老年原发性高血压患者血清生长激素与胰岛素间的相关性分析

目的 :探讨老年原发性高血压 (EH)患者血清生长激素与胰岛素水平的改变、相关性及其临床意义。方法 :采用放射免疫分析测定了 88例老年原发性高血压患者和 4 0例非高血压患者的血清生长激素和胰岛素水平 ,并进行统计学分析。结果 :EH组血清生长激素水平显著低于对照组 (p <0 0 1 ) ,胰岛素显著高于对照组(p <0 0 1 ) ,两者间呈显著的正相关 (p<0 0 5 ) ,但与平均动脉压均无显著的相关性意义 (p均 >0 0 5 )。Ⅲ期组血清生长激素显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期组 (p<0 0 1 ,p <0 0 5 ) ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期组间血清生长激素依次递减 ,方差检验具有显著的差异 (p <0 0 1 ) ,而胰岛素无显著差异 (p >0 0 5 )。 1、2、3级组血清生长激素与胰岛素虽依次递减 ,但无统计学意义 (p >0 0 5 )。低危组、中危组、高危组、很高危组间血清生长激素也依次递减 ,方差检验具有显著的差异 (p <0 0 1 ) ,而胰岛素无显著差异 (p >0 0 5 )。伴心脑血管并发症组血清生长激素水平显著低于无并发症组 (p <0 0 1 ) ,但胰岛素却无显著差异 (p >0 0 5 )。结论 :老年原发性高血压 (EH)患者血清生长激素水平显著低于对照组 ;Ⅲ期组血清生长激素显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期组 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期组间血清生长激素依次显著递减 ;低危组、中危组、高危组、很高     

母体不同孕期与新生儿血中瘦素水平的观察

目的 :观察母体在不同孕期血清与新生儿脐血中瘦素水平变化及其相关关系。方法 :应用放射免疫分析 ,随机对 3 0 0例孕前、孕早期、孕中期和临产时母体血清及新生儿脐血中的瘦素水平进行了检测。结果 :妇女孕早期与孕前血中瘦素之间变化基本一致 (p >0 0 5 ) ,从孕中期开始血清瘦素水平则明显升高 ,分娩时达到高峰 (p <0 0 5或p <0 0 1)。新生儿脐血中瘦素水平与孕前母体血中瘦素水平较为一致。妇女妊娠前、后血清瘦素水平均与体重、体重指数、腹围、子宫底高度、舒张压、收缩压呈正相关。新生儿脐血瘦素水平与出生体重呈正相关 ;而与其母体瘦素水平呈负相关。结论 :新生儿瘦素来自自身 ,其浓度主要由脂肪组织的积累程度决定。检测孕期母血中瘦素浓度对判断、预测胎儿体重帮助意义不大 ,但可以了解母体孕期体重增加程度 ,并对妊娠高血压综合征的临床观察和预后判断有一定价值     

妊娠糖尿病患者血清生长激素及C-肽检测的相关性

目的探讨血清生长激素(GH)在妊娠糖尿病糖(GDM)中的临床作用。方法将56例妊娠糖尿病患者按空腹血糖(FBG)控制好坏分为甲乙两组,同时20例健康孕期妇女作为正常对照组,应用电化学发光法测定GH及C肽,应用氧化酶法测定FBG。结果血糖控制不理想患者血清GH明显高于血糖稳定的患者,而后者血清GH与对照组相比无明显差异,使用Person相关分析GDM患者血清中GH与C肽呈负相关,相关系数为-0.814。结论糖尿病时的GH生高可能是机体对长期糖代谢紊乱及其慢性并发症所产生的一种应激反应。对血糖控制不良的妊娠糖尿病人及并发症者行血清GH测定具有一定的临床意义,它可以作为反映妊娠糖尿病病情的客观指标。     

