术后肝动脉化疗栓塞对提高肝细胞癌术后无瘤生存率的意义

目的　评价术后采用肝动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)对提高肝细胞癌患者术后无瘤生存率的价值。　方法　对 172 5例行肝细胞癌切除术的患者进行回顾性随访 ,资料完整者 14 5 7例 ,其中 2 0 9例术后行TACE。对肿瘤子灶、血管侵犯、肿瘤包膜完整、小肝癌 (≤ 5 0cm)和肝硬化与否 10个因素分组 ,每组再按术后是否行TACE分别进行无瘤生存分析。采用SAS 6 12和EGRET软件 ,以Kaplan Meier法计算无瘤生存率 ,χ2 检验进行显著性差异检验。　结果　肿瘤包膜完整和无肝硬化 2组术后行TACE与未行TACE的无瘤生存率比较差异无显著意义 (χ2 =2 34,χ2 =0 0 6 ,P >0 0 5 )。其他 8个因素组中术后有无行TACE间生存率比较 ,差异有显著意义 ,P值均 <0 0 5。予TACE者无瘤生存率明显高于未行者。　结论　除病理结果提示肿瘤包膜完整和无肝硬化的患者之外 ,肝切除术后给予TACE将有助于提高患者术后的无瘤生存率 ,对提高手术疗效具有重要意义     

肝脏肿瘤动脉栓塞化疗术后胆管狭窄

目的 分析肝脏经导管动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1994年6月至2010年3月在浙江省人民医院及上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院行肝脏TACE治疗后出现胆管狭窄的15例患者的临床资料.7例为原发性肝癌,5例为肝脏血管瘤,3例为转移性肝癌,原发疾病分别为结肠癌2例和胰腺癌1例.肝脏TACE后出现梗阻性黄疸的时间为5～16个月,中位时间为9个月.结果 15例胆管狭窄病例均出现不同程度的梗阻性黄疸,13例经外科手术或经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC)+放置胆管支架,2例仅行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD).术后梗阻性黄疸均获得明显缓解.5例肝血管瘤状况良好;2例原发性肝癌TACE后梗阻性黄疸随访2年,无胆管梗阻再发和肿瘤复发;其余8例随访3～18个月,均死于原发病恶化.结论手术或介入手段治疗肝脏TACE术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸可获得良好的治疗效果,应根据原发病和胆管梗阻的部位、范围决定治疗方式.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the treatment of obstructive jaundice caused by bile duct strictures after hepatic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in hepatic tumor patients. Methods A retrospective review (Jun 1994 - Mar 2010) of databases at two institutions (Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine) identified 15patients with obstructive jaundice caused by liver bile duct stricture after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. There were 7 cases of primary liver cancer, 5 patients of liver hemangioma, 3 cases of metastatic liver cancer including 2 cases of colonic cancer and one of pancreatic cancer. Obstructive jaundice appeared in a period of 5 months to 16 months after TACE. The median time was 9 months. Results The obstructive jaundice was relieved by surgically constructed hepatobiliary drainage or PTC+stenting treatment in 13 cases and PTCD in 2 cases. All patients of hepatic hemangioma were doing well after treatment. Two cases of primary liver cancer patients with obstructive jaundice after TACE were followed up for 2 years with no recurrence of hepatic carcinoma and bile duct obstruction. The other 8 patients were followed up from 3months to 18 months until to their death from primary disease progress. Conclusions Surgery and or PTCD plus stent can effectively relieve the obstructive jaundice caused by TACE in benign or malignant liver tumors.     

肝脏肿瘤动脉栓塞化疗术后胆管狭窄

目的 分析肝脏经导管动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1994年6月至2010年3月在浙江省人民医院及上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院行肝脏TACE治疗后出现胆管狭窄的15例患者的临床资料.7例为原发性肝癌,5例为肝脏血管瘤,3例为转移性肝癌,原发疾病分别为结肠癌2例和胰腺癌1例.肝脏TACE后出现梗阻性黄疸的时间为5～16个月,中位时间为9个月.结果 15例胆管狭窄病例均出现不同程度的梗阻性黄疸,13例经外科手术或经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC)+放置胆管支架,2例仅行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD).术后梗阻性黄疸均获得明显缓解.5例肝血管瘤状况良好;2例原发性肝癌TACE后梗阻性黄疸随访2年,无胆管梗阻再发和肿瘤复发;其余8例随访3～18个月,均死于原发病恶化.结论手术或介入手段治疗肝脏TACE术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸可获得良好的治疗效果,应根据原发病和胆管梗阻的部位、范围决定治疗方式.     

