首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
目的 了解我院血培养常见病原菌分布及其耐药性变迁,为血流感染的临床诊治及院内感染的有效监控提供依据。方法 对我院2014-2017年血培养阳性常见病原菌及其耐药特性进行统计分析。结果 4年共分离2188株细菌,革兰阴性菌1158株,占52.93%,革兰阳性菌1030株,占47.07%,革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌(440株/20.11%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(237株/10.83%)及铜绿假单胞菌(86株/3.93%)为主,革兰阳性菌中表皮葡萄球菌(228株/10.42%)检出率最高,其次为金黄色葡萄球菌(139/6.35%)。2015年发现耐厄他培南和亚胺培南血培养阳性肺炎克雷伯菌,到2017年对两者的平均耐药率分别为3.39%和2.97%(P<0.05)。铜绿假单胞菌2014-2016年对氨曲南(37.50%~5.88%)耐药性逐渐下降,2017年未发现氨曲南耐药菌株(P<0.01)。结论 我院血培养阳性标本细菌检出以革兰阴性菌为主,大肠埃希菌仍是血流感染的最主要致病菌。大肠埃希菌与肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药率增长迅速,临床应加强血流感染病原菌的耐药监测,合理使用抗菌药物。  相似文献   

2.
目的分析医院血流感染病菌分布特征及其耐药性。方法 10058份血培养标本,共分离1026株病原菌,均进行病原菌培养与鉴定、药敏试验、超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测、耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)检测。分析1026株病原菌分布特征、主要革兰阴性杆菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性、革兰阳性球菌对常用抗菌药物的耐药性。结果 1026株病原菌中主要为革兰阴性杆菌,共571株,占55.7%,主要为大肠埃希菌;其次为革兰阳性菌,共395株,占38.5%,主要为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌;最后为真菌、厌氧菌,各34株、26株,分别占3.3%、2.5%。大肠埃希菌产ESBLs为64.9%,肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs为45.5%。大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、美罗培南、阿米卡星、亚胺培南具有较低的耐药性。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)检出率为33.3%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)检出率为74.9%。金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素的耐药性为0,对利奈唑胺的耐药性为0,对利福平的耐药性为0。结论医院血流感染病菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌,如大肠埃希菌。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌、产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌、产ESBLs大肠埃希菌具有较高的检出率、耐药性。  相似文献   

3.
目的分析某肿瘤专科医院血流感染的病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法采用回顾性方法,对郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2016年11月—2020年10月住院患者送检的29546份血培养结果进行分析,利用WHONET5.6软件统计血培养的阳性率,病原菌分布及耐药特点。结果共检出病原菌3111株,阳性率为10.5%,其中革兰阴性菌2009株(占64.6%),革兰阳性菌931株(占29.9%),真菌171株(占5.5%)。病原菌以肠杆菌目细菌为主,前五位的病原菌是大肠埃希菌(27.0%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(13.0%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(6.56%)、表皮葡萄球菌(5.60%)和铜绿假单胞菌(5.14%)。送检科室排在前五位的是血液科、肝胆外科、普外科、妇瘤科和介入科。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBL检出率分别为41.1%和36.6%,大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为2.9%和3.5%,肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率为10.9%和12.8%。葡萄球菌中MRSA和MRCNS的检出率分别是39.2%和61.8%。结论肿瘤患者血流感染的病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主,各病原菌对常用抗生素存在不同程度耐药,临床应根据药敏结果合理选择抗生素。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探究小儿感染性肺炎病原菌的分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药情况。方法:抽取2018年1月-2018年6月期间收治的小儿感染性肺炎患儿500例临床资料作为本次研究的对象,统计其所有患儿痰液标本的细菌学培养和药敏试验结果,分析其病原菌的分布及其耐药性。结果:500例患儿痰标本中分离出227株致病菌,其中革兰阴性菌中主要为大肠埃希菌28株(占12.33%)、肺炎克雷伯菌24株(占10.57%)、铜绿假单胞菌41株(占18.06%)以及鲍曼不动杆菌13例(占5.73%);革兰阳性菌中主要为金黄色葡萄球菌41株(占18.06%)以及肺炎链球菌23例(占10.13%);经药敏试验分析显示,大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌对大多数常用抗菌药物产生耐药性,其中肺炎克雷伯菌以及大肠埃希菌耐药的情况比较严重,多重耐药性的情况较为普遍;但亚胺培南对其致病菌仍然较为敏感。结论:在小儿感染性肺炎中病原菌的分布主要为革兰阴性菌,其对常用抗菌药物出现耐药的情况较为严重,多重耐药出现的情况也呈增长趋势,临床在治疗此类患儿时应根据药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物治疗,有利于降低细菌对其耐药性,以确保患儿治疗的有效性和安全性。  相似文献   

5.
目的分析贵州某三甲医院2020年1月至2020年12月血培养的病原菌分布特点和耐药性情况,为临床血流感染的诊断和治疗提供依据。方法血培养采用美国BD公司BACTEC FX全自动血培养仪,细菌鉴定和药敏试验使用美国贝克曼MicroScan WalkAway 96全自动细菌培养仪完成,采用WHONET5.6软件对结果进行统计分析。结果全年共收集21497例血培养,其中阳性标本共计1488例,阳性率为6.9%。分离病原菌共1046株,其中革兰阴性菌548株,占52.4%;革兰阳性球菌398株,占38.0%;革兰阳性杆菌3株,占0.3%;真菌97株,占9.3%。主要病原菌依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,构成比分别为17.5%、12.1%、7.3%。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌108株,检出率59.1%。碳青霉烯类耐药的大肠埃希菌(CR-ECO)2株,检出率为1.1%;碳青霉烯类耐药的肺炎克雷伯菌(CR-KPN)54株,检出率为42.5%;耐碳青霉烯类鲍曼不动杆菌(CR-AB)37株检出率为77.1%;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)26株,检出率为34.2%,未发现利奈唑胺、万古霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌。结论我院血培养分离菌以革兰阴性菌为主,多重耐药菌检出率较高,根据病原菌的药敏结果用药十分重要。  相似文献   

