外固定复位器在复杂胫骨平台骨折中的应用

目的观察外固定复位器在治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的作用。方法采用外固定器复位有限微创双切口内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折30例。结果30例均获随访,随访时间为14~30个月,平均20个月,切口均一期愈合,未发生骨折不愈合,按照Lysholm评分标准,优良率为93.33%。结论外固定器复位有限切开内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折复位容易,手术时间短,对膝关节软组织创伤小,固定牢靠能早期进行功能锻炼,是复杂胫骨平台骨折较为理想的治疗方法。     

胫骨Pilon骨折34例临床治疗探讨

目的:分析在高能量胫骨Pilon骨折治疗中有限内固定结合外固定的疗效。方法:对2006-06～2011-05采用有限内固定结合外固定手术治疗的34例胫骨高能量Pilon骨折患者资料进行回顾分析。结果:34例患者3个月内愈合骨折愈合16例,4～6个月骨折愈合15,3例在7～8个月愈合,平均骨折愈合时间3.9个月。踝关节功能恢复优良率达85.29%(29/34)。3例患者发生针道感染,经治疗痊愈。结论:有限内固定结合外固定手术手术操作安全、简单、切口小,在达到内固定的同时,减少了软组织损伤、感染和皮肤坏死的发生,使骨愈合时间和效果提升。     

高能量胫骨Pilon骨折术式选择及疗效相关因素

目的 通过3种术式疗效分析,探索不同情况高能量胫骨Pilon骨折的手术方法,并浅析影响胫骨Pilon骨折疗效的相关因素。方法 对38例单侧胫骨Pilon骨折分别行急诊切开复位内固定术（A组）、延期切开复位内固定术（B组）、Orthofix公司单侧带关节外固定架结合有限内固定（C组）手术。结果 术后随访12～48个月,平均30个月。手术疗效用经Mazur评分系统评定：优10例,良14例,町6例,差8例,优良率63．2％。结论 如果选择好手术适应证及时机,此3种手术方法治疗胫骨Pilon骨折均有较好疗效。影响手术疗效的因素除骨折类型、胫骨关节面的复位质量、腓骨骨折的复位和固定、移植骨填充及适宜固定物的选择等外,还与手术适应证的选择及手术时机的把握、骨折周围软组织损伤情况有关。     

加强型单环与单臂Hybrid外固定器结合有限内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的 探讨使用加强型单环与单臂Hybrid外固定器结合有限内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法 回顾分析21例复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床特点、手术方法及临床疗效。本组男15例，女6例；年龄22～75岁，平均38．9岁。致伤原因：交通伤11例，坠落伤7例，重物砸伤3例。采用Schatzker分型：Ⅴ型骨折13例，Ⅵ型骨折8例。 结果 随访10～24个月，平均15．9个月，所有患者均骨性愈合。根据Merchant的评分标准，优7例，良10例，可4例，优良率达81％。结论 加强型单环与单臂Hybrid外固定器结合有限内固定技术能减少并发症，避免膝关节僵硬，是治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的有效治疗方法。     

关节镜下经皮植骨螺钉内固定治疗胫骨平台SchatzkerⅠ～Ⅲ型骨折

目的：探讨胫骨平台SchatzkerⅠ～Ⅲ型骨折患者采用关节镜辅助下经皮植骨螺钉内固定治疗的临床效果观察。方法采用随机数字表法将我院2011年3月～2013年3月收治的45例胫骨外侧平台SchatzkerⅠ～Ⅲ型骨折患者分为研究组（23例）和对照组（22例）,研究组采用关节镜辅助下经皮植骨螺钉内固定治疗,对照组采用传统切开复位内固定治疗,比较两组患者的术中情况及术后疗效。结果随访6～12个月,所有患者伤口均一期愈合,无感染、愈合迟缓病例;研究组患者骨折愈合时间、Lysholm评分、雍氏评分均显著优于对照组（P＜0．05）;研究组的疗效分布、总优良率均显著优于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论关节镜辅助下经皮植骨螺钉内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折患者较传统切开复位手术具有更好的临床效果,同时缩短患者愈合时间。     

手术结合早期功能锻炼治疗复杂型胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效评价

目的：探讨手术结合早期功能锻炼治疗复杂型胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析手术治疗并获得随访的胫骨平台骨折患者38例,术后24 h后开始行CPM膝关节功能训练。Schatzker分型,Ⅳ型15例,Ⅴ型11例,Ⅵ型12例。结果：所有患者随访时间平均27.2个月（6～50个月）,骨折愈合时间9～17周,平均13.2周,无严重并发症出现。术后2周膝关节屈曲平均100.0°（75°～130°）;最后随访时膝关节屈曲平均118.5°（85°～130°）,膝关节HSS评分平均88.5分（80～100分）。结论：复杂型胫骨平台骨折手术复位内固定结合早期功能锻炼可获得良好的功能恢复。     

有限内固定结合外固定架治疗胫骨中段B型骨折

有限内固定结合外固定架方法治疗胫骨中段B型骨折45例,平均骨折愈合时间为2个月;无手术损伤并发症,患者膝踝关节功能恢复良好。     

外固定架联合有限内固定治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折疗效观察

目的探讨外固定架联合有限内固定治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法外固定架联合有限内固定治疗胫骨骨折患者40例,拉力螺钉或钢丝有限内固定,外固定架辅助固定治疗。结果40例患者随访7～16个月,平均13个月,骨折愈合率100%,关节功能恢复正常。结论该方法手术操作简便,手术时间短,创伤小,不影响关节功能康复,符合生物力学要求,是治疗胫骨粉碎性骨折的一种有效的方法。     

外侧解剖型钢板在胫骨远端骨折中的应用

采用外侧解剖型钢板治疗25例胫骨远端骨折,评价其在胫骨远端骨折的应用价值。随访6个月～3年,骨折均骨性愈合。对于胫骨远端骨折采用外侧解剖型钢板,手术简单有效,并发症少,便于患者早期功能锻炼,是治疗胫骨远端骨折较理想的内固定方法。     

有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法选择2010年1月~2013年6月在新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院米东医院外科收治的复杂胫骨平台骨折患者92例(SchatzkerⅣ型41例,Ⅴ型25例,Ⅵ型26例),男性61例,女性31例;年龄31~77岁,平均54.2岁。所有患者均为开放性骨折(Gustilo分型:Ⅰ型38例,Ⅱ型26例,Ⅲ28例),按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各46例。观察组采用有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗,对照组采用单纯钢板内固定传统手术治疗。对比两组手术情况、术后骨折愈合情况以及关节炎发生率,并对伤膝关节功能进行评估。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、术后愈合时间以及微动移位分别为(183.09±26.47)min、(304.75±51.47)mL、(0.57±0.11)周、(0.14±0.03)mm,均显著低于对照组的(213.47±34.23)min、(361.37±56.83)mL、(0.74±0.15)周、(0.31±0.07)mm;观察组术后膝关节评定优良率以及术后愈合率分别为97.83%(45/46)和93.48%(43/46),均显著高于对照组82.61%(38/46)和78.26%(36/46),而术后关节炎发生率观察组2.17%(1/46)低于对照组13.04%(6/46),上述差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折对患者造成的创伤小,术后恢复快,并且愈合程度高、关节炎发生率低,适合临床推广应用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.