肝脏肿瘤动脉栓塞化疗术后胆管狭窄

目的 分析肝脏经导管动脉栓塞化疗(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸的外科治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析1994年6月至2010年3月在浙江省人民医院及上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院行肝脏TACE治疗后出现胆管狭窄的15例患者的临床资料.7例为原发性肝癌,5例为肝脏血管瘤,3例为转移性肝癌,原发疾病分别为结肠癌2例和胰腺癌1例.肝脏TACE后出现梗阻性黄疸的时间为5～16个月,中位时间为9个月.结果 15例胆管狭窄病例均出现不同程度的梗阻性黄疸,13例经外科手术或经皮肝穿刺胆管造影(percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography,PTC)+放置胆管支架,2例仅行经皮肝穿刺胆道引流(percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage,PTCD).术后梗阻性黄疸均获得明显缓解.5例肝血管瘤状况良好;2例原发性肝癌TACE后梗阻性黄疸随访2年,无胆管梗阻再发和肿瘤复发;其余8例随访3～18个月,均死于原发病恶化.结论手术或介入手段治疗肝脏TACE术后胆管狭窄致梗阻性黄疸可获得良好的治疗效果,应根据原发病和胆管梗阻的部位、范围决定治疗方式.     

免T管腹腔镜辅助肝切除治疗肝内外胆管结石11例

目的 探讨不放置T管的腹腔镜辅助肝切除治疗肝内外胆管结石的可行性和安全性。方法 11例左肝内胆管结石，其中合并胆总管结石8例，胆囊结石5例。采用腹腔镜辅助规则肝切除，均经左肝管残端插入电子胆道镜肝外胆管取石和右肝管探查，不切开胆总管，不放置T管引流。结果 11例手术均获得成功，其中腹腔镜辅助肝左外叶切除5例，左半肝切除6例。手术时间110～150min，平均128min；术中出血50～150ml，平均95ml。术后无并发症。术后住院5～10d，平均7d。11例随访2～16个月，平均7．6月，优10例，良1例，无结石残留、复发。结论 腹腔镜辅助左肝切除、经左肝管残端胆道镜取石，不放置T管，有利于降低手术难度，缩短手术时间，减少并发症，是可供选择的手术方式。     

原发性肝癌合并阻塞性黄疸的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨原发性肝癌合并阻塞性黄疸的诊断与治疗。方法 自1996年10月至2002年12月间我院收治原发性肝癌合并阻塞性黄疸70例,分成积极治疗组(n=61)和对症处理组(n=9);积极治疗组再分为单纯胆道引流组(n=43)和综合治疗组(n=18)。积极治疗组接受胆道引流、手术和肝动脉化疗栓塞等治疗。随访所有病人的生存时间。结果 随访50例,随访率71.4％。积极治疗组和对症处理组平均生存时间分别为9.6个月和2.3个月,相差显著(t’=3.45,P<0.05)。综合治疗组和单纯胆道引流组平均生存时间分别为21.9个月和4.1个月,相差显著(t’=4.11,P<0.05)。结论 原发性肝癌合并阻塞性黄疸的病人如能及时解除黄疸,积极治疗肿瘤,仍可显著延长病人生命。     

293例原发性肝癌术后复发的综合治疗效果分析

目的评估以手术切除、局部消融(ablation)和经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)为主的综合治疗对原发性肝癌手术后复发的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院2010年1月至2012年12月确诊原发性肝癌复发病人293例的临床资料,其中手术再切除33例,TACE联合消融治疗89例,TACE118例,保守治疗53例。结果肝切除术后无严重并发症,均顺利出院;2例病人TACE术后发生肝功能不全,予以护肝治疗后肝功能恢复正常;1例病人经皮微波固化术后发生食管穿孔,经开胸食管修补术后治疗后痊愈。1、3、5年生存率手术组分别为72.72%、45.45%和32.14%,中位生存期为30个月;TACE联合局部消融组:62.92%、31.46%和17.14%,中位生存期为21个月;单纯行TACE组:47.46%、29.66%和8.42%,中位生存期为11.5个月;保守治疗组的1、3、5年生存率分别为20.75%、3.77%和0%,中位生存期为7.75个月。结论根据病人病情制定以手术切除联合TACE、局部消融的个体化综合治疗方案是复发性肝癌治疗的理想模式;能行手术切除的病人预后较好;肝癌术后定期复查是早发现、早治疗、提高复发性肝癌手术率的关键措施。     

