Outcomes after primary coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation in diabetic patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction

Background Drug-eluting stent (DES) has been used widely for the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome with or without diabetes mellitus during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but its long-term safety and efficacy in diabetic patients with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) remain uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes after primary coronary intervention with DES implantation for diabetic patients with acute STEMI, compared with non-diabetic counterparts. Methods From December 2004 to March 2006, 56 consecutive diabetic patients (diabetic group) and 170 non-diabetic patients (non-diabetic group) with acute STEMI who underwent primary PCI with DES implantation in 3 hospitals were enrolled. Baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics, as well as occurrence of major adverse cardiac event (MACE) including cardiac death, non-fatal recurrent myocardial infarction (re-MI) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) during hospitalization and one-year clinical follow-up were compared between the two groups. Results Patients in diabetic group were more hyperlipidemic (69.6% and 51.8%, P=0.03) and had longer time delay from symptom onset to admission ((364±219) minutes and (309±223) minutes, P=0.02) than those in non-diabetic group. The culprit vessel distribution, reference vessel diameter, and baseline TIMI flow grade were similar between the two groups, but multi-vessel disease was more common in diabetic than in non-diabetic group (82.1% and 51.2%, P<0.001). Despite similar TIMI flow grades between the two groups after stenting, the occurrence of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) ≥2 was lower in diabetic group (75.0% vs 88.8% in non-diabetic groups, P=0.02). The MACE rate was similar during hospitalization between the two groups (5.4% vs 3.5%, P=0.72), but it was significantly higher in diabetic group (16.1%) during one-year follow-up, as compared with non-diabetic group (6.5%, P=0.03). The cumulative one-year MACE-free survival rate was significantly lower in diabetic than in non-diabetic group (78.6% vs 90.0%, P=0.02). Angiographic stent thrombosis occurred in 5.4% and 1.2% of the patients in diabetic and non-diabetic group, respectively (P=0.19). All of these patients experienced non-fatal myocardial infarction.Conclusions Although the early clinical outcomes were similar in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with acute STEMI treated with DES implantation, the cumulative MACE-free survival at one-year follow-up was worse in diabetic than in non-diabetic patients. More effective diabetes-related managements may further improve the clinical outcomes of diabetic cohort suffering STEMI.     

慢性肾功能不全对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗预后的影响

目的评价慢性肾功能不全对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)预后的影响。方法回顾性收集因STEMI在北京安贞医院接受急诊PCI的患者743例。将肾小球滤过率(eGFR)<60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2的患者作为肾功能不全组,eGFR≥60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2的患者作为对照组,比较2组患者的临床特点、病变特点和预后情况。结果与对照组比较,肾功能不全组患者年龄大、男性少、并发高血压和糖尿病者多、既往心肌梗死病史及多支病变者多、心功能不全(Killip分级≥2)者多(P<0.05);住院期间及随访2 a时主要心血管不良事件及病死率明显升高(P<0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析显示,eGFR<60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2、年龄≥70岁、Killip分级≥2、糖尿病、既往心肌梗死病史、多支病变均为患者2 a内死亡的独立预测因子(P<0.05),其中eGFR<60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2校正的相对危险度为1.93(95%可信区间:1.24～4.56,P=0.01)。结论 STE-MI接受急诊PCI治疗患者中,并发肾功能不全患者临床预后较差,而eGFR<60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2是接受急诊PCI治疗STEMI患者预后不良的最重要危险因素。     

Appraisal of the prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Acute myocardial infarction(AMI) is still the leading factor causing crippling and death in cardiovascular disease.Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) can significantly reduce inpatient mortality and incidence of complication.But owing to the existence of restenosis,in-stent thrombosis,etc.,recurrent post-PCI cardiovascular events and high repeatability of hospitalization,as well as its crippling rate and mortality, remain a serious threat to the society and the patients' family.Therefore,the apprais...     

Long-term effects of drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents on patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: outcomes of 3-year clinical follow-up

Background  The long-term safety and efficacy of drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) are unclear and controversial issues in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with DES versus BMS implantation.  