妊娠期高血压疾病与血钙水平的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠期高血压疾病与母体血清钙水平的关系。方法检测102例妊娠期高血压疾病患者产前外周血清钙含量,将100例正常晚期妊娠妇女及100例非妊娠健康妇女作为对照组进行比较。结果妊娠期高血压疾病组低钙例数为89例,占87.25%,与妊娠对照组及非妊娠对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。妊娠对照组的血钙水平为（2.14±0.30）mmol/L,与非妊娠对照组相比降低,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而妊娠期高血压疾病组的血钙水平为（1.87±0.28）mmol/L,与妊娠对照组及非妊娠对照组相比显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论母体血清钙含量降低可能在妊娠期高血压疾病病理生理变化中起重要作用,在监测血钙水平的同时,可进行有针对性的钙剂治疗。     

孕期甲状腺功能相关检测参考范围研究

目的 建立北京地区健康妊娠妇女不同妊娠时期的血清甲状腺激素水平的正常参考范围,为正确评价孕期甲状腺功能和诊断甲状腺疾病提供了依据.方法 按照美国国家临床生化研究院(NACB)的标准,随机选择20 ～ 35岁健康妊娠期妇女360名作为研究组,并按孕周分为妊娠早、中、晚期,同时随机选取符合标准的非妊娠健康妇女135名作为对照组,检测比较三碘甲状腺素(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离三碘甲状腺素(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)的水平.结果 妊娠期妇女甲状腺激素水平与非妊娠期妇女多组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).非妊娠期妇女血清各项检测指标的参考范围分别为:TT3:1.26～2.07nmol/L,TT4:83.34 ～ 136.21 nmol/L,FT3:4.27～6.29pmol/L,FT4:9.35～15.23pmol/L,TSH:0.60 ～5.99μIU/mL.妊娠期妇女血清TT3水平在妊娠早、中、晚期的参考范围分别为:1.54～2.91nmol/L、1.48～2.85nmol/L、1.48～2.65nmol/L;血清TT4水平在妊娠早、中、晚期的参考范围分别为:96.74～178.53nmol/L、84.44～ 172.07nmol/L、84.60 ～ 151.29 nmol/L;血清FT3水平在妊娠早、中、晚期的参考范围分别为:3.86～5.81 pmol/L、3.57～ 5.54pmol/L、3.47 ～ 5.13pmol/L;血清FT4水平在妊娠早、中、晚期的参考范围分别为:6.87～14.42pmol/L、6.27 ～ 10.86pmol/L、6.63～11.05pmol/L;血清TSH在妊娠早、中、晚期参考范围分别为:0.60 ～3.98 μIU/mL、0.22～4.69μIU/mL、0.44～ 5.02μIU/mL.结论 妊娠期妇女血清甲状腺激素水平与非妊娠期妇女存在明显差异,且妊娠各期之间亦存在明显差异.因此,目前临床上通常应用非孕期甲状腺检测的参考范围评价孕期甲状腺功能是不正确的,建立北京地区妊娠期妇女甲状腺激素参考范围具有重要意义.     

血清叶酸和维生素在孕妇不同妊娠期表达及临床意义分析

目的探讨血清叶酸和维生素在孕妇不同妊娠期表达及临床意义。方法选取2017年1月至2018年1月于我院进行正常孕检保健的120例妊娠妇女作为观察组,选择同期于我院体检正常的60例非妊娠妇女作为对照组,采用化学发光免疫分析方法检测血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12的水平,并比较两组以及观察组不同孕期妊娠妇女上述指标水平差异。结果观察组孕妇血清铁蛋白和维生素B12水平均显著低于对照组,孕中、晚期妊娠妇女血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12水平均低于早孕期(P0.05);观察组孕妇血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B1的缺乏率显著高于对照组(P0.05),且孕晚期孕妇血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12缺乏率均较孕早期孕妇高(P0.05)。结论妊娠妇女血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12水平较非妊娠妇女低,对不同孕期孕妇进行血清叶酸、铁蛋白和维生素B12水平的监测,可以快速准确分析孕妇贫血原因及状态,有效预防和治疗贫血症状,促进胎儿正常发育。     