腹腔镜胆肠"T"管架桥内引流术在晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸中的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆肠"T"管架桥内引流术在晚期恶性梗阻性黄疸中的临床应用效果.方法:2004年11月至2008年9月收治不能切除的壶腹周围癌伴有梗阻性黄疸的患者9例,应用腹腔镜行胆道空肠间"T"管架桥完成减黄内引流术.结果:6例胆总管空肠"T"管架桥,2例肝总管空肠"T"管架桥,1例胆囊空肠"T"管架桥,手术均获成功,...     

原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓导致阻塞性黄疸的诊治

目的；探讨原发性肝癌继发胆管癌栓引起阻塞性黄疸（阻黄）的临床表现，诊断，治疗及手术方式与预后的关系。方法：回顾分析我院收治的11例阻黄患者的临床资料。结果：患者的临床症状不典型，入院后按常规均行化验及B超，CT、ERCP，MRCP，PTC等检查，并分别行肝原发癌灶切除，胆管癌栓清除，T管引流，肝动脉插管埋泵等手术治疗，术前诊断符合率为45.5%。术后对症化疗，患者预后与术式有关，行切除肝内原发肿瘤 胆道癌栓清除术者预后较好，行单纯癌栓清除术者预后较差。结论：原发性肝癌继发胆管癌栓引起阻黄术前不易诊断，应选择多种检查手段。包括术中B超，纤维胆道镜等检查，力求确诊，尽可能切除原发性肝内癌灶以提高疗效。     

Selection criteria for hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and portal vein tumor thrombus

OBJECTIVE: To examine the usefulness of the authors' method involving preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by hepatectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The presence of portal vein tumor thrombus in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most significant factors for a poor prognosis. No standard therapy has been established. METHODS: Forty-five of 455 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (10%) from 1989 to 1998 were included in this study. These patients had gross portal vein tumor thrombus but no distant metastases. The 23 patients (50%) who had indications for surgery received preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: 18 underwent hepatic resection and 5 underwent ligation of the hepatic artery or portal vein on laparotomy. Among the remaining 22 patients who did not have indications for hepatectomy, 10 received regional chemotherapy and 12 underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. RESULTS: The mean duration of survival was 3.4 +/- 2.7 years in the 18 patients who received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and hepatectomy and 0.36 +/- 0.26 years in the 27 patients who did not receive hepatectomy. The survival rate of the 18 patients who received hepatic resection with preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization was 82% at 1 year, 42% at 3 years, and 42% at 5 years. Portal trunk occlusion by tumor thrombus, three or more primary nodules, an indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes of 20% or worse, and therapeutic choice other than hepatectomy were significant predictors of a poor prognosis on univariate analysis. Hepatectomy was the only factor that was significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients may enjoy long-term survival if they receive hepatectomy with preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, when the number of primary nodules is no more than two, the portal trunk is not occluded by tumor thrombus, and the indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes is better than 20%.     

Surgical Intervention for Obstructive Jaundice Due to Biliary Tumor Thrombus in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This retrospective study in eight surgically treated patients with obstructive jaundice due to biliary tumor thrombus in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was performed to evaluate the role of surgical intervention. All biliary tumor thrombi were confirmed preoperatively or intraoperatively. Only two manifested intraluminal biliary obstructions due to a primary tumor that had not been found preoperatively. The operative procedures included hepatectomy with removal of the biliary tumor thrombus (n = 3), hepatectomy combined with extrahepatic bile duct resection (n = 1), thrombectomy through a choledochotomy (n = 3), and piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation (n = 1). The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively. Two patients survived more than 5 years. Surgical intervention was effective in patients with obstructive jaundice due to a biliary tumor thrombus in an HCC. Thus surgery for a recurrence can prolong survival, and liver transplantation is a treatment worthy of further investigation.     