Methods  A total of 191 patients with acute STEMI undergoing PCI from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2007 were enrolled. Patients received DES (n=83) or BMS (n=108) implantation in the infarction related artery according to physician’s discretion. The primary outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), which was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and stent thrombosis. The difference of MACE was observed between DES and BMS groups.

Results  The clinical follow-up duration was 3 years ((41.7±16.1) months). MACE occurred in 20 patients during three years follow-up. Logistic regression analysis showed that the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was an independent predictor for MACE in the follow-up period (P=0.0301). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (3.61% vs. 7.41%, P=0.2647), the incidence of myocardial infarction (0 vs. 0.93%, P=0.379) and stent thrombosis (1.20% vs. 1.85%, P=0.727) between the DES group and BMS group. The incidence of MACE was significantly lower in the DES group compared to the BMS group (4.82% vs. 14.81%, P=0.0253). The rate of TVR was also lower in the DES group (0 vs. 5.56%, P=0.029). In the DES group, there was no significant difference in the incidence of MACE between sirolimus eluting stents (SES, n=73) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES, n=10) subgroups (2.74% vs. 20.00%, P >0.05).

Conclusions  This finding suggested that drug-eluting stents significantly reduced the need for revascularization in patients with acute STEMI, without increasing the incidence of death or myocardial infarction. Use of DES significantly decreased the incidence of MACE compared with BMS during the 3-year follow-up.     

Thorombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicenter randomized clinical trial

Background Although thrombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is a common treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction （STEMI）, scant data are available on its efficacy relative to primary PCI, and comparison was therefore the aim of this study. Methods This multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel trial was conducted in 12 hospitals on patients （age 〈70 years） with STEMI who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset （mean interval 〉3 hours）. Patients were randomized to three groups： primary PCI group （n=101）; recombinant staphylokinase （r-Sak） group （n=-104）; and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator （rt-PA） group （n=-106）. For all patients allocated to the thrombolytic therapy arm, coronary angiography was performed at 90 minutes after drug therapy to confirm infarct-related artery （IRA） patency; rescue PCI was performed in cases with TIMI flow grade 〈2. Bare-metal stent implantation was planned for all patients. Results After randomization it required an average of 113.4 minutes to start thrombolytic therapy （door-to-needle time）and 141.2 minutes to perform first balloon inflation in the IRA （door to balloon time）. Rates of IRA patency （TIMI flow grade 2 or 3） and TIMI flow grade 3 were significantly lower in the thrombolysis group at 90 minutes after drug therapy than in the primary PCI group at the end of the procedure （70.5% vs. 98.0%, P 〈0.0001, and 53.0% vs. 85.9%, P 〈0.0001, respectively）. Rescue PCI with stenting was performed in 117 patients （55.7%） in the thrombolytic therapy arm. Rates of patency and TIMI flow grade 3 were still significantly lower in the rescue PCI than in the primary PCI group （88.9% vs. 97.9%, P=-0.0222, and 68.4% vs. 85.0%, P=0.0190, respectively）. At 30 days post-therapy, mortality rate was significantly higher in the thrombolysis combined with rescue PCI group than in primary PCI group （7.1% vs. 0, P=0.0034）. Rates of death/MI and bleeding complications were significantly higher in the thrombolysis with rescue PCI group than in the primary PCI group （10.0% vs. 1.0%, P=-0.0380, and 28.10% vs. 8.91%, P=-0.O001, respectively）. Conclusions Thrombolytic therapy with rescue PCI was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary patency and TIMI flow grade 3, but with significantly higher rates of mortality, death/MI and hemorrhagic complications at 30 days, as compared with primary PCI in this group of Chinese STEMI patients with late presentation and delayed treatments.     

糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗疗效

目的 评价糖尿病患者合并急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的疗效。方法 分析1997.2-1999.12中88例伴糖尿病与216例不伴糖尿病急性心肌梗死行急诊介入治疗患者的临床疗效。结果 糖尿病组伴心源性休克15例,死亡率为4.5％,成功率94.0％。78例成功介入治疗患者随访(11.7±7.8)月,主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率28.2％。不伴糖尿病组中有29例合并心源性休克,死亡率为1.9％,成功率97.1％,其中178例随访(12.6±8.3)月期间MACE发生率为18.0％。急诊介入治疗成功率两组相似,近期死亡率和中远期MACE发生率糖尿病组也无明显增高(P>0.05),女性患者的比例在糖尿病组明显增高(P=0.01)。结论 急诊介入治疗糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死安全可靠,效果佳。     

急性心肌梗死患者直接PCI术后ST段回落不良的原因及其临床结果分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术后ST段回落不良的原因及其临床结果。方法入选47例ST段抬高型AMI患者行急诊冠脉造影及PCI术，术前常规检查心电图、血生化指标并予抗栓治疗。复查术后1h心电图并随访1个月内心血管事件（MACE）、室壁运动异常积分及左室射血分数。结果按术后1h抬高的ST段下降≥50％与〈50％将病人分为ST段回落良好组与ST段回段不良组。与ST段回落良好组相比。ST段回落不良组合并糖尿病、冠脉内血栓负荷重、冠脉完全闭塞、无侧枝循环建立、术后未恢复TIM13级血流的比例均明显增高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），起病至球囊开通血管时间显著延长（P〈0．05）。MACE发生率及室壁运动异常积分明显升高（P〈0．01），而左室射血分数则显著降低（P〈0．05）。结论多种因素阻碍了AMI患者直接PCI术后ST段的回落并导致不良临床结果，了解上述危险因素有助于医生在直接PCI术中采取正确应对措施。     

SYNTAX积分与急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心血管事件的关系

Objective:To investigate the predictive effect of SYNTAX score for in-hospital and one-year prognosis outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods:A total of 312 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were divided into three groups based on SYNTAX scores which were calculated by angiography results. Group A (n＝170) was defined as baseline SYNTAX score (bSSC) ＜22, group B bSSC＝22-32 (n＝90), group C bSSC＞32 (n＝52).Results:(1) Group B and group C had a higher proportion of patients with diabetes, a higher CK-MB, UA, fasting glucose compared with group A (P＜0.05). (2) The proportions of patients with severe adverse cardiovascular events in-hospital in three groups were 6.6% (n＝11), 31.1% (n＝28), 36.5% (n＝19) respectively (P＜0.05). (3) For patients whose follow-up periods were between (14.2±0.8) months, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed log-rank （P＜0.001 ) was found among major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), all-cause death, non-fatal MI, unplanned revascularization for ischemia, rehospitalization due to heart failure. (4) By multivariable analysis, bSSC and rSSC were found to be significant independent predictor for all ischemic outcomes at year 1, including MACE (HR＝1.059, 95% CI: 1.035-1.083, P＜0.001; HR＝1.056, 95% CI: 1.033-1.081, P＜0.001). Conclusion:The SYNTAX score is an independent predictor for in-hospital as well as long-term mortality and MACE in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI.     

急诊PCI术对心肌梗死患者QTc、Tp-Te、Tp-Tec间期的影响

目的:观察急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（pPCI）前后心室肌跨壁复极离散度指标（QTc、Tp-Te、Tp-Tec间期）的差异。方法:回顾分析245例STEMI患者,其中行pPCI治疗（干预组）188例,未行急诊PCI（对照组）57例,采集其入院即刻及入院第3天标准12导联心电图进行分析。结果:（1）干预组患者入院第3天和入院即刻比较,QTc间期无明显变化（P =0.277）,Tp-Te间期、Tp-Tec间期均明显减小（P <0.001）;对照组患者入院第3天和入院即刻比较,QTc间期较前增大,Tp-Te间期、Tp-Tec间期均较前减小（P 分别为:0.018,0.003,0.001）;与对照组比较,干预组入院第3天Tp-Te、Tp-Tec间期减小更明显。（2）干预组与对照组相比,住院期间恶性心律失常事件发生率降低（P < 0.05）。结论:急诊PCI术可使Tp-Te间期、Tp-Tec间期明显减小,比药物治疗可更有效地改善心室肌跨壁复极离散度,使恶性心律失常发生率降低。     

