用分析

目的 探讨MRI和CT诊断强直性脊柱炎(AS)累及骶髂关节病变的临床价值。方法 选取收治的100例疑似AS骶髂关节病变患者，均行CT与MRI检查。分析CT与MRI对AS累及骶髂关节病变的诊断结果。结果 本组AS累及骶髂关节病变患者中MRI诊断阳性73例，CT诊断阳性63例。MRI诊断AS累及骶髂关节病变的敏感度、特异度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值、符合率均高于CT检查，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。MRI对AS累及骶髂关节面侵蚀、关节面下骨质囊变、关节软骨肿胀、骨髓水肿的诊断率高于CT检查，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),MRI与CT检查对于骶髂关节间隙增宽或狭窄、关节面增生硬化的诊断率比较，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AS累及骶髂关节患者的MRI主要表现为滑膜组织增厚，呈等长或略长T₁、长T₂信号，增强后呈中度至明显的强化，且关节软骨边缘毛糙，关节面下骨质内见片状异常信号。CT影像主要表现为关节面骨质呈锯齿状，且伴有多发小囊变，关节间隙模糊、变窄，受累处通常位于关节中下部，髂骨侧较为明显。结论 MRI早期诊断AS累...     

影像学对强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的影像学诊断价值。方法回顾性分析98例经临床证实的AS患者的骶髂关节CR、CT及MRI表现特点,包括分级、部位和数量、钙化、关节间隙变化及关节面下骨质改变等。结果AS骶髂关节病变的CR正位及斜位片显示:骶髂关节间隙变窄67例,关节面致密硬化22例,囊变15例,关节强直17例,钙化38例;CT显示:病变主要累及骶髂关节滑膜部髂骨侧,软骨钙化55例,关节间隙变窄42例,关节面及面下骨质结构囊变43例,硬化65例,骶髂韧带钙化52例;MRI显示:关节软骨破坏40例,病变区周围水肿57例,骨内脂肪沉积15例。结论对AS骶髂关节的检查,CR为最基本的方法,CT对AS的分级较准确,而MRI对AS骶髂关节病变可做出早期诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现特点

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的CT特点,协助临床评估病变程度,以提高其鉴别诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析68例AS患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点。结果AS骶髂关节CT表现特点为病变累及骶髂关节滑膜部髂骨侧为主,软骨钙化、关节间隙改变、关节面及面下骨结构改变以及骶髂韧带钙化。结论AS骶髂关节CT表现多种多样,但有一定的规律性。     

多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的应用价值。方法:56例临床确诊为强直性脊柱炎患者行骶髂关节多层螺旋CT检查,观察骶髂关节病变的CT表现及影像学特征。结果:强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的多层螺旋CT表现特征为病变主要累及骶髂关节的髂骨侧,表现为关节软骨钙化、关节面毛糙、骨性关节面下多发小囊状骨质吸收、破坏伴不同程度骨质增生硬化,骶髂关节间隙狭窄、消失、关节骨性融合及骶髂韧带钙化等。结论:多层螺旋CT对强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的应用价值。     

核素骨显像对骶髂关节、髋关节及 脊柱关节病的诊断

目的 建立国人骶髂关节／软组织、骶髂关节／骶骨、髋关节／软组织、髋关节／股骨放射性比值的正常参考值,探讨其在脊柱关节病（ＳｐＡ）中的诊断价值,方法 对无腰腿症状、ＣＴ检查骶髂关节正常的不同年龄者１３０例２６０组关节分为４组：１５～１９岁、～２４岁,～３９岁,≥４０岁,进行全身骨骼及骶髂关节、髋关节周围结构的ＳＰＥＣＴ显像,取得４组不同部位放射性比值,同时对临床诊断为ＳｐＡ的４５例患者进行骨显像,计     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变早期的CT特征研究

目的：研究强直性脊柱炎（AS）骶髂关节病变早期的CT特征。方法：对23例AS患骶髂关节病变的CT征象进行了分析。结果：23例AS患中，骶髂关节双侧受累18例，单侧受累5例；14例为早期病变的CT表现，其中4例为可疑病变，10例CT表现为骨皮质限局性硬化， 关节面模糊不清或斑点状脱钙，软骨下微小囊变，这些表现多见于骶髂关节中下部髂骨面，关节间隙基本保持正常或略增宽。结论：CT能清晰地显示早期AS骶髂关节病变并作出早期诊断。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变CT扫描的诊断价值

目的 分析强直性脊柱炎(AS)之骶髂关节病变的影像学表现，评价CT对AS骶髂关节病变的诊断价值方法分析研究30例成人临床肯定的AS骶髂关节病变的影像学表现。结果 AS骶髂关节病变的早期影像学表现是首发于骶髂关节前下方滑膜处的骨质侵蚀。对此处病变的检出率CT明显高于平片。平片可疑病变CT基本可以确诊，同时分级更为精确。结论 CT能清晰显示骶髂关节的微细结构，对AS的早期征象敏感性较平片高，CT检查对早期病变的诊断有较高的价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.