6.
目的:了解南阳市5家综合医院住院患者临床分离细菌的分布及其对抗菌药物的耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法:收集2014年1月—2015年9月南阳市市区5家三级综合医院住院患者血培养标本分离的病原菌资料,对常见病原菌的分布特征及其对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况进行分析。结果:25 089份血培养中共分离出病原菌2 968株,阳性率为11.83%,其中革兰阳性球菌占59.80%(1 775/2 968),革兰阴性杆菌占32.78%(973/2 968),真菌占7.41%(220/2 968);凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌居分离菌首位,其次为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌、耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的检出率分别为53.02%(158/298)和77.99%(879/1 127);未发现耐万古霉素革兰阳性球菌。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率合计为42.04%(280/666);大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、呋喃妥因、头孢替坦、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦较敏感。在非发酵革兰阴性杆菌中,铜绿假单胞菌对黏菌素、亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢吡肟、氨曲南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦较敏感。结论:血培养分离的病原菌以革兰阳性球菌为主,病原菌分布较广、耐药率较高。临床上应重视血液感染菌株的分布特点,并根据药物敏感性试验结果合理用药,有效控制感染,减少耐药菌株的产生。对细菌耐药性进行定期监测,有助于了解细菌耐药性的变迁,可为临床合理用药提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
张晓娟  郭小彬  杨宏昕 《安徽医药》2022,26(11):2275-2279
目的 分析骨伤科伤口分泌物病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法 收集2017年1月至2020年12月内蒙古自治区人民医院骨伤科分离的586株阳性菌株,采用VITEK 2 Comapct 60全自动细菌鉴定药敏分析系统对细菌鉴定和药敏进行分析。结果 分离出阳性菌株586株,革兰阳性菌408株,占69.62%;革兰阴性菌171株,占29.18%。革兰阳性球菌检出前三位分别是:金黄色葡萄球菌,表皮葡萄球菌,粪肠球菌。革兰阴性杆菌检出前三位分别是:大肠埃希菌,阴沟肠杆菌,肺炎克雷伯菌。药敏试验结果表明革兰阳性球菌中金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌对青霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素和利奈唑胺敏感性高。革兰阴性杆菌中大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对青霉素类药物耐药率高,对亚胺培南、美罗培南耐药率低,大肠埃希菌的耐药性总体显著高于肺炎克雷伯菌和阴沟肠杆菌。结论 骨伤科分泌物检出以革兰阳性菌为主,其中金黄色葡萄球菌大约占三分之一。临床上应结合药敏试验和病人病情,选择合适的药物进行抗感染治疗。  相似文献   

8.
目的了解血培养阳性标本检出的病原菌分布和耐药性,为临床医师合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法血液培养采用BD公司的BACTEC FX全自动血培养仪,德灵公司Microscan autoscan4进行病原菌鉴定及药敏分析。结果结果从送检的4314份血培养标本中共分离出病原菌483株,阳性率为11.2%;分离出革兰阳性球菌301株,占62.3%,革兰阴性菌156株,占32.3%,真菌26株,占5.4%,药敏结果显示,主要革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺高度敏感,大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南度敏感。结论血培养病原菌种类复杂,耐药率高,临床应及时监测病原菌的变化及耐药趋势,合理应用抗菌药物,防止抗菌药物的滥用及新耐药菌株的产生。  相似文献   

9.
目的分析医院2008年和2009年临床分离的革兰阴性菌分布及耐药性变迁,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法从临床送检标本中分离出病原菌,用自动细菌鉴定及药敏测定仪进行耐药性监测。结果该院2008年分离病原菌5 886株,其中革兰阴性菌3 420株(58.10%),列前5位的分别是大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌及流感嗜血杆菌。2009年分离病原菌5 238株,其中革兰阴性菌3 221株(61.49%),列前5位的依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌及鲍曼不动杆菌。碳青霉烯类仍是对革兰阴性杆菌(嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌除外)抗菌作用最强的一类抗生素。结论该院临床分离病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,尤以大肠埃希菌常见。致病菌耐药问题严重,及时监测感染致病菌的变迁和耐药发展趋势对指导临床用药至关重要。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解本院近3年血培养阳性标本检出病原菌的分布和耐药情况,为临床医生正确、合理应用抗菌药物提供依据.方法 采用Vitek 2系统鉴定细菌,K-B琼脂扩散法做体外药敏试验,应用WHONET5.4进行其耐药性分析.结果 共检出病原菌609株,其中革兰阴性菌288株、革兰阳性菌261株、真菌60株,各占总数的47.29%、42.86%、9.85%.产ESBLs的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的检出率分别为50.0%和41.4%;葡萄球菌中MRSA和MRCNS的检出率分别为79.5%和54.7%.革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单孢菌为主,对亚胺培南、美洛培南敏感.革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌、凝同酶阴性葡萄球菌为主,对万古霉素、力奈唑胺、替考拉宁、奎奴普丁,达福普汀敏感.结论 血培养阳性标本检出病原菌种类复杂,耐药率逐年上升,临床医生应加强对疑似败血症患者血液中病原菌的检测,以合理选用抗菌药物.  相似文献   

11.
12.
Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
  相似文献   

13.
14.
This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

17.
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

18.
Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.  相似文献   

19.
20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号