灌注液温度对肺保存的影响

目的:比较在4℃、10℃两个温度下的肺保存效果。方法:将12条狗随机平均分成2组,肺动脉灌注10℃低钾右旋糖酐(LPD)液,取出心肺组织分别在4℃、10℃保存12h,分别在离体状态下,连续通气和温静脉血再灌注20min。比较供肺流入、流出血的氧分压Po2、二氧化碳分压Pco2、呼吸道峰压IAP及再灌注后离体肺的湿/干重量比W/D,并作病理检查。结果:2组间Pco2、IAP差异及W/D差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),病理切片均未见肺泡内出血。但10℃保存组的Po2比4℃保存组的高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:离体肺在10℃下保存要优于在4℃下保存。     

添加谷胱甘肽的改良低钾右旋糖酐液对离体肺保护的实验研究

目的对比研究添加谷胱甘肽的改良低钾右旋糖酐液（LPDG液）和低钾右旋糖酐液（LPD液）对离体肺的保护作用。方法健康杂种家兔18只，建立离体肺再灌注模型。随机分为正常对照组（n=6）、LPD液保护组（n=6）和LP-DG液保护组（n=6）。正常对照组供肺取出后直接离体灌注2h，另外两组供肺分别以4℃LPD液和LPDG液灌洗后保存8h，再循环灌注2h。灌注期间每隔1h分别测定流入离体肺的静脉血及流出离体肺的动脉血的氧分压（PO2）和二氧化碳分压（PCO2）；测定丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和白介素-8（IL-8）含量并计算肺湿干重比（W／D）。结果再灌注1h和2h后，LPDG液保护组流出血PO2均值显著高于LPD液保护组（均P〈0．05），PCO2均值显著低于LPD液保护组（均P〈0．05）；LPDG液保护组W／D均值及MDA含量显著低于LPD液保护组（P〈0．05），SOD活性均值显著高于LPD液保护组（P〈0．05），TNF-α和IL-8含量则明显低于LPD液保护组（均P〈0．05）。结论添加谷胱甘肽的改良低钾右旋糖酐液对离体肺的保护作用优于低钾右旋糖酐液。     

依达拉奉对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:利用改良兔在体肺保护模型,探讨氧自由基清除剂依达拉奉对在体肺保护的作用及可能机制。方法:健康家兔20只,随机分为低钾右旋糖酐液(LPD液)组与依达拉奉(LPE液)组,每组10只,分别以LPD液和LPE液进行肺动脉灌洗和保存,每组分别于等时点取左下肺静脉血行血气分析检测静脉血氧分压(PvO2),测定血浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS),肺组织湿干重比(W/D),光镜、透射电镜下观察肺组织形态结构变化。结果:两组动物再灌注后各时点PvO2均较缺血前下降,但LPE液组明显高于LPD液组,再灌注后LPE液组血浆MDA、iNOS表达明显低于LPD液组,SOD、eNOS表达则高于LPD液组,肺组织湿干重比LPE液组明显低于LPD液组,组织形态学检查LPE液组结构损伤变化较LPD液组轻。结论:加入依达拉奉的LPD液能够减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤,具有较好的肺保护效果。     

评价含抑肽酶肺保护液疗效的实验研究

目的：利用兔在体肺保存模型．评价含抑肽酶的改良肺保护液对肺的保护作用。方法：新西兰白兔30只,随机分为对照组、低钾右旋糖酐液（LPD液）组、抑肽酶组．每组10只。制备免在体左肺保存模型,对照组仅阻断肺门和冷藏．不灌肺保护液,LPD液组和抑肽酶组分别经肺动脉插管,在体灌注LPD液和含抑肽酶的LPD液,完毕后将左肺下叶放入特制的肺保存器内在体低温冷藏2h．移去肺保存器。开放肺门再灌注2h。在实验过程中抽取肺静脉血标本行血气分析,取肺组织行病理学检查．同时检测支气管灌洗液中性粒细胞百分比及肺湿／干重比以评价肺保存效果。结果：抑肽酶组再灌注5min和2h两个时间点肺静脉血氧分压显著高于LPD液组和对照组（P〈0．05）。抑肽酶组肺泡出血及肺结构损害分级均较对照组及LPD组轻微（R0．05）。肺湿／干重比抑肽酶组较对照组和LPD液组均有非常显著的差异（P〈0．01）。结论：含抑肽酶的肺保护液对肺的保护效果确切,其保护作用明显优于单纯LPD液。     

ATP敏感的钾通道开放剂对离体肺保护的实验研究

目的研究ATP敏感的钾离子通道开放剂(PCOs)吡那地尔(pinacidil)在离体兔肺保护中的作用。方法将18只杂种灰色家兔随机分成3组,建立离体肺缺血再灌注模型。对照组(n=6)以自体温血直接再灌注2 h;缺血组(n=6)用低钾右旋糖酐保存液(LPD) 二甲基亚砜(DMSO)灌洗,4℃保存8 h后自体温血再灌注2 h;实验组(n=6)用LPD 100μmol.L-1吡那地尔(溶于DMSO中)灌洗,4℃保存8 h后自体温血再灌注2 h。每隔30 min分别经肺动脉和左房插管取血行血气分析,评估离体肺功能;测量湿/干重比,估计肺水含量;光镜下行肺组织形态学检查;制作肺组织匀浆测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)含量。结果实验组氧分压差(ΔPO2)和SOD与缺血组比较明显升高(P<0.05);组织形态学检查显示,实验组损伤较缺血组轻;实验组的TNF-α和IL-8含量明显低于缺血组(P<0.05)。结论在保存时间不超过8 h的情况下,用加入吡那地尔的LPD灌洗和保存肺能更好地保护肺功能。     

