“浸螺杀”致突变性的遗传毒性研究

本文应用Ames.微核及精子畸变3项致突变实验,对灭螺药“浸螺杀”进行其遗传毒理的研究.Ames实验中采用TA97、TA98及TA100 3种试验菌株,微核和精子细胞畸变试验中以环磷酰胺作阳性诱变对照.结果表明:浸螺杀各剂量组对Ames试验中的3种菌株均无诱变作用,微核试验中微核出现率为1.8‰—2.2‰,小鼠精子细胞畸变率为25.3‰—61.6‰,与阴性对照组相比无显著差异,证明浸螺杀无明显的遗传毒性损害.     

番茄红素软胶囊抗突变作用研究

目的对番茄红素软胶囊(LSC)的抗突变作用进行研究。方法以Ames试验、小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验观察的抗突变作用。结果在加S9条件下，剂量在2500～10000μg/皿时能有效地控制2-氨基芴(2-AF)所致TA98的回复突变，抑制率为31，4％～50．0％。剂量在125mg/kg、250mg/kg、375mg/kg剂量组时可分别抑制由丝裂霉素C(MMC)诱导引起的染色体畸变率增加和由环磷酰胺(CP)诱导引起的雌性小鼠微核率增加，其抑制率分别为31，4％～50．0％和19．5％～64．2％。结论LSC具有一定的抗2-AF、MMC和CP作用。     

抗蠕虫新药AH—85012遗传毒理的研究

采用小鼠骨髓嗜多染细胞微核试验、染色体畸变试验、精子畸形试验及CHL细胞染色体畸变试验,对本所研制的N’-[4-(胡椒醛缩胺基)苯基]-N,N-二甲基乙脒代号为AH-85012进行体内及体外的诱变性研究,并进行大鼠生殖毒性研究,证明该化合物无致突变性和致畸性。     

日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗的致突变性研究

目的 评价日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗的致突变性。方法应用Ames试验、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验对日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗进行初步评价和检测。结果日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗在S9活化和非活化两种测试条件下,在每皿6．25～100．00μg浓度范围内,对3种菌株的回复菌落数与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,Ames试验结果为阴性;日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗各剂量组骨髓多染红细胞微核率与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,试验结果为阴性;日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗各剂量组染色体畸变率与阴性对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,试验结果为阴性。结论日本血吸虫双价DNA疫苗初步检测无致突变性。     

232例放射人员染色体畸变及淋巴细胞微核检测结果分析

２３２例放射人员染色体畸变及淋巴细胞微核检测结果分析临沂市卫生防疫站（２７６０００）邱方张丽我们对２３２例放射人员的染色体畸变及淋巴细胞微核进行了检测分析，现报告如下。资料与方法：本组男１８５例，女４７例；年龄２０～５８岁。其中接触医学Ｘ线１９１例、...     

肝癌和乙型肝炎患者外周淋巴细胞微核出现率的初步观察

微核是细胞染色体受理化因子作用发生畸变所产生的片断,即DNA片断,其出现率与染色体畸变呈正相关。在肿瘤病因研究中,无论是肿瘤发生的体细胞突变学说,或肿瘤二阶段突变理论,都提示细胞染色体畸变和肿瘤发生有关。因而微核测定可     

新疆某煤矿井下矿工细胞遗传学分析

淋巴细胞染色体畸变率及淋巴细胞微核率是电离辐射损伤效应的敏感指标^[1]，可作为评价电离辐射损伤程度的依据。本文选择了新疆某煤矿35名井下矿工作为调查对象，19名井上矿工作为对照，分析比较2组矿工的染色体畸变率及淋巴细胞微核率，探讨电离辐射对非铀矿山井下矿工的健康影响。     

甘肃省放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核及染色体畸变分析

目的观察和研究放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核和染色体畸变情况,了解长期小剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员机体健康的影响。方法对甘肃省647名放射工作人员进行了职业健康检查,分析外周血淋巴细胞微核和染色体畸变的变化情况。结果放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核阳性检出率为11.13%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.858,P<0.05);染色体畸变阳性检出率为6.34%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.299,P<0.05);不同工种、不同工龄、不同性别放射工作人员的淋巴细胞微核和染色体畸变检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.816,P>0.05)。结论长期低剂量电离辐射对放射工作人员遗传物质有一定影响,需加强放射防护。     

肝炎病毒对外周淋巴细胞染色体畸变的研究

探讨肝炎病毒对宿主外周淋巴细胞染色体致畸变以及染色体畸变与肝脏病变、病原复制指标之间的关系。抽取各临床期病毒性肝炎患者64例外周血，肝素抗凝，培养，分离淋巴细胞，常规方法制备染色体片，做肝功能及病原学指标检验。观察染色体畸变率及畸变类型分析。50例标本有染色体畸变，15例染色体畸变率≥3％，16例染色体畸变率高达4％－6．5％。肝炎病毒感染可致较高淋巴细胞染色体畸变。肝脏损伤程度及病毒复制指标与染色体畸变似有一定关系。     

某品牌消毒液的毒性试验报告

龙河牌消毒液样品的有效成份为醋酸氯已啶.为科学地评价该消毒液使用的安全性(急性毒性、致突变性、皮肤刺激性、长期使用的蓄积毒性),我们对其进行了急性经口毒性试验、小鼠骨髓红细胞微核试验、多次皮肤刺激性试验和亚急性毒性试验,现将结果 报告如下.     

Toxicity of novel anti-hepatitis drug bicyclol： A preclinical study

AIM: To study the toxicity of bicyclol to animals. METHODS: Acute toxicity test was performed in Kunming strain mice that were orally given bicyclol at the doses of 3 and 5 g/kg body weight, respectively. Wistar rats were orally administered bicyclol at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight. Death and clinical symptoms of animals were recorded within 7 d. Sub-acute toxicity test was carried out in rats that were treated with various doses of bicyclol (150, 300, 600 mg/kg) once daily for 14 d. Animal behaviors, blood biochemical markers, blood and urine pictures were examined. Chronic toxicity test was conducted in 80 Wistar rats of both sexes. The animals were orally administered with various doses of bicyclol [150, 300, 600 mg/kg, 100-400 folds corresponding to the proposed therapeutic dose (1.5 mg/(kg·d)) of bicyclol for patients] once daily for 6 mo except for Sunday. The control group was given the same volume of 0.2% sodium carboxyl methylcellulose (Na-CMC). Twenty-one beagle dogs received bicyclol (25, 75, 225 mg/kg, 16.6, 50, 150 folds corresponding to the proposed therapeutic dose of bicyclol for patients) once a day for 6 mo except for Sunday. The body weight, food intake, urine and feces, blood picture, blood biochemical markers, and pathological examination of main organs were determined. Mutagenicity and teratogenicity were determined. Mutagenicity assay included Ames's test, chromosome aberration test in CHL cells and micronucleus test in mice. For the teratogenicity assay, pregnant Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were treated with 0.2,1.0 g/kg bicyclol once daily from the 7th d of gestation for 10 d. RESULTS: The oral LD50 of bicyclol was over 5 g/kg in mice and rats. No noticeable alterations in subacute and chronic toxicity of rats and dogs were demonstrated. No mutagenicity and teratogenicity of bicyclol were found. CONCLUSION: Bicyclol has no detectable chronic toxicity as well as mutagenicity and teratogenicity in animals.     

Absence of histone F1 in a mitotically dividing, genetically inactive nucleus.

Histones were extracted from macro- and micronuclear chromatin of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. Conditions that resulted in macronuclear chromatin containing large amounts of histone F1 yielded micronuclear chromatin in which this histone was absent. Evidence is presented indicating that the absence of F1 from micronuclei is not a preparative artifact and that histone F1 is replaced by other histone fractions. Since micronuclei divide mitotically, while macronuclei divide amitotically, these results suggest that histone F1 and its phosphorylation do not play an indispensable role in the process of mitotic chromosome condensation, in chromosome replication, or in the separation of newly synthesized chromatids.     

Ames试验对低剂量亚砷酸钠致突变性的研究

目的 体外观察亚砷酸钠诱发鼠伤寒沙门杆菌组氨酸营养缺陷型突变菌株的回复突变(Ames)作用,探讨低剂量亚砷酸钠的致突变性.方法 采用Ames试验中标准平板掺人法,检测不同剂量亚砷酸钠(5000.00、500.00、10.00、1.00、0.10、0.01μg/皿)及阳性、阴性对照在加与不加肝微粒体酶活化系统(+S9、-S9)条件下诱发TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102菌株的致突变作用.结果 +S9或-S9时,500.00、5000.00μg/皿亚砷酸钠作用下,TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102菌株均没有生长;+S9时,0.01、0.10、10.00μg/皿亚砷酸钠诱发TA102产生的回变菌落数与阴性对照相比均达到2倍以上(P<0.05),突变率(MR)分别为2.57、2.10、2.50,其他剂量组无明显增加(P0.05);在-S9条件下,1.00、10.00μg/皿亚砷酸钠诱发TA100菌株产生的回变菌落数与阴性对照相比均达到2倍以上(P<0.05),MR分别为2.18、2.27;0.01、0.10μg/皿亚砷酸钠诱发TA98菌株产生的回变菌落数与阴性对照相比均达到2倍以上(P<0.05),MR分别为3.17、4.22,其他剂量组未见明显增加(P0.05).结论 500.00、5000.00μg/皿亚砷酸钠抑制菌落生长,0.01～10.00μg/皿亚砷酸钠具有致突变性.     

A Study of the Mutagenicity of Melatonin and 6-Hydroxymelatonin

The mutagenicity of melatonin and its major metabolite 6-hydroxymelatonin were evaluated using the Ames test and three strains of Salmonella typhimurium--TA 97, TA 98, and TA 100. Neither compound exhibited mutagenicity whether in the presence or absence of an activation system derived from rats induced with Aroclor 1254. Positive controls were employed throughout and gave the expected response. We conclude that melatonin, 6-hydroxymelatonin, and their microsomal metabolites are not mutagenic in the Ames test.     

Developmentally excised sequences in micronuclear DNA of Paramecium.

DNA processing occurs in ciliates at autogamy and conjugation when new macronuclei are formed from micronuclei and old macronuclei degrade. Processing of micronuclear DNA consists of removal of certain internal sequences, chromosomal fragmentation, addition of new telomeres, and amplification. Aside from a recent brief report, internal eliminated sequences have not been described in Paramecium. In this paper we characterize nine internal eliminated sequences found within and near the gene that codes for surface protein A in Paramecium tetraurelia. Of these nine, seven are located within the translated portion of the gene, and all include short, inverted terminal repeats. The characteristic sequence, TA, appears at the boundaries of all of the internal eliminated sequences.     

Evolution of IESs and scrambling in the actin I gene in hypotrichous ciliates

Germ-line (micronuclear) genes in hypotrichous ciliates are interrupted by numerous, short, noncoding, AT-rich segments called internal eliminated segments, or IESs. IESs divide a gene into macronuclear destined segments, or MDSs. IESs are excised from micronuclear genes, and the MDSs are spliced when a micronuclear genome is processed into a macronuclear genome after cell mating. In the micronuclear version of the actin I gene intramolecular recombination between IESs during evolution has put MDSs into a scrambled disorder in some but not all hypotrichs. Studies using rDNA sequences to define phylogenetic relationships among eight hypotrichs suggests that evolution of the micronuclear actin I gene proceeds by successive addition of IESs in earlier diverging species, without MDS scrambling. Continued addition of IESs and recombination among IESs in later diverging species produced actin I genes with scrambled MDSs. Subsequent to MDS scrambling, additional IESs were inserted into the more recently evolved species. Thus, IES insertions and gene scrambling occur in a progressive manner during species evolution to produce micronuclear actin I genes of increasing structural complexity.     

LHRH兴奋试验在闭经处理上的应用

本文对18例正常妇女及50例血清促性腺激素正常或低下的闭经患者行LHRH兴奋试验(单次静脉注射法)。建立了早卵泡期妇女正常反应范围。78％闭经患者反应正常或高亢。本试验反应类型与预后及LHRH脉冲治疗效果之间有一定的相关关系。本文对LHRH兴奋试验的临床价值及适应症进行了讨论。