股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

骨折端分离对骨折愈合的影响

骨折端分离对骨折愈合的影响河南洛阳正骨研究所（４７１００２）孙维琰，段更庚笔者对１５０例股骨干骨折患者的临床观察，对骨折端分离与骨折愈合的影响进行了探讨，现报告如下。观察方法选择１８～６５岁创伤性新鲜闭合股骨干骨折１５０例，患者一般情况良好，无其他严...     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并股骨颈及转子间骨折或转子？…

目的 应用没髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折及转子间骨折或转子下粉碎骨折。方法 在１９９６年７月￣１９９８年１１月收治的１６例复杂股骨骨折中,股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折３例,合并转子间骨折４例,转子下粉碎骨折９例。其中１０例应用国产加长型Ｇａｍｍａ钉,６例使用Ｒｕｓｓｅｌｌ－Ｔａｙｌｏｒ股骨重建钉固定。结果 所有病例随访６￣２２个月,平均１１个月。除１例股骨干骨折合并同侧股骨颈骨折患术后     

中老年妇女骨折后再骨折的观察

目的　探讨中老年妇女骨折后再骨折发生情况及防治策略。方法　 1997年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 11月随访 5 99例骨折的中老年妇女 ,统计其骨折发生时的年龄、骨折部位及双能X线下测定其腰椎及髋部的骨密度 ,了解其再骨折的情况。结果　初次骨折时桡骨骨折、肱骨近端骨折、脊柱骨折组的年龄差异无显著性 ,而髋部骨折的年龄较其他组的差异有显著性。初次桡骨骨折时骨密度可不下降 ,而肱骨近端骨折、腰椎骨折、髋部骨折时骨量减少 ;肱骨近端骨折、腰椎骨折、髋部骨折患者的骨密度与桡骨骨折患者的骨密度比较差异有显著性 (P <0 . 0 1) ;再次骨折发生率为 15 . 9% ,以髋部骨折组发生率为最高 2 1. 2 1% ,各组骨密度均有下降 ,尤其髋部骨折组发生再骨折时伴有严重的骨质疏松。结论中老年妇女初次骨折是一个重要的风险预测因素 ,初次桡骨骨折后应定期复查骨密度等 ,进行骨质疏松的预防 ;肱骨近端、腰椎、髋部初次骨折发生后在积极治疗骨折的同时应进行骨质疏松的药物治疗 ,并防止跌倒 ,以防再发生骨折。     

桡骨远端骨折分型新论

桡骨远端骨折的分型国内外学者早有论述。1814年英国人克雷氏曾系统报道桡骨远端伸直型骨折,间接暴力引起,骨折远端向背侧桡侧移位,向掌侧成角。以后史密斯又报道桡骨远端屈曲型骨折。再后又报道背侧缘劈裂型骨折,又称巴尔通骨折和掌侧缘劈裂骨折,又称反巴尔通骨折。笔者在临床     

髋臼骨折常用的分类方法

一、按Judet和Letournel分类法： 将髋臼骨折分为简单骨折和复合骨折两大类共10种形式：1．简单骨折：是指骨折累及髋臼一个柱或壁，同时有横行骨折。包括：（1）后壁骨折；（2）后柱骨折；（3）前壁骨折；（4）前柱骨折；（5）横形骨折五种类型。2．复合骨折：是指含有两种以上简单骨折形式的骨折。包括：（1）后柱合并后壁骨折；（2）横形合并后壁骨折；（3）T形骨折，即横形骨折合并远折段的纵形骨折；（4）前柱或前壁合并后半横形骨折；（5）双柱骨折等五种类型。     

改良Judet手术入路治疗复杂肩胛骨骨折

目的探讨改良Judet手术入路治疗复杂肩胛骨骨折的适应证及疗效。方法自1997年1月至2005年10月经改良Judet手术入路治疗肩胛骨骨折21例,其中男性15例,女性6例,平均年龄34岁（18～62岁）。根据Hardegger的分型方法,肩胛体部骨折11处、肩胛颈骨折10处、盂缘骨折8处、盂窝骨折7处、肩胛冈骨折9处、肩峰骨折6处。其中多部位复杂骨折15例,伴有腋神经损伤2例,肩胛上神经损伤4例。通过改良Judet手术入路,对不同类型的肩胛骨骨折使用重建钢板或拉力螺钉等固定。结果18例患者获得随访,随访时间6个月至4年,平均21个月。根据Rowe疗效评价标准,优12例,良3例,可2例,差1例,优良率为83％。结论改良Judet入路操作简单,暴露充分,大多数类型的肩胛骨骨折可通过改良Judet入路完成,尤其适用于肩胛体部骨折,肩胛颈骨折,肩胛冈骨折以及不存在喙突、前部肩胛盂骨折的多部位复杂骨折,经改良Judet入路行骨折复位内固定是肩胛骨骨折手术治疗的一种安全有效方法。     