西地那非对在体兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的: 利用兔在体肺移植模型,探讨磷酸二酯酶抑制剂西地那非对兔肺缺血再灌注损伤的影响及其可能机制.方法: 健康家兔20只,随机分为LPD组与西地那非组,每组10只,分别以LPD液和加入0.7 mg/L的西地那非的LPD液进行肺动脉灌洗和保存,每组分别于缺血前、再灌注后1,2 h取左下肺静脉血行血气分析,检测静脉血氧分压(PvO2);于缺血前、再灌注0.5,1,1.5,2 h取左下肺静脉血,测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、诱导型氧化亚氮合酶(iNOS)活性;于再灌注2 h时取肺组织,测丙二醛(MDA)含量、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性;检测肺组织湿/干比(W/D);在光镜、透射电镜下观察肺组织形态结构变化.结果: 两组动物再灌注后各时点PvO2均较缺血前下降,但西地那非组明显好于LPD组;再灌注后西地那非组SOD表达高于LPD组;再灌注后西地那非组MDA、iNOS、MPO表达明显低于LPD 液组;肺组织湿/干比西地那非组明显低于LPD 液组;西地那非组组织结构损伤变化较LPD组轻.结论: 西地那非有较强的抗氧化能力,能够提高机体清除氧自由基能力;有一定的抗炎能力,能减弱炎症反应.西地那非作为肺保护液添加剂对肺缺血再灌注损伤有一定的保护作用.     

人参皂甙Rb1对离体肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的探讨人参皂甙Rb1对离体兔肺的保护作用及其机制。方法应用离体肺缺血再灌注模型,将20只健康家兔随机分为两组,实验组以人参皂甙Rb1(0.08mg/ml)加入含PGE1的低钾右旋糖酐(LPD)液进行肺灌注及保存,对照组则以含PGE1的LPD液灌注及保存,4℃保存12h后再灌注60min。灌注过程中检测肺血管阻力(PVR)、肺静脉血氧分压(PO2);灌注完毕测定肺组织含水量(LW)、一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量;应用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)对肺凋亡细胞进行检测并观察肺组织超微结构变化。结果实验组PVR、LW较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),PO2明显升高(P<0·01);实验组肺组织NO、SOD含量明显高于对照组(P<0.05),MDA含量则较对照组低(P<0·05),其细胞凋亡指数(AI)亦较对照组显著减少(P<0·05),超微结构变化明显较对照组轻。结论人参皂甙Rb1能减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤,增加肺的保存效果,其作用机制与清除氧自由基、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡有关。     

含HOE642的新型器官保存液对离体兔肺移植供肺细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探索含Ⅰ型钠氢通道拮抗剂HOE642的新型器官保存液对离体兔肺移植供肺细胞凋亡的影响.方法 24只雄性成年新西兰大白兔分2组[低钾葡聚糖(LPD)组和HOE组],分别用LPD液及新型器官保存液灌洗供肺,建立兔改良离体单肺移植模型并再灌注2h.测定供肺细胞凋亡指数、caspase-3、Fas/Fas-L及Bax/Bcl-2表达水平.结果 与LPD组比较,HOE组供肺细胞凋亡指数和caspase-3的阳性细胞计数明显下降(P＜0.05),Fas、Fas-L、Bax表达水平明显降低,Bcl-2表达升高(P＜0.05).结论 含HOE642的新型器官保存液可通过抑制细胞内外源性凋亡途径抑制细胞凋亡.     

离体兔肺灌注模型的建立及不同成份保存液的肺保护研究

目的:建立离体兔肺灌注模型,研究不同成分保存液对离体兔肺的保存作用.方法:将30只兔分为5组分别为对照组(A组)、uw液 硝酸甘油组(B组)、uw液 前列腺素E1(C组)、UW液与自身动脉血1:2混合组(D组)、UW液与自身动脉血1:4混合组(E组).切取兔心肺作为离体心肺模型,对心肺模型进行冷灌注、低温保存.分别在2 h和4 h取肺部分标本做电镜分析.4 h末检测肺湿干重比、肺气道压力.离体肺接呼吸机后将自身静脉血用泵从主肺动脉泵入,用负压吸引真空试管取左心房血液做血气分析.结果:E、D组对于肺组织气体交换功能的保护相当,明显优于其他组.B、C组对于肺实质细胞的气体交换功能的保护结果相当,明显优于A组.结论:本实验模型可靠.稳定性好.在UW液中加入自体动脉血对离体肺灌注可以使肺保存时间明显延长、肺气体交换功能保存良好,明显优于其他组.在UW液中加入前列腺素E1和硝酸甘油对离体肺保护作用再次得到肯定,明显好于对照组,但和自体动脉血组相比仍有不足.     

Euro-Collins液、LPD液、前列腺素E1及硝酸甘油对离体肺保护作用的比较

目的 应用兔离体肺再灌注模型研究Euro-Collins液，低钾保护液（LPD）及LPN液（前列腺素E1，硝酸甘油加入LPD）在离体肺保护中的作用。方法 27只实验用兔随机分为3组（n=9)，分别以Euro-Collins液（E组），LPD液（L组）及LPN（LPN组）进行肺灌洗及保存。每组再分为3小组（各含6个肺）分别保存2，4，8h后进行再灌注，测定再灌注后肺血管阻力（PVR),肺通气阻力（LR），肺含水量（LW）及PO2以了解肺保护效果。结果 保存8h后E组LR显著增高，且明显高于L组及LPN组LPN组PVR在保存各时间明显低于E组及L组。结论 LPN组在保护肺血管内皮细胞及降低肺血管阻力方面优于E组及L组，作用机制可能通过扩张肺动脉，改善肺早期灌洗及抑制中性粒细胞，血小板在肺内聚集而减轻肺再灌注损伤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.