Gender differences in efficacy of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background The clinical outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） is poorer in women than that in men. This study aimed at comparing the impact of gender difference on the strategy of primary PCI in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）.
Methods Two hundred and fifty-nine patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI within 12 hours of symptom onset were enrolled. The male group consisted of 143 men aged 〉55 years, and a female group included 116 women without age limitation. Procedural success was defined as residual stenosis 〈20% with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 〉2 and without death, emergency bypass surgery or disabling cerebral events during the hospitalization. The rate of major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization during follow-up, was recorded.
Results Female patients were more hypertensive and diabetic and with fewer cigarette smokers than male counterparts. The prevalence of angiographic 3-vessel disease was higher in the female group, but the procedural success rate was comparable between the two groups （94.4% vs 92.2%）. The occurrence rate of MACE did not differ during the hospitalization （4.2% vs 6.0%, P=0.50）, but was significantly higher in the female group during follow-up （mean （16.0±11.2） months） than that in the male group （5.4% vs 0.7%, P=0.02）.
Conclusion Despite a similar success rate of primary PCI and in-hospital outcomes in both genders, female patients with acute STEMI still have a worse prognosis during the long-term follow-up.     

直接冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死临床分析

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死直接经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效,方法及安全性.方法 建立急性心肌梗死"绿色通道",对236例急性心肌梗死患者,采用经股动脉或经桡动脉途径常规方法,行直接PCI,观察梗塞相关动脉的开通率、血流情况、术中并发症,住院期间主要心血管事件,随访观察预后、再狭窄及再次血运重建情况.结果 呼叫到球囊开通时间为(88±36)min,227例患者成功开通梗死相关动脉.TIMI血流3级(96.2%),9例发生无再流,共植入支架235个.无严重手术并发症发生,15例心原性休克患者11例存活(73.3%),5例心肺复苏患者3例生存.住院期间死亡10例,死亡原因为心力衰竭、休克和室颤.随访期间再发心肌梗死7例,死亡4例.87例复查冠脉造影,19例再狭窄,12例再次行PCI术,3例行冠脉搭桥术.结论 直接PCI治疗急性心肌梗死安全有效,在有条件的医院可首选PCI作为急性心肌梗死治疗的方法.     

Feasibility of using 6F angiographic catheters for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction

The transradial access has been used for percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） for more than 10 years. Many studies have confirmed several advantages of a radial route over the traditional transfemoral approach, some of which include a decreased incidence of access site complications, an earlier ambulation after the procedure which helps make patients more comfortable after the procedure.4-SHowever, the radial artery is easier to spasm as it is smaller than the femoral artery. This kind of phenomenon often happens when shifting from angiographic catheters to guiding catheters.     

急性心肌梗死接受直接冠状动脉介入治疗患者血脂水平与预后的关联性分析

目的：探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的血脂水平对直接冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后1年内主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的影响,阐明急性期血脂水平和他汀药物干预后的血脂水平与预后的关联性。方法：选择624例STEMI患者,根据入院后24 h内低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平将患者分为正常组380例(L...     

Direct ambulance transport to catheterization laboratory reduces door-to-balloon time in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the DIRECT-STEMI study

Background  Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been clearly identified as the first therapeutic option for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The importance of reducing door-to-balloon (D2B) time has gained increased recognition. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the strategy of direct ambulance transportation of patients with acute STEMI to catheterization lab to receive primary PCI.

Methods  The study population included 141 consecutive patients with chest pain and ST-segment elevation who were admitted to the catheterization laboratory directly by the ambulance and underwent primary PCI (DIRECT group). Another 145 patients with STEMI randomly selected from the PCI database, were served as control group (conventional group); they were transported to catheterization laboratory from emergency room (ER). The primary endpoint of D2B time, and secondary endpoint of in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization) were compared.

