2型糖尿病家系非糖尿病一级亲属脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗和动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

检测了 2型糖尿病非糖尿病一级亲属组和正常对照组脂联素水平、内皮依赖性舒张功能和颈总动脉内膜中层厚度。结果显示 2型糖尿病家系非糖尿病一级亲属肥胖者脂联素水平降低 ,并且低脂联素与胰岛素抵抗密切相关     

2型糖尿病内脂素和脂联素水平与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的相关性

目的研究2型糖尿病患者血浆内脂素和脂联素水平的变化,并探讨其与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度的关系。方法73例2型糖尿病患者根据颈动脉超声结果分为颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚组37例,颈动脉内膜中膜厚度正常组36例;分别测定其血浆内脂素和脂联素,分析两者与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度变化的关系。结果2型糖尿病患者内脂素水平高于对照组,且颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚组高于颈动脉内膜中膜厚度正常组(P<0.01)。2型糖尿病组的脂联素水平低于对照组,且颈动脉内膜中膜厚度增厚组低于颈动脉内膜中膜厚度正常组(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析显示,内脂素与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、内脏脂肪厚度、空腹胰岛素呈正相关;脂联素与颈动脉内膜中膜厚度、胰岛素抵抗指数呈负相关,与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关。颈动脉内膜中膜厚度与内脂素、年龄、糖化血红蛋白呈正相关,与脂联素呈负相关。结论血浆内脂素增高及脂联素水平的降低可能是2型糖尿病患者合并早期动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一。     

老年2型糖尿病脂联素与血小板活化和动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

50例2型糖尿病（T2DM）颈总动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、血小板活化和胰岛素抵抗指（HOMA—IR）高于对照组，脂联素与血小板活化、颈总动脉IMT和HOMA—IR呈负相关。低脂联素血症与IR和动脉粥样硬化相关，血小板活化（CD62P、CD41＋CD11b）是影响T2DM脂联素水平危险因素之一。     

福建地区2型糖尿病患者脂联素基因启动子区多态性与颈动脉内膜中层厚度有关

目的 探讨脂联素基因启动子区-11377位点单核苷酸多态性与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT)之间的关系.方法 采用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)技术在504例2型糖尿病患者(CIMT正常组254例,CIMT增厚组250例)中检测脂联素基因-11377位点多态性,同时检测血脂、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及血清脂联素水平.结果 脂联素基因-11377C→G基因型和等位基因频率在CIMT正常组与CIMT增厚组的分布有显著性差别(P相似文献   

脂联素基因SNP+276与延边地区2型糖尿病及其颈动脉IMT的相关性

目的探讨血清脂联素水平及其基因SNP+276基因多态性与延边地区2型糖尿病及其颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性。方法对象均来自吉林省延边地区,3代无亲缘关系,排除冠心病、肝肾疾病、恶性肿瘤及免疫系统疾病。入组人群分对照组,2型糖尿病组,2型糖尿病组按民族分为汉族与朝鲜族组;2型糖尿病组根据颈动脉IMT分为颈动脉硬化组(GG基因型组,GT基因型组,TT基因型)和无颈动脉硬化组:采用Taqman探针法进行SNP基因分型,荧光测序法进行SNP测序。结果对照组与2型糖尿病组脂联素SNP+276T/G基因多态性分布差异存在显著性:2型糖尿病组汉族和朝鲜族脂联素SNP+276T/G基因多态性分布差异无显著性;2型糖尿病动脉硬化组与无颈动脉硬化组脂联素SNP+276基因多态性分布差异无显著性;2型糖尿病颈动脉硬化组血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病无颈动脉硬化组差异存在显著性;2型糖尿病颈动脉硬化患者GG基因型组年龄,病程和脂联素水平与TT基因型组差异存在显著性。结论脂联素基因SNP+276T/G与延边地区2型糖尿病有相关性。脂联素基因SNP+276T/G与延边地区2型糖尿病颈动脉IMT无相关性。血清脂联素水平与延边地区2型糖尿病及颈动脉IMT有相关性。脂联素是2型糖尿病及颈动脉硬化的保护因子。G等位基因可能是2型糖尿病及颈动脉硬化的风险基因。     

2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血清脂联素(APN)水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法将54例2型糖尿病患者根据颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)分成轻度组(IMT<1.0 mm,33例)和重度组(IMT≥1.0 mm或存在硬化斑块,21例),采用酶联免疫法测定血清APN,并与健康体检者进行比较。结果2型糖尿病患者血清APN水平显著低于对照组,重度组APN水平明显降低。血清APN与IMT呈显著负相关。结论脂联素可能具有抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,是糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的保护性因子。     

