全结肠切除三环型回肠贮袋加选择性截流术的疗效评价

目的探讨全结肠切除后三环型回肠贮袋肛管吻合加选择性截流术的价值和疗效。方法对10余年来20例全结直肠切除的患者应用三环型回肠贮袋加选择性截流术进行分析总结。结果该手术方法新颖，操作简单，并发症少，发生率为15％（3／20），由于存在一段逆蠕动肠管和多个环形肠管以及2cm左右的直肠移行带黏膜，故其术后控便功能好，至6个月时都能控制干便，其中正常控制的为80％（16／20），控制欠佳的为20％（4／20），无大便失禁；而稀便控制能力较差，至1年时仍有5％（1／20）的患者稀便失禁，无一例需插管排空，平均排便频率低于东方人群同类手术者。结论全结肠切除后三环型回肠贮袋肛管吻合加选择性截流术是一种简单、安全、并发症少、术后控便功能好的理想术式。     

回肠储粪袋-肛管吻合在全结肠-直肠切除中的应用

目的 探讨回肠储粪袋－肛管吻合在全直肠结肠切除中的应用及效果。方法 回顾性总结１９８０～１９９８年进行的１５例全结肠直肠切除、回肠储粪袋－肛管吻合患者。其中溃疡性结肠炎患者９例,家族性腺瘤性息肉病患者６例,结果 “Ｓ”形储粪袋１０例全结肠直肠切除“Ｊ”储粪袋５例,无死亡病例。手术后发生粘连性肠梗阻４例、伤口感染２例、储粪袋瘘１例、肛瘘１例。随访１２例,随访时间１～１４年。排便次数的中位数为５次／２     

家族性结直肠腺瘤样息肉病58例报告

目的 总结家族性结直肠腺瘤样息肉病(FAP)的最佳手术方式及临床效果.方法 对58例FAP患者的临床资料进行总结.结果 58例中良性45例,癌变13例.全部患者均施行了全结肠切除,采用回肠造口8例,部分直肠切除和回直肠吻合16例,直肠切除、回肠贮袋肛管吻合4例,直肠切除、直肠黏膜剥脱经直肠肌鞘内回肠J形贮袋肛管吻合30例(随访1～5年,大便次数2～4次/d,肛门有控便能力,无息肉复发、癌变,均能参加重体力劳动).本组严重并发症5例.随访6个月～8年,良性患者术后均存活,6例术后5～7年发生癌变而再次行手术.13例癌变者中,4例术后6～13个月因肿瘤广泛转移死亡,另9例仍存活.排便功能以回肠造口术较差,保留直肠的术式较好.结论 治疗FAP,选择全结肠切除、保留直肠肌鞘、回肠贮袋、回肠肛管吻合术较合适.     

全结肠切除术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病六例

目的 探讨全结肠直肠切除回肠储袋肛管吻合术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病的效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年6月至2012年6月行全结肠切除术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病6例的临床资料.结果 6例患者均施行了全结肠直肠切除,回肠储袋肛管吻合术,同时作临时回肠造口术,均3个月后还纳;手术后无严重并发症发生.6例随访6个月至7年,2例患者肿瘤复发,1例死亡,5例仍存活,1例再次行肿瘤切除.6例术后能正常工作和生活,排便功能好.结论 回肠储袋肛管吻合术治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病、切除彻底,术后控便能力比较好,不影响工作和生活,是治疗家族性多发腺瘤性息肉病比较好的手术方式,手术宜早.     

外科治疗15例溃疡性结肠炎的临床体会

目的:探讨溃疡性结肠炎的外科治疗体会,提高对本病救治水平。方法:对15例外科治疗的溃疡性结肠炎的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:本组15例患者中,行全结直肠切除、回肠造口术4例;全结肠切除、回肠直肠吻合术4例;全结肠直肠切除、回肠贮袋肛管吻合术7例。结论:全结肠切除、回肠造口术治疗较彻底,全结肠直肠切除、回肠贮袋肛管吻合术可改善排便控制功能但吻合口溃疡发生率高。对于常见的吻合口瘘并发症,通过持续骶前引流等保守治疗,可使吻合口瘘闭合。"J"型全结肠直肠切除、回肠贮袋肛管吻合术是目前治疗溃疡性结肠炎较好的手术方法。     