Results  Baseline and procedural characteristics between the two groups were comparable, except more patients in the DIRECT group presented TIMI 0–1 flow in culprit vessel at initial angiogram (80.1% and 73.8%, P=0.04). Comparing to conventional group, the primary endpoint of D2B time was reduced ((54±18) minutes and (112±55) minutes, P <0.0001) and the percentage of patients with D2B <90 minutes was increased in the DIRECT group (96.9% and 27.0%, P <0.0001). The success rate of primary PCI with stent implantation with final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 3 flow was significantly higher in the DIRECT group (93.8% and 85.2%, P=0.03). Although no significant difference was found at 30-day MACE free survival rate between the two groups (95.0% and 89.0%, P=0.06), a trend in improving survival status in the DIRECT group was demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Conclusion  Direct ambulance transport of STEMI patients to the catheterization laboratory could significantly reduce D2B time and improve success rate of primary PCI and 30-day clinical outcomes.

     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊PCI术后无复流的危险因素分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊PCI术后出现无复流的相关危险因素。方法发病在6h以内,或12 h内仍有持续胸痛的843名AMI患者给予急诊PCI,收集患者的临床、造影和介入治疗资料。PCI术后,根据TIMI血流分级和心肌显色分级两项结果将病人分为两组,正常血流组和无复流组。比较这两组病人基本临床资料、造影结果和手术相关资料的差异,分析AMI患者急诊PCI术后出现无复流的原因。结果急诊PCI术后无复流的发生率约为15.9%。通过单变量分析,既往MI病史、心梗Killip分级、症状至PCI时间、术前IABP应用、术前TIMl分级、病变长度、血栓负荷程度、再灌注方法与急诊PCI术后发生无复流有关(P<0.05)。多变量Logistic回归模型认为,症状至PCI时间(OR:1.60;95%CI:1.02～2.73)、术前TIMI血流分级(OR:1.1;95%CI:1.04～1.16)、病变血管长度(OR:1.40;95%CI:1.19～1.69),血栓负荷程度(OR:2.02;95%CI:1.47～2.76)可作为急诊PCI术后无复流发生的独立危险因素。结论症状至PCI时间、术前TIMI血流分级、病变血管长度和血栓负荷程度可作为AMI患者急诊PCI后发生无复流的独立预测因素。     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入术中血栓抽吸的临床应用评价

目的:对急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用血栓抽吸术的疗效进行评价,探讨血栓抽吸术在急性心梗患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用价值。方法:收集吉林大学中日联谊医院心内科2007年3月～2010年3月收住的急性心肌梗死患者中急诊冠脉造影提示梗死相关动脉血流TIMI 0～1级、并行PCI治疗的36例患者的临床资料。对比分析应用抽吸技术的患者及对照组的临床及造影资料。结果:对于行血栓抽吸的直接PCI患者,其心肌灌注水平高于常规PCI治疗组,但其心功能相关指标未见明显差异。结论:直接PCI是急性心肌梗死心肌再灌注的重要方法,通过血栓抽吸可改善心肌再灌注水平。     

急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗AMI的死亡率与侧支循环形成的关系

目的分析急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗手术中及住院期间死亡率与患者侧支循环形成的关系。方法1999年3月～2006年10月于我科行急诊PCI治疗的AMI患者623例。发病至介入治疗时间为2～36h。结果患者死亡27例,死亡率为4.3%。60岁以下死亡率1.7%(4/232),60～75岁死亡率为5.0%(14/279),75岁以上患者的死亡率为8.0%(9/112)。侧支循环形成率60岁以下为91.4%(212/232),60～75岁61.6%(172/279),75岁以上37.5%(42/112)。结论PCI治疗AMI的死亡率与侧支循环形成率呈负相关。年轻患者侧支循环形成率较高,相应死亡率也较低。老年患者死亡率较高,可能与侧支循环形成率较低有关。     