Clinical evaluation of operative and non-operative treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma with main portal vein tumor thrombus]

It has been well recognized that results of treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma with main portal vein tumor thrombus (Vp 3 HCC) are very poor. But we tried aggressive transcatheter treatment (one shot or continuous hepatic arterial infusion, TAE) and hepatectomy with postoperative TAE in 52 cases by Vp3 HCC in recent 10 years. Analysis of the results disclosed that PR or CR cases were observed only in the series of continuous hepatic arterial infusion therapy. And cumulative survival rate was the best in the series of hepatectomy (50% survival interval is 18 months). We concluded that hepatectomy and resection of the tumor thrombus with postoperative TAE is the best treatment in Vp3 HCC.     

Multidisciplinary approach to palliation of obstructive jaundice caused by a central hepatocellular carcinoma

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Obstructive jaundice due to intraductal tumour growth is a rare symptom in association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: We report a 65-year-old white male who was admitted to our department with a 2-week history of progressive jaundice. At laparotomy, the liver showed advanced cirrhosis due to long-standing biliary obstruction. Cholangiography confirmed total obstruction of the main bifurcation of the hepatic duct by intraductal tumour growth. Combination treatment with surgical segment III drainage, transcatheter arterial embolization and radioembolization with yttrium-90 resin particles and endoscopic stenting was performed. This form of treatment has never been reported before. RESULTS: With these combined procedures, relief of jaundice and a survival time of 32 months could be achieved. CONCLUSION: The combination of palliative methods may relieve jaundice, ensure a good quality of life and possibly prolong survival in patients with mechanical tumour obstruction of the biliary tree by HCC.     

肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的外科治疗

目的: 探讨外科手术治疗原发性肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的疗效.方法: 自1944年1月至1997年10月间对21例原发性肝癌胆管内转移致阻塞性黄疸的患者进行了外科手术治疗.其中行总胆管切开取癌栓者19例,行肝动脉插管化疗者4例,行肝动脉结扎者10例,行肝叶切除者2例.结果: 患者平均生存时间为8.5个月,最长存活时间为18个月.结论: 外科治疗明显改善了患者生活质量,提高了生存时间.     

腹腔镜胆总管再次手术的临床应用体会（附10例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管再次手术应用特点。方法回顾性总结和分析10例腹腔镜胆总管再次手术的临床资料，其中4例结石位于胆总管上段，6例位于胆总管下段，结石数目1—5个，5例合并黄疸及肝功能损害。10例行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石（LCTD）者胆总管直径均大于10mm，其中3例胆总管直径〉12mm，行一期缝合；7例因取石时间长，乳头水肿或肝功能有损害，予以放置T管。结果10例平均手术时间为152min。一期缝合者术后7d出院，留置T管者术后经T管胆道造影，未见胆总管残余结石，术后1个月拔除T管。结论术中粘连的分离及胆道镜取石是手术的重点，腹腔镜胆总管再次手术是可行的，相对传统开腹手术创伤小，恢复快，住院时间短，值得推广。     

Laparoscopic left hepatectomy with tumor thrombectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma concomitant with advanced portal vein tumor thrombus

Background

Although laparoscopic hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery has been widely adopted, use of laparoscopic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with advanced portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is uncommon because of the complications involved.

Methods

From June 2010 through November 2013, 200 laparoscopic hepatectomies were performed. We report the short-term outcome of laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC with advanced PVTT in 3 patients. Video presentation is a demonstration of the operative procedures employed in Case 3. In this case, the left hepatic artery and left hepatic duct were divided before tumor thrombectomy, and the bifurcation of the portal vein was clearly visible.