全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病45例分析

目的探讨全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术在治疗家族性腺瘤性息肉病(familial adenomatous polyposis,FAP)中的价值。方法回顾性分析1995—2005年45例FAP患者行全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术的手术方式、并发症以及结肠镜、肛肠测压等随访资料。结果45例中发生吻合口漏1例;术后平均排便频率:3个月内每日9次,6个月后每日5次,12个月后每日4次;术后平均肛管慢波静息压为5 cm H_2O,频率为13次/min,肛管收缩压平均180 cm H_2O。37例术后结肠镜随访发现,14例有贮袋息肉(14/37,38%);4例术后发生小肠系膜硬纤维瘤。结论全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术是FAP理想的外科手术方式,回肠"J"型贮袋患者控便功能良好,术后应密切随访,预防发生大肠外肿瘤。     

全毕肠直肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术的手术配合

全结肠直肠切除术适合于结肠多发性家庭性息肉病 ,溃疡性结肠炎非手术治疗无效 ,且直肠病变较轻者。以往在全结肠直肠切除后 ,行回肠造口 ,但永久性的回肠造口术后给病人带来诸多的不便 ,生活质量下降 ,病人要承受较大的精神压力及一定的社会压力。近年来 ,出现了多种全结肠直肠切除 ,回肠贮袋肛管吻合术式。自 1 994年以来 ,我院肛肠外科完成全结肠直肠切除 ,回肠贮袋肛管吻合术 2 0例 ,取得了满意效果。现就将手术配合体会介绍如下。1　临床资料　　本组 2 0例病人。男 1 8例、女 2例。年龄 1 5～61岁 ,平均年龄 32 .5岁。其中家庭性息肉…     

溃疡性结肠炎18例外科治疗体会

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎的外科治疗。方法对18例外科手术治疗的溃疡性结肠炎的临床治疗进行回顾性分析。结果全组均经手术治疗，无围术期死亡，术后无主要并发症。结论全结肠切除、回肠造口术治疗较彻底，全结肠直肠切除，回肠贮袋肛管吻合术可以改善排便控制功能，是目前治疗溃疡性结肠炎较好的手术方式。     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病的外科治疗

为了提高家族性腺瘤性息肉病（ＦＡＰ）的外科治疗效果，对１６例ＦＡＰ患者的外科治疗情况进行了回顾性总结。１６例中除１例行全结肠直肠切除、回肠造口外，其余１５例均行全结肠直肠切除、回肠贮袋肛管吻合术。贮袋式中Ｊ型３例、Ｈ型１例，Ｓ型１１例，术后全部患者获１～５年随访，随访结果表明，病人排便功能均较满意，其中以Ｓ型贮袋者为好。笔者认为全结肠直肠切除是治疗ＦＡＰ唯一彻底有效的方法，而回肠贮袋肛管吻合则是减少术后排便次数、提高术后生活质量的良好术式，并讨论了手术方式的选择、手术操作等     

203例直肠结肠切除后回肠贮袋肛管吻合术

直肠结肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术(IPAA）现普遍被用来治疗溃疡性结肠炎和家族性腺瘤性息肉,从而代替全结肠直肠切除回肠造瘘。由于并发症发生率高和功能方面的问题．限制了一些外科医生的使用,且各种贮袋结构的潜在优点仍有争议,本对手术经验,尤其是手术并发症进行了总结,并比较不同贮袋结构的功能。     

直肠手术各种储袋的应用与评价

结肠储袋能改善低位直肠切除保肛术后早期控制排粪功能障碍,但其对患者术后远期（2年以上）控制排粪功能方面不具有优势。同时,随着时间的延长,排空障碍的发生率将逐渐提高,很多患者出现排粪困难,需要长期应用栓剂和灌肠。而储袋的制作延长了手术时间,增加了治疗费用。所以,低位直肠切除术后结肠储袋的价值正在遭受质疑,它的应用也变得越来越少。在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP）行全结肠切除术后,如果行回肠储袋肛管吻合（IPAA）,可通过增加新建直肠的容积并改变肠管的生理学动力,使排粪次数减少;且术后短期和长期控制排粪功能更好,生活质量更高。所以,IPAA是手术治疗UC和FAP的首选。     