子痫前期及子痫患者中期因子的表达及临床研究

目的:研究子痫前期及子痫患者的中期因子的表达及临床意义。方法:选取我院2009年1月-2010年12月产科住院的轻度子痫前期、重度子痫前期-子痫患者各60例,同期住院的正常妊娠晚期妇女60例,检测各组母体血清中期因子含量和记录孕产妇及围生儿并发症情况。结果:轻度子痫前期时母体血清MK表达明显升高,与正常妊娠晚期组相比较有统计学意义(P<0.01);重度子痫前期-子痫时MK表达明显降低,与正常妊娠晚期组、轻度子痫前期组相比较,有统计学意义(P<0.01)。三组母体及围生儿并发症相比较,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MK可作为疾病的监测和预后的重要指标,可成为该病治疗的新途径。     

新疆不同民族孕妇血清CG水平的监测及其临床意义

探讨新疆不同民族孕妇血清甘胆酸 (CG)对妊娠期肝内胆汁郁积症 (ICP)的临床诊断价值。用放射免疫法检测正常少数民族及汉族孕妇和少数民族、汉族孕妇ICP患者血清CG及丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT) ,并进行对比分析。结果显示 :正常妊娠中期少数民族、汉族孕妇CG含量无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;正常妊娠晚期少数民族孕妇CG含量明显高于汉族孕妇 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;不同民族ICP患者组CG含量和ALT水平均明显高于正常妊娠中、晚期组 ,有显著差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,少数民族ICP组CG含量和ALT水平均明显高于汉族ICP组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :应将血清CG测定作为孕妇的常规检查 ,这对及时诊断和治疗ICP极为重要 ,同样要重视少数民族孕妇CG水平的监测 ,加强少数民族孕妇围产期的保健工作。     

川南地区各孕期甲状腺激素变化及参考范围

目的 通过研究本地区正常妊娠妇女早、中、晚期的甲状腺激素水平变化,建立适合于本地区正常妊娠各期的甲状腺激素参考范围.方法 选取2012年1月至2016年4月在本地区单胎妊娠的健康孕妇1113例,健康非妊娠妇女493例作为对照组,采用日本东曹AIA2000电化学发光分析仪测定甲状腺素水平,进行统计学分析.结果 妊娠妇女各期甲状腺激素水平均低于正常非妊娠妇女,妊娠妇女各期甲状腺激素水平均呈偏态分布,以中位数(M)及双侧限值(P2.5～ P97.5)表示甲状腺激素妊娠各期的参考范围.非妊娠妇女与各孕期组比较,FT3、FT4、TSH差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),不同孕期间,FT3、FT4、TSH两两比较,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),厂家提供的参考范围与不同孕期妇女参考范围差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)结论 正常妊娠妇女的甲状腺激素水平与非妊娠妇女明显不同,且不同孕期之间存在差异,建立本适合地区正常孕妇妊娠各期甲状腺激素参考范围将有助于妊娠期甲状腺功能紊乱的临床诊疗.     

正常孕妇产前、后甲状腺激素RIA变化的临床意义

正常妊娠妇女孕期体内激素均有不同程度的变化。这些变化将对胎儿的正常生长发育起着关键性的作用。为了解孕妇分娩前、后甲状腺激素水平的变化 ,我们对 181名中、晚期及产后一周内的孕、产妇血清Ｔ3 、Ｔ4 及ＴＳＨ的变化进行观察 ,现报告如下。对象和方法一、对象 :(一 )对照组 :5 0名 ,年龄 2 0～ 2 6岁。均为我院门诊健康未孕女性。(二 )孕妇组 :181例 ,年龄 2 2～ 36岁 ,均系来我院进行孕期检查及分娩的妇女 ,否认任何甲状腺疾患。其中中孕组(孕 13～ 2 8周 ) 74例 ;晚孕组 (孕 >2 8周 ) 5 7例 ,产后组 (分娩1周内 ) 5 0例。二、方法 :…     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.