血浆脂联素与2型糖尿病大血管并发症的关系

目的 观察2型糖尿病患者及糖尿病合并颈动脉增厚患者血浆脂联素水平的变化,探讨血浆脂联素与2型糖尿病大血管并发症的关系.方法 选取2型糖尿病无颈动脉增厚患者61例及2型糖尿病合并颈动脉增厚患者37例,另选健康者30名作为对照组.测定受试者血浆脂联素水平、身高、体重等,比较脂联素水平的改变,以及与其他因素的相关性.结果 2型糖尿病患者血浆脂联素水平低于健康对照组(P<0.01),糖尿病合并颈动脉增厚患者血浆脂联素水平又低于糖尿病无颈动脉增厚患者(P<0.01).在受试者中,血浆脂联素与颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、体重指数(BMI)呈负相关(P<0.01).结论 脂联素参与了糖尿病大血管病变的发生发展.如将血浆脂联素测定与颈动脉彩超结合应用,有助于早日诊断糖尿病大血管病变;提高血浆脂联素水平,为防治糖尿病大血管并发症提供新的途径.     

血清脂联素水平与2型糖尿病患者C-IMT及尿微量白蛋白排泄率的相关性

脂联素可以促使脂肪和葡萄糖的代谢,从而降低胰岛素抵抗,使敏感性得以改善,并且对患者动脉粥样硬化起到一定的抵抗.据相关数据显示,检验糖尿病患者患动脉粥样硬化的有效指标之一就是患者的颈动脉内膜中层厚度(C-IMT)值[1].微量白蛋白尿是临床上反应糖尿病肾病的早期指标,也是血管内皮损伤的标志.研究[2]表明24h尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)是心血管事件的独立危险因子.本研究通过观察血清脂联素水平变化与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者动脉粥样硬化指标C-IMT及UAER的关系,旨在阐明脂联素在糖尿病动脉粥样硬化病变发生发展中的作用.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血浆内脂素水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的 探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者血浆内脂素水平与颈动脉内中膜厚度的关系.方法 选择OSAHS患者62例和对照者30例,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆内脂素水平,同时使用彩色多普勒超声检测颈动脉内膜中层厚度.结果 OSAHS患者血浆内脂素水平和颈动脉内膜中层厚度均高于对照组(P均＜0.01).OSASH患者血浆内脂素水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈正相关(r=0.541,P＜0.01),与LSaO2和MSaO2均呈负相关(r分别为-0.502和-0.459,P均＜0.01).颈动脉内膜中层厚度与AHI呈正相关(r=0.496,P＜0.01),与LSaO2和MSaO2均呈负相关(r分别为-0.448和-0.511,P均＜0.01).内脂素水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关(r =0.537,P＜0.01).颈动脉内膜中层厚度与AHI、MSaO2和血浆内脂素水平呈线性回归关系.结论 OSAHS患者存在血浆内脂素水平升高和颈动脉内膜中层厚度增厚,与患者病情严重程度和低氧密切相关;内脂素是导致患者颈动脉内膜增厚的重要因素之一.     

2型糖尿病脂联素水平与心脑血管病变关系的研究

目的探讨血清脂联素与2型糖尿病(T2DM)心脑血管病变的关系。方法选健康体检者(A组)35例,单纯糖尿病(B组)42例,糖尿病合并心脑血管病变(C组)38例,测定各组血清脂联素水平及其血糖、血脂、空腹胰岛素等指标,计算胰岛素抵抗数;测定反映心脑血管粥样硬化的早期指标-颈动脉内膜中层厚度(CIMT),进行统计学分析。结果 (1)B组脂联素水平低于A组(P0.01),C组脂联素水平低于A组及B组(P0.01),B、C组患者均比A组存在明显的代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗。(2)脂联素与CIMT的变化呈显著负相关(P0.01)。(3)多元线性逐步回归分析提示:脂联索及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低、甘油三酯增高是T2MD患者CIMT增厚的危险因素。结论血清脂联素水平降低是2型糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因子之一,能够改善胰岛素抵抗、调节血糖血脂、降低血压、延缓T2DM的大血管动脉粥样硬化等作用,对糖尿病心脑血管病变起到保护作用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.