桡骨远端骨折的治疗现状

桡骨远端骨折是上肢骨折中最常见的骨折，约占整个骨科急诊骨折的1／6～1／4。人类对此种骨折的认识已有200多年的历史。Pouteau在1783年首先描述了这种骨折，1814年Abraham Colles详细描述了这种骨折的特点，并以Colles骨折命名。1838年Barton、1854年Smith、1887年Dupuytren等又分别详细描述了桡骨远端不同骨折类型的特点。     

从生物力学角度探讨斜形与横形骨折对骨折愈合的影响

目的 探讨斜形与横形骨折对骨折愈合速度影响的关系。方法 根据骨骼压电效应原理、临床观察、骨折临床愈合标准，并经电子计算机有限元计算，比较斜形与横形不同骨折形状骨折愈合的快慢。结果 横形骨折复位满意后固定牢固稳定，在骨折的早、中、后期均可承受压应力产生压电效应，斜形骨折则不能，而压电效应可促进骨痂生长。在悬臂梁状态（相当于上肢平举）骨折端所受应力与斜形或横形骨折的形状并无明显关系，而与骨折部位有很大关系。结论 在同一个体、相同部位、骨折复位好的情况下横形骨折比斜形骨折愈合较快。     

低能量损伤导致的Hoffa骨折1例报告

<正>Hoffa骨折是股骨髁冠状面骨折,累及一个或两个髁突,通常累及外侧髁,属关节内骨折,临床罕见,易漏诊,主要由高能量损伤所致[1]。由低能量损伤所致并合并胫骨平台骨折、腓骨颈骨折、内侧髁骨皮质撕裂骨折的病例极为罕见,未见文献报道。本院于2017年10月收治1例,采用膝后外侧入路和空心螺钉固定,治疗效果满意。报告如下。     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Fracture of the talus

Summary A total of 218 talar injuries were studied with particular attention to the nature and extent of associated injuries. In 96 patients (44%) there was a fracture of one of the neighbouring bones, viz. 59 fractures of the ankle, 27 of the calcaneum, and 11 of the navicular. Talar injury, ankle fracture, and calcaneal fracture co-existed in 7 patients. Among the cases complicated by ankle fractures 15 were open (25%) and many affected the trochlea (37%). Thirty-six (61%) of the ankle fractures associated with talar injuries were of the supination type, 8 of the pronation type, 5 of the pronation-external rotation type, and 2 of the supination-external rotation type. Of the talar injuries occurring in a supinated foot about half were shearing fractures of the talar neck. Of the 27 calcaneal fractures 11 were compression fractures with depression of the joint surface, whereas the others were non-displaced shearing fractures or avulsion fractures. It is concluded that as a rule the talar injury is not isolated, but associated with a more extensive regional injury and that a supination force is the decisive factor causing a talar injury.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié 218 traumatismes de l'astragale en tenant particulièrement compte de la nature et de l'étendue des lésions associées. Chez 96 blessés (44%), il existait une fracture d'un os voisin, à savoir: 59 fractures du cou-de-pied, 27 du calcanéum et 11 du scaphoïde tarsien. Sept fois, la lésion astragalienne était associée à une fracture du cou-de-pied et du calcanéum. Parmi les cas compliqués de fractures bimalléolaires, 15 étaient ouverts (25%) et plusieurs (37%) siégeaient au niveau de la poulie astragalienne.Trente-six (61%) des lésions associées du cou-de-pied étaient des fractures par supination, 5 étaient des fractures par pronation et 2 par supination-rotation externe. La moitié environ des traumatismes astragaliens survenus sur un pied en supination étaient des fractures par cisaillement du col de l'astragale. Parmi les 27 fractures du calcanéum, 11 étaient des fractures par compression, avec enfoncement thalamique, tandis que les autres étaient des fractures sans déplacement, par cisaillement, ou des fractures par avulsion.Les auteurs concluent qu'en règle un traumatisme de l'astragale n'est pas isolé mais associé à des lésions régionales plus étendues et qu'une force s'exerçant en supination constitue le facteur déterminant des lésions traumatiques de l'astragale.

     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Fractures of the thumb and finger metacarpals in athletes

Most metacarpal fractures are minimally displaced and are treated without surgery. Markedly displaced fractures, fractures causing finger rotation, and displaced intra-articular fractures require surgical intervention. The challenge with the elite athlete is achieving an early return to play without compromising fracture position. Casts, splints, and surgery each have a role in getting the athlete back into action as soon as possible.