Der ileoanale Pouch als Rectumersatz

The ileoanal pouch procedure (IAPP) was the most remarkable breakthrough in the surgical therapy of ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in the last 20 years. The underlying disease is under control, the function preserved and the quality of life markedly improved. Alternative procedures (terminal ileostomy, ileorectal anastomosis) are only indicated in special cases. In the last 16 years we have operated on 662 patients (n = 493 UC; n = 169 FAP) with an ileoanal J-pouch, short rectal cuff, complete mucosectomy and hand-sewn anastomosis. Normally there is a good function for UC and FAP patients after IAPP. Surgical experience, technical modifications concerning the pouch design and the pouch-anal anastomosis, and a differentiated indication lead to a further improvement of these complex procedures with consecutive reduction of complications. Specific complications concerned mainly the pouch-anal anastomosis (fistulas, abscesses, consecutive stenosis) and inflammation of the pouch mucosa (pouchitis). A multivariate analysis showed, that increasing experience of the specialized center is a significant factor reducing inflammatory problems at the anastomosis. The cumulative incidence of pouchitis was 29%. In general there is no problem in successful treatment. But patients with chronic pouchitis are a problematic group (6.2%). Chronic pouchitis is difficult to treat. It is likely that there exists an inflammation dysplasia carcinoma sequence for the ileal pouch mucosa, analogous to the colorectum. Recently we diagnosed the first case of a real ileum pouch carcinoma with associated epithelial dysplasias following chronic pouchitis. Therefore patients with chronic pouchitis must be followed up by endoscopy and random biopsies in a surveillance program. Patients with UC and FAP can gain the life quality of healthy controls, if postoperative complications can be avoided or treated successfully. For the further development of the procedure and the individual long-term success a qualified follow-up and therapy of complications is essential. Both can be carried out only by a specialized center.     

全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术的远期疗效评价

目的　探讨全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗溃疡性结肠炎 (UC)和家族性腺瘤性息肉病 (FAP)的远期疗效。方法　 1985～ 2 0 0 2年间共对 6 1例患者行全结肠直肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术 ,其中UC 2 5例、FAP 34例、其他 2例 ,应用S袋 2 5例、S J袋 13例、J袋 17例以及W袋 6例 ,术后随诊 1～ 18年、平均 8年 ,比较分析术后控便功能及并发症。结果　全部患者存活。并发症发生率为 16 % ( 10 / 6 1) ,其中UC患者 ( 2 4 % ,6 / 2 5 )高于FAP患者 ( 12 % ,4 / 34) ,W袋高于其他各袋 ,手法吻合 ( 2 0 % ,8/ 4 1)高于吻合器吻合 ( 10 % ,2 / 2 0 ) ,但差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。术后 2 4h大便次数平均为 4 2次。日间 84 % ( 4 3/ 5 1)、夜间 75 % ( 38/ 5 1)的患者排便能自控 ,6 % ( 3/ 5 1)的患者有明显的大便失禁。大部分患者对目前的生活质量表示满意。结论　全大肠切除回肠贮袋肛管吻合术治疗可维持UC与FAP患者肛管自控功能和可接受的大便次数 ,术后并发症较少 ,是较为理想的手术方式     

家族性腺瘤性息肉病两种术式的对比研究

目的探讨家族性腺瘤性息肉病采用回肠贮袋肛管吻合术与回肠直肠吻合术两种术式的手术效果。方法回顾性分析两组在手术结果、术后排便功能和生活质量的差异。结果30例患者中行回肠直肠吻合术12例,贮袋吻合术18例,术后无死亡,无吻合口瘘等严重并发症,均无膀胱和性功能障碍。平均住院时间、手术时间和失血量直接吻合组优于贮袋组(P<0 01),在并发症发生率、术后排气排便时间和肠蠕动次数两组相似(P>0 05)。随访时间最短6个月,最长16年。3例(25% )直接吻合者术后直肠息肉癌变需切除直肠。两种术式的术后排便功能相似,仅在白天排便次数和肛周刺激方面IRA组优于IPAA组(P<0 05)。结论两组患者术后排便功能和术后生活质量相似,但回肠贮袋肛管吻合术可减少术后残留的直肠黏膜癌变机会,因而是较理想的手术方式。     

再造回肠储粪袋对全结肠切除术后排便的影响

为观察人工再造回肠储粪袋对结肠慢传输型便秘全结肠切除术后排便的影响,将48例结肠慢传输型便秘患者随机分为试验组和对照组,试验组24例采用全结肠切除后回肠末端造J型储粪袋后与直肠吻合治疗,对照组24例不造人工储粪袋。观察两组患者术后的排便情况。结果显示,试验组较对照组大便不成形例数、水样便例数、排便次数明显减少（P〈0．05）。结果表明,人工储粪袋对结肠慢传输型便秘患者全结肠切除术后排便影响很大,可以明显减少长期腹泻情况,提高患者的生活质量。     