Clinical relevance of angiographic coronary collaterals during primary coronary intervention for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background Collaterals to occluded infarct-related coronary arteries （IRA） have been observed after the onset of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）.We sought to investigate the impact of early coronary collateralization,as evidenced by angiography,on myocardial reperfusion and outcomes after primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.Methods Acute procedural results,ST-segment resolution （STR）,enzymatic infarct size,echocardiographic left ventricular function,and major adverse cardiac events （MACE） at 6-month follow-up were assessed in 389 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI for occluded IRA （TIMI flow grade 0 or 1） within 12 hours of symptom-onset.Angiographic coronary collateralization to the occluded IRA at first contrast injection was graded according to the Rentrop scoring system.Results Low （Rentrop score of 0 or 1） and high （Rentrop score of 2 or 3） coronary collateralization was detected in 329 and 60 patients,respectively.Patients with high collateralization more commonly had prior stable angina and right coronary artery occlusion,but less often had left anterior descending artery occlusion.At baseline,these patients presented with less extent of ST-segment elevation and lower serum levels of creatine kinase myocardial band （CK-MB） and cardiac troponin Ⅰ （cTnl）.Procedural success rate,STR,corrected TIMI flame count,and area under the curve of CK-MB and cTnl measurements after the procedure were similar between patients with high collateralization and those with low collateralization （for all comparisons P＞0.05）.There were no differences in left ventricular ejection fraction and rates of MACE at 6 months according to baseline angiographic collaterals to occluded IRA.Conclusions In patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary PCI within 12 hours of symptom-onset,coronary collateralization to the occluded IRA was influenced by clinical and angiographic features.Early recruitment of collaterals limits infarct size at baseline,but has no significant impact on myocardial reperfusion after the procedure and subsequent left ventricular function and clinical outcomes.     

泮托拉唑对急性心肌梗死行经皮冠状动脉支架植入术患者消化道出血的预防

目的观察泮托拉唑在急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉支架植入术(PCI)治疗中对消化道出血的预防效果。方法急性心肌梗死行PCI患者87例分为观察组45例和对照组42例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用泮托拉唑,观察2组患者住院期间PCI成功率、并发症、病死率及7 d内消化道出血发生情况。结果观察组和对照组消化道出血的发生率分别为4.4%和21.4%,观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死PCI治疗中预防性使用泮托拉唑能有效防止消化道出血的发生。     

Direct intracoronary delivery of tirofiban during primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)is usually caused by acute occlusion of an infarct-related coronary artery (IRA),resulting from rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent platelet aggregation and thrombosis.1-3Prompt reperfusion is the key aspect of the optimal management,4-7 and timely expert primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) becomes the best reperfusion strategy with respect to improvement in survival and reduction of combined clinical endpoints in the treatment of STEMI.8-11 Given the high thrombotic risk of patients with STEMI,pretreatment with a high clopidogrel loading dose before primary PCI was advised to reduce distal thrombotic embolization and angiographic no-reflow and improve clinical outcomes.12,13 The use of adjunctive intravenous glycoprotein (GP) Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitors following oral dual-antiplatelet therapy enhances thrombus disaggregation by inhibiting fibrinogen binding to the active receptor complex and subsequently disrupting platelet cross-linking,14 and improves IRA patency and myocardial perfusion,14 and has been recommended as class Ⅱa (at the time of primary PCI) or Ⅱb (before primary angiography and PCI)indication in the recent practice guidelines for the management of patients with STEMI.9,10 Tirofiban (a small-molecule platelet GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa inhibitor) seems even more attractive,because of its consistent and rapidly reversible platelet inhibition at increased dose and efficient penetration into the platelet-fibrin thrombus.15 In a broad population of largely unselected patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI,tirofiban was associated with a noninferior complete resolution of ST-segment elevation (an indirect measure of myocardial reperfusion after PCI14,16) compared with abciximab,17 and was well tolerated and effective in reducing ischemic acute coronary syndrome complications in patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency.18 Previous studies have shown that an upstream low dose of tirofiban favorably ameliorates IRA patency and reperfusion of the infarct area compared with down-stream use,19 and routine initiation of high-bolus dose of tirofiban could further improve clinical outcome after primary PCI.20 These observations highlight that further platelet aggregation inhibition besides high-dose clopidogrel is mandated in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI.