一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核临床观察

[目的] 探讨经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路/后路内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效.[方法] 对24例胸腰椎结核患者,经3～4周正规抗结核治疗,行前路病灶清除、椎间大块自体髂骨/肋骨植骨、一期前路/后路内固定术,术后继续抗结核治疗18～24个月.[结果] 1例脊柱结核复发(3%).23例植骨融合,植骨融合率为96.9%,植骨愈合时间 4～8个月(平均6个月).无窦道形成.脊柱后凸畸形平均矫正80%.[结论] 经前路病灶清除植骨一期前路/后路内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核能彻底清除结核病灶,对脊髓及神经根进行彻底减压,促进脊髓及神经功能恢复,矫正脊柱后凸畸形,同时一期建立和恢复脊柱的连续性和稳定性,促进脊柱植骨融合,提高脊柱结核的治愈率.     

一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的总结一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的经验。方法采用一期前路病灶清除、自体植骨、前路内固定治疗胸腰椎结核19例。结果平均随访15个月,脊髓神经功能得到不同程度地恢复,术后平均5.2个月达满意植骨融合,无内固定失败和脊柱结核病灶复发,后凸畸形矫正满意,Cobb角平均23.4°,平均矫正21.3°。结论一期前路病灶清除植骨融合内固定术可使病变节段在术后即刻重建稳定性,为脊柱融合和结核病灶的静止提供良好的力学环境,是外科治疗脊柱结核安全、有效的方法。     

一期前路手术内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的:总结一期前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨及前路内固定治疗脊柱结核的临床疗效,探讨一期重建脊柱稳定性的必要性和安全性。方法:自2000年5月至2003年1月共收治21例脊柱结核患者,采用一期前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨及前路内固定治疗,其中颈椎2例、胸椎6例、胸腰段5例、腰椎8例。平均受累椎体数为2.6个。结果:经平均17个月随访,所有患者均临床痊愈,无伤口感染或窦道形成,植骨均完全融合,融合时间平均为3.6个月。术前后凸畸形角度为41.1°±15.6°,术后为13.5°±8.3°,平均17个月随访时为15.9°±6.7°。后凸畸形矫正角度平均为27.6°±9.2°,后期矫正度丢失为2.4°±3.3°。结论:一期前路手术内固定治疗脊柱结核能有效清除病灶、矫正后凸畸形、早期重建脊柱的稳定性及促进椎体间植骨的融合,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核

目的:评价一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法:采用一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合手术治疗胸、腰椎结核患者17例,按照Frankel分级评定患者手术前后的神经功能,根据X线片评价植骨融合时间,测量术前、术后后凸角度及随访期内的角度丢失。结果:17例患者结核病灶清除彻底,切口均Ⅰ期愈合、无窦道形成,结核治愈无复发。后凸畸形平均矫正19.2°;在随访期内,后凸畸形矫正有1°~4°丢失。X线片示植骨界面骨性融合时间平均5个月。3例出现并发症,对症处理后好转。结论:一期前路病灶清除、后路内固定并横突间植骨融合治疗胸、腰椎结核的疗效确切,具有迅速缓解症状、早期离床活动和较理想的脊柱矫形等优点,是治疗胸、腰椎结核的有效方法。     

一期前路手术内固定珊瑚人工骨植入治疗脊柱结核

目的 探讨脊柱结核手术治疗中一期前路病灶清除椎体间植珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨融合同时前路内固定手术治疗的安全性、有效性.方法 总结18例脊柱结核患者,采用一期前路病灶清除,椎体间植珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨融合,前路内固定器内固定治疗.结果 平均随访25个月,18例患者血沉恢复正常时间平均为术后2个月,无局部结核复发、窦道形成,植骨全部骨性融合,融合时间平均为术后5.8个月,后凸畸形矫正平均较术前纠正23.6°.神经功能全部得到显著改善.结论 脊柱结核内固定可有效纠正脊柱后凸畸形,早期重建脊柱稳定性,有助于植骨融合和减少结核复发,在结核病灶彻底清除的同时,植珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨是安全有效的.植骨替代材料,珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨的应用,避免了取自体骨带来的并发症.     

前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定治疗脊柱结核

目的观察前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核的效果。方法总结1997年1月至2004年6月采用前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核41例,病变位于颈椎3例、胸椎3例、胸腰椎20例、腰椎14例、腰骶椎1例,术前有后凸成角畸形9~°71,°平均32°。Ⅰ期前路病灶清除、植骨、内固定31例,Ⅰ期前路病灶清除、植骨、后路内固定6例,Ⅱ期后路内固定4例。结果平均随访1.6 a,优良率为87.8%,植骨融合率为92.7%,平均矫正后凸角度15.3(°P<0.05),随访期间无1例复发。结论前路病灶清除、植骨、前路或后路内固定治疗脊柱结核有利于恢复脊柱的早期稳定性,融合率高,可预防及矫正脊柱后凸畸形。     

病灶清除一期植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨病灶清除一期植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年3月～2006年3月期间采用病灶清除一期植骨内固定治疗的胸腰椎结核患者22例的临床资料。结果术后均获随访,平均2.1(0.5～4)年。胸腰背部疼痛消失,X线示术后18个月内获骨性融合者21例(95.5%)。1例术后抗结核治疗仅3月,半年后复发,经再次病灶清除后愈合。术后脊柱后凸角度为10°±4°,平均矫正角度为12.5°。结论前路病灶清除、一期植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核是安全有效的,但要严格把握手术的适应证和手术时机。     

前路一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨经前路一期病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核的临床疗效。方法2004年10月-2009年3月,采用前路一期病灶清除椎间植骨融合内固定的手术方式治疗胸腰椎结核31例。术前正规抗结核化疗3-5周,术中彻底的清除病灶,对于骨缺损采用自体髂骨或多根肋骨支撑植骨修复,同时行前路钉板或钉棒系统内固定,术后卧床4-6周,继续正规化疗12个月左右。结果所有患者均获得6-37个月的随访,结核病灶顺利愈合,植骨稳定、融合,内固定无失效,脊柱后凸畸形得到矫正和预防,术前伴有神经症状者神经症状基本消失。结论对胸腰椎结核行前路一期病灶清除植骨融合内固定可有效地重建脊柱稳定性、矫正和预防脊柱后凸畸形,获得良好的骨性融合,临床疗效可靠。     

前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的总结前路病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核的临床效果。方法对12例脊柱结核患者采用一期病灶清除结合植骨内固定,手术前后配合正规化疗,根据X线片观察脊柱融合时间和脊柱后凸角度变化。结果随访时间8~45个月,全部病例未出现严重并发症。植骨界面骨性融合时间4.5~8个月。后凸矫正度数为7°~18°。结论一期病灶清除植骨内固定治疗脊柱结核,骨结构重建可靠,治疗过程相对简化,效果肯定。     

前路内固定治疗胸腰椎结核伴后凸畸形与截瘫

目的：探讨前路植骨内固定治疗胸腰段脊柱结核伴后凸畸形与截瘫的疗效。方法：1996年～2002年4月采用前路病灶清除，植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎结核伴后凸畸形与截瘫62例，观察术后植骨融合、畸形矫正、截瘫恢复及结核病灶愈合情况。结果：平均随访2年2个月，56例患者获访，平均融合时间为3．6个月。骨性融合率100％。在胸段、胸腰段及腰段后凸畸形分别平均纠正29°、15°及9°，随访时无矫正度丢失；伴截瘫者11例，Frankel神经功能平均恢复2级；本组脊柱结核均治愈。结论：一期前路病灶清除植骨内固定，融合时间短，畸形矫正效果好，减压彻底，有利于截瘫恢复。     

脊柱前路手术的适应证

脊柱外科手术入路的选择常常取决于脊柱外科医师的手术技能。随着脊柱生物力学研究的深入、影像诊断技术的发展以及脊柱融合与内固定技术的进步 ,脊柱前路手术已作为许多脊柱疾患的常规治疗方法而逐渐普及。掌握适应证对于脊柱外科手术的成功至关重要 ,笔者就脊柱前路手术适应证的选择作一讨论。1　前方减压与稳定包括椎体和椎间盘在内的脊柱前部结构担负着脊柱的大部分生物力学功能 ,因而多数脊柱伤病系以累及脊柱前部结构为主。1.1　 感染与肿瘤　脊柱感染和肿瘤最容易累及的是椎体和椎间盘 ,经前路施行病灶清除及椎管减压手术常常为病情…     

侧方途径切除胸腰椎肿瘤和脊柱重建

目的探讨侧方入路手术途径切除胸腰椎肿瘤和重建脊柱稳定性的临床疗效和意义。方法29例T3～T4肿瘤患者，Frankel神经功能分级：A级3例，B级5例，C级7例，D级6例，E级8例。经侧方入路手术途径显露病椎前方、侧方和后方，切除肿瘤以及上下相邻椎间盘，然后根据肿瘤的具体情况进行不同肜式的脊柱稳定性的重建。结果围手术期无死亡病例，患者出院时Frankel神经功能分级，A级2例，B级3例．C级4例，D级4例，E级16例。术后获访23例，随访时间13～58个月，死亡4例；神经功能情况，13例较出院时有改善，加重1例。结论侧方入路手术途径无需经胸／腹膜腔，患者容易耐受手术，适合于某些胸腰椎肿瘤的切除和脊柱稳定性的重建。     

Atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis

Summary Twenty-three patients with atypical forms of spinal tuberculosis treated between 1975 and 1985, are described.All presented with signs and symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or cauda equina, ranging from paraesthesiae and increasing weakness of extremities to paraplegia and loss of sphincter control. None of them showed visible or palpable spinal deformity nor the typical radiographic appearance of destruction of the intervertebral disc and the two adjoining vertebral bodies. These atypical forms constituted about 12 percent of all the cases of spinal tuberculosis seen (a total of 190 cases); and fell into three well-defined groups: those with the involvement of neural arch only; those with the inolvement of a single vertebral body; and, those without bony involvement. The correct surgical approach in these groups was found to be different: spinal cord compression caused by the tuberculous disease of the neural arch was best treated by laminectomy; whereas single vertebral body disease required an anterior or anterolateral approach. Spinal computerized tomography was helpful in defining the extent of disease and planning the surgical approach. Histological confirmation of tuberculosis was obtained in all the cases and acid fast bacilli (A.F.B.) were found in, and cultured from, the biopsy specimens of 18 cases.     

Incidence and significance of findings on spinal MRIs in a paediatric population with spinal column complaints

PurposeWe sought to identify correlations between working diagnosis, surgeon indication for obtaining spinal MRI and positive MRI findings in paediatric patients presenting with spinal disorders or complaints.MethodsSurgeons recorded their primary indication for ordering a spinal MRI in 385 consecutive patients. We compared radiologist-reported positive MRI findings with surgeon response, indication, working diagnosis and patient demographics.ResultsThe most common surgeon-stated indications were pain (70) and coronal curve characteristics (63). Radiologists reported 137 (36%) normal and 248 (64%) abnormal MRIs. In total, 58% of abnormal reports (145) did not elicit a therapeutic or investigative response, which we characterized as ‘clinically inconsequential’. In all, 42 of 268 (16%) presumed idiopathic scoliosis patients had intradural pathology noted on MRI.Younger age (10.3 years versus 12.0 years) was the only significant demographic difference between patients with or without intradural pathology. Surgeon indication ‘curve magnitude at presentation’ was associated with intradural abnormality identification. However, average Cobb angles between patients with or without an intradural abnormality was not significantly different (39° versus 37°, respectively). Back pain without neurological signs or symptoms was a negative predictor of intradural pathology.ConclusionRadiologists reported a high frequency of abnormalities on MRI (64%), but 58% of those were deemed clinically inconsequential. Patients with MRI abnormalities were two years’ younger than those with a normal or inconsequential MRI. ‘Curve magnitude at presentation’ in presumed idiopathic scoliosis patients was the only predictor of intrathecal pathology. ‘Pain’ was the only indication significantly associated with clinically inconsequential findings on MRI.Level of evidence:III     

椎管内肿瘤的诊断及手术治疗

探讨椎管内肿瘤的临床特点及手方法。方法１０３例椎管内肿瘤患者均经手术治疗,颈椎行单开门术暴露椎管,胸椎行全椎板切除,腰椎椎则行次全椎板切队鹘椎椎管内外哑铃型肿瘤分别采用颈前路和肋骨横突切除术入路。结果随访８２例平均随访时间３．５年,优良率为８１．７％。     

MR-imaging of chronic spinal cord injury. Association with neurologic function

Twenty-two para- and tetraplegic patients with chronic spinal cord injuries were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The clinical course in the entire rehabilitation period was recorded and an attempt was made to associate the functional status of the patients with the morphologic findings on MRI. Small and large spinal cord cysts and syringomyelia, cord atrophy, and spinal stenosis were found. Additionally, in a number of patients regions of increased signal intensity within the cord, interpreted as myelomalacia, and obliteration of the intradural extramedullary space, interpreted as arachnopathy, were noted. The large number (13/22) of cystic lesions in our patients was unexpected. It was in contrast to the rate reported in autopsy studies of paraplegics which note only few cysts. Whereas a direct association of morphologic findings with neurologic symptoms and the clinical course was difficult, it was found that patients with large cysts and spinal cord atrophy generally showed no tendency to improve in spite of the measures taken during the rehabilitation period. It is difficult to decide whether the initial trauma with cord hemorrhage is limiting the chance of neurological improvement or if a sequence of events leading from hemorrhage to gliosis and cystic necrosis is the determining factor.     

椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折

目的探讨椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的疗效和安全性.方法在C臂X线机监测下对20例36个椎体行椎体成形术(均为后壁完整疼痛剧烈老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折).观察术后症状改善情况,分析并发症.结果20例椎体成形术术后均未出现肺栓塞、神经损伤等并发症,CT检查无椎管内或椎间孔渗漏.术后随访5～18个月,17例疼痛消失,2例明显减轻,1例缓解.结论椎体成形术是治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折安全有效的方法.     

Somatosensory evoked potential

Summary Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) have been used to help minimize neurologic morbidity during spinal surgery. While this is a sensory test it has been used as an inference of motor function. The failure to always achieve the latter goal has resulted in some pessimism regarding the value of this test. In this series of 161 operations in 150 patients, it was demonstrated that SSEPs were recordable under anesthesia in 87% of patients. Of these patients, 12% had their spinal surgery interrupted due to significant neurophysiologic changes; of these patients, 18% had new neurologic deficits postoperatively. There were no cases with new neurologic deficits who had no changes in their SSEPs. It was concluded that SSEP monitoring may be helpful in identifying potentially neurologically threatening surgical maneuvers in a significant number of patients.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折损伤部位和椎管内占位程度与神经损伤的关系

目的探讨胸腰椎爆裂骨折骨折部位及椎管内骨块占位程度与神经损伤的关系。方法对213例胸腰椎爆裂骨折根据骨折部位及CT测出的椎管内骨折骨块占位程度与神经损伤进行分析评定。结果神经损伤组椎管骨折骨块占位程度明显高于无神经损伤组;在有神经损伤情况下,骨折部位椎管内骨块占位程度腰段大于胸腰段;神经损伤程度与椎管内骨块占位程度无显著相关。结论胸腰椎爆裂骨折椎管内骨块占位压迫是神经损伤的重要因素;神经损伤与骨折部位和椎管内骨块占位程度联合相关。     

胸椎管狭窄症术后脊髓缺血再灌注损伤的临床分析

目的 探讨胸椎管狭窄症患者手术后出现脊髓功能受损的原因,总结脊髓手术后缺血再灌注损伤(spinal cord ischemic reperfusion injury,SCII)[1]的预处理和早期治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我科2年内收治的32例胸椎管狭窄症患者术后脊髓恢复情况,出现脊髓损伤患者的临床资料及处理方法,并对其预后进行客观评估.结果 2年内在收治并手术的胸椎管狭窄症患者中,手术减压前给予1克甲基强的松龙预防.5例患者于手术后出现不同程度的脊髓功能受损,即刻给予大剂量甲基强的松龙冲击治疗、脱水药及神经营养药,1例患者症状改善不理想,2例患者症状部分改善,生活可自理,2例患者基本恢复正常.结论 胸椎管狭窄症患者手术后出现的脊髓功能受损可能是脊髓缺血再灌注损伤引起,再灌注损伤在胸椎管狭窄症患者中较多见,但出现严重监床症状的少见,诊断有一定的困难.妥善的处理可望改善患者的生存质量.