Results

Three female patients with HCC concomitant with PVTT in the portal trunk or the opposite branch underwent laparoscopic left hepatectomy with tumor thrombectomy using a laparoscopy-assisted technique (1 patient) or pure laparoscopic technique (2 patients). The median operative time was 592 min (range, 555–891 min), and median estimated blood loss was 1182 ml (range, minimal amount–4800 ml). The median length of hospital stay was 19 days (range, 9–22 days), and there was no postoperative mortality. In Case 1, recurrent tumors developed in the residual lobe after curative resection, and the patient died 10 months after the surgery despite treatment with sorafenib and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. In Case 2, the patient survived for 10 months after curative resection without tumor recurrence. In Case 3, the patient was treated with sorafenib 1 month after palliative resection; she survived for 4 postoperative months, during which decreased tumor marker levels were observed.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC with advanced PVTT is a safe and feasible procedure in selected patients, when performed by surgeons with expertise in hepatic surgery and minimally invasive techniques. Although these patients cannot be cured by surgery alone, early adjuvant therapy followed by laparoscopic surgery might contribute to a good outcome.     

原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓致阻塞性黄疸的外科治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓致阻塞性黄疸的外科手术治疗及其治疗效果。方法回顾性对15例原发性肝癌伴胆管癌栓致阻塞性黄疸行外科手术治疗的总结和分析。结果行左半肝切除 胆总管切开取癌栓术5例,行肿瘤切除 胆总管切开取癌栓术7例,行胆总管切开取癌栓 肝总动脉结扎3例,术后随访2年,平均生存时间为14.5个月,最长存活23个月。结论外科治疗明显提高了患者生活质量,延长了生存时间。     

Aggressive surgery for liver metastases from gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Background/Purpose. The utility of hepatectomy for patients with metastatic liver tumors from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) was evaluated in the present study. Methods. Between 1989 and 2001, ten patients with liver metastases from GIST (four men and six women; age, 34–77 years) underwent hepatectomy at our hospital. All patients underwent complete resection of the primary tumor and hepatectomy with or without microwave coagulation therapy (MCT) for all detectable hepatic tumors. Results. The median survival time after hepatectomy was 39 months (range, 1 to 96 months). There was one postoperative death. One patient is still alive with relapse of hepatic tumors, and the remaining eight patients died of disease (liver in six, peritoneum in one, and bone in one). Relapse of hepatic tumors occurred in seven patients. The disease-free rate after hepatectomy was 22% at 2 years and 11% at 5 years. The survival times of the four patients who received hepatic arterial chemoembolization for recurrent hepatic metastases were 7 months (still alive), 17, 23, and 28 months (average, 19 months). Conclusions. Our data suggest that aggressive surgery (hepatectomy and MCT) for all detectable hepatic tumors and hepatic arterial chemoembolization for recurrent hepatic metastases improve survival. Received: March 31, 2002 / Accepted: September 24, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" Offprint requests to: Y. Shima     

原发性肝癌伴阻塞性黄疸的诊断及根治性手术治疗

目的探讨原发性肝癌致阻塞性黄疸的诊断和外科根治性手术治疗的方法及疗效。方法自1991年1月至2001年12月间对17例原发性肝癌致阻塞性黄疸的患者进行了诊断和外科根治性手术治疗。其中行肝叶切除及胆总管切开取癌栓者14例,行同种异体原位肝移植术3例。结果患者平均生存时间为8个月．最长存活时间为24个月。结论明确的诊断和根治性手术治疗是治疗伴阻塞性黄疸的原发性肝癌关键。     

PVCE联合TACE预防肝癌切除术后复发的临床分析

目的：探讨门静脉化疗栓塞（PVCE）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）对预防原发性肝癌切除术后复发的价值。方法：回顾性分析2008年1月-2011年12月71例肝癌手术切除患者的临床资料。其中,术后PVCE联合TACE组37例,单纯TACE组34例。对术后肿瘤复发情况进行随访,应用Kaplan—Meier方法分析2组累积无瘤生存时间,采用COX比例风险模型进行多因素分析,筛选出独立预后因素。结果：PVCE联合TACE组和单纯TACE组术后中位无瘤生存期分别为21．1个月和18．6个月,PVCE联合TACE组累积无瘤生存时间明显高于单纯TACE组（P〈O001）。Cox模型多因素分析显示,肿瘤大小、门静脉癌栓、肿瘤分化程度是影响肝癌患者切除术后复发的独立因素。结论：肝癌切除术后联合PVCE和TACE更能延长患者术后复发时间。