Restorative proctocolectomy with J-pouch ileoanal anastomosis

Restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal anastomosis, complemented by a pouch formed with the last foot of terminal ileum, is the procedure of choice for patients in need of surgical treatment for ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis. The procedure has undergone many technical modifications that have ensured a very high degree of continence and an acceptable number of daily bowel movements. Herein we describe the operative technique we use in the majority of our patients, a restorative proctocolectomy with hand-sewn J-pouch ileoanal anastomosis with protecting ileostomy. We also comment on the immediate postoperative care and on the long-term functional results.     

Usefulness of valproate sodium for treatment of incontinence after ileoanal anastomosis

We report on the excitatory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which increased after the oral administration of valproate sodium, on anal canal resting pressure in human beings, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. We used this drug in order to improve continence after ileoanal anastomosis. Seventeen patients (eight with ulcerative colitis and nine with adenomatosis coli) were tested after receiving ileoanal anastomosis. The placebo showed no effect, but valproate sodium could ameliorate frequent defecation and soiling and the resulting perianal skin complications. Increasing anal resting pressure was also observed during valproate sodium administration without the amplitude, frequency of peristaltic wave, or voluntary squeeze pressure being affected. These results suggest that the subchronic administration of valproate sodium may be useful in the treatment of minor incontinence after ileoanal anastomosis.     

Anal complications after restorative proctocolectomy (J-pouch)

A prospective assessment was performed to determine the incidence of anal complications after ileoanal J-pouch anastomosis procedures for ulcerative colitis (UC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). From 1989 to 2000, 75 patients (50 male and 25 female) underwent proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with temporary loop ileostomy for UC (N = 68) and FAP (N = 7). Overall 33 patients (44%) developed anal complications postoperatively. Nineteen patients (25%) had mild anal stenosis amenable to digital dilatation in the office. Ten patients (13%) had severe anal stenosis requiring operative dilatation. Ileostomy closure was delayed longer than 3 months in four patients because of anal stenosis. One patient never had his ileostomy closed secondary to severe anal stenosis. Anal fissures developed in one patient that resolved with conservative treatment. Three patients developed fistula-in-ano and one patient developed a pouch-vaginal fistula. Of these four patients two later manifested signs of Crohn's disease. Four patients developed perirectal abscesses (three without fistulas) that were treated with incision and drainage. Two patients had presacral (anastomotic) abscesses; one patient was treated with temporary anastomotic diversion and the other underwent a permanent ileostomy and pouch resection. Both of these patients were later diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Anal complications developed in 17 of 41 (41%) handsewn anastomoses, 16 of 34 (47%) stapled anastomoses, three of seven (43%) patients with FAP, and 30 of 68 (44%) patients with UC. Operative technique and disease type did not significantly correlate with the type of anal complication. However, hand-sewn anastomoses had a higher incidence of severe strictures and FAP patients did not develop anal abscesses, fistulas, or fissures. Forty-five per cent of our patients with abscesses/fistulas and all of our patients with presacral abscesses from anastomotic dehiscence were later diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Anal complications after ileoanal J-pouch anastomosis are relatively common.     

Modification of Le Bag ileocolonic pouch with improved results. Review of 17 cases.

The use of detubularized terminal ileum and cecum to construct a highly compliant, low-pressure, continent ileocolonic pouch was first described by Light and Engelman and was termed the "Le Bag." Results were excellent in terms of continence and preservation of renal function; however, nocturnal incontinence persisted in a substantial number of patients. We have modified the original procedure in 17 patients by performing a urethral-cecal anastomosis instead of using a tail of nondetubularized ileum. In addition, in those patients in whom a urethral anastomosis is contraindicated, we have modified the nipple as the continence-providing mechanism. Overall daytime and nighttime continence rate is 94 percent. Of the 13 patients with urethral-cecal anastomoses, only 1 patient requires intermittent catheterization. The remainder are voiding by Valsalva maneuver and with minimal residual urine. Based on our experience with the Le Bag ileocolonic pouch, we believe it is an excellent choice for total bladder replacement or continent diversion--the advantages being the relative ease of construction, minimal long-term complications, and near total urinary continence.