Optimal timing of doses of chenic acid in patients with gall stones.

Sixteen patients with gall stones were treated with chenic acid (14-16 mg/kg/day) given at three different times in random order for one month each. Before treatment the mean (+/- SE of mean) cholesterol saturation index (SI) of fasting gall-bladder bile was 1.28 +/- 0.06. During bedtime administration of chenic acid the mean SI fell to 0.78 +/- 0.04, which was significantly lower than that obtained with administration in the morning (0.92 +/- 0.05) or with three divided doses at mealtimes (0.92 +/- 0.04). The bile remained supersaturated in seven patients when they received a single morning dose, in five patients when they received mealtime doses, but in only one patient when a single bedtime dose was given. There was no significant difference in side effects between the three different dose timings, or in the proportion of bile acids present in the bile as chenic acid. This enhanced effect obtained with bedtime administration may be due to the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids being maintained during overnight fasting.     

胆总管巨大结石的内镜治疗

目的 探讨内镜下对胆总管巨大结石的治疗方法及其疗效.方法 42例患者经B超或CT检查提示有胆总管结石或胆总管扩张,根据病情和结石的情况分别选择内镜下机械碎石术(EML)、十二指肠子母镜下双频激光碎石取石术或胆道支架内引流术(ERBD).结果 42例患者中,23例经EML治疗,7例给予ERBD,12例经十二指肠子母镜下双频激光碎石,术后患者黄疸均有明显消退,治疗疗效较好.结论 通过十二指肠镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)可确诊胆管内巨大结石.内镜下机械碎石方法治疗胆总管巨大结石是一种简便易行、安全有效及价格低廉的方法,可在临床上广泛应用.十二指肠子母镜下激光碎石对于充满型的胆道结石或机械碎石网篮无法取出的结石是一种较好的治疗方法,但操作复杂,价格较高.对于年老体弱或合并有其他疾病不能耐受手术者,ERBD可以缓解症状.     

内镜与开腹手术在治疗胆总管结石中的对比研究

目的对比内镜和开腹手术对胆总管结石的临床治疗效果。方法90例胆总管结石患者,内镜治疗42例（内镜组）,开腹手术48例（开腹组）,分析两种疗法的疗效及并发症的发生情况。结果内镜治疗和开腹手术治疗的一次性取石效果比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,开腹手术效果好;内镜组术后并发症症状少于开腹组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;2组住院天数差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论对胆囊切除术后继发的胆总管结石,内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术可作为首选治疗方法。但当结石〉1．5cm或胆囊结石合并胆总管结石时应采用开腹胆总管切开取石。     

Prevalence of gall stones at necropsy in nine British towns: a collaborative study

A prospective study of the prevalence of gall stones at necropsy in nine towns in England and Wales showed considerable geographical variations. The age- and sex-standardised prevalence ranged from 20.6% in Ipswich to 9.2% in Wakefield. The distribution of gall stones differed from that of all-cause mortality and was negatively correlated with that of mortality from ischaemic heart disease. Socioeconomic influences related to affluence do not appear to be major determinants of the distribution of gall stones.     

Endoscopic management of bile duct stones at Auckland Hospital in 1988 and 1989

OBJECTS: to define the role of endoscopic management of bile duct calculi in a tertiary referral institution. METHODS: an unselected series of 466 patients presenting for ERCP over a two year period were reviewed and 103 patients with bile duct calculi identified. The results of endoscopic management of these patients is reviewed. RESULTS: endoscopic sphincterotomy was successful in 98% of patients, and resulted in clearance of calculi from the bile duct in 75%, and in a further 8% symptoms were successfully controlled by sphincterotomy with or without endoprostheses, despite residual calculi. Seventy-nine percent of the patients with choledocholithiasis were successfully managed endoscopically, minor complications occurring in 16% which were significant in only 4%, with no procedure related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: endoscopic sphincterotomy provides a safe and effective means of managing bile duct calculi, even if stone extraction cannot be completed.     

腹腔镜下经纤维胆道镜保胆取石术30例临床应用

目的探讨微创保胆取石术的可行性及临床应用价值。方法总结30例采用腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜微创保胆取石术的临床资料。结果29例手术成功,无出血、胆漏等并发症,患者均取得满意疗效。结论对胆囊功能良好且有保胆意愿的患者可采用微创保胆取石术,安全可行,且能提高患者生存质量。     

Per endoscopic sphincterotomy: a minimum trauma technique for the removal of retained common bile duct stones.

Drainage of the biliary tree and removal of retained common bile duct stones can be achieved by performing a sphincterotomy of the ampulla of Vater using a diathermy sphincterotome directed through a fibre-optic endoscope. The procedure was successfully performed on two patients considered unfit for abdominal surgery. It is a useful method in selected patients to release stones retained in the common bile duct after cholecystectomy.     

胶束电动毛细管电泳法测定熊胆及鸡胆、鸭胆与狗胆中胆汁酸成分

目的建立胶束电动毛细管电泳(M ECC)法测定熊胆及鸡胆、鸭胆、狗胆和自制掺伪品中胆汁酸类成分含量。方法采用M ECC法,操作缓冲液为溶液(14mm o.lL-1硼砂,25mm o.lL-1十二烷基硫酸钠,15mm o.lL-1β-CD)乙-腈(85:15),操作电压:30KV,进样量:5mmHg.2s;柱温:27℃。检测波长200nm。结果测定了熊胆及鸡、鸭、狗胆及其掺伪品中不同胆汁酸类成分的含量。结论该法简便、快速、准确,可用于判断熊胆真伪及有无掺伪。     

45例老年人十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的内镜治疗

目的探讨内镜治疗老年人十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年6月—2011年5月45例老年人十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的内镜治疗临床资料。对44例老年患者行内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)和(或)气囊扩张术,并行网篮取石或机械碎石后网篮取石。结果所有病例插管造影成功均显示胆总管结石,结石直径在0.6～3.0 cm。其中单发结石27例,2枚结石12例,三枚以上6例。网篮直接取石34例,碎石后取石7例,3例胆总管放置塑料支架,1例因乳头太小无法行切开同时结石较大转手术治疗。一次取尽结石35例,放置鼻胆管引流后二次取石6例。3例术中乳头肌切开渗血,给予电凝、局部喷洒去甲肾上腺素或气囊压迫出血停止,1例24 h后乳头切口涌血,给予钛铗止血。2例出现术后轻症胰腺炎,5例出现一过性高淀粉酶血症,给予相应处理痊愈。对其中36例随访6～12个月未见结石复发,3例放置塑料支架患者半年后结石明显变小,再次内镜治疗。结论老年十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石的内镜治疗是相对安全有效,内镜治疗应根据憩室位置和结石大小选择合适的乳头切开长度,结合气囊扩张、碎石等方法,可避免并发症发生。     

食管型柱状大气囊扩张治疗EST术后胆总管结石复发疗效观察

目的探讨应用食管型柱状大气囊扩张十二指肠乳头治疗既往曾行EST术的复发性胆总管结石患者的安全性及治疗价值。方法回顾分析2010年9月～2011年7月我院16例既往有EST史的复发性胆总管结石的患者,所有患者均行EPLBD使十二指肠乳头扩张并在此基础上进行治疗。结果 16例患者中,6例患者(37.5%)伴有乳头旁憩室,3例患者(18.8%)有高血压,1例患者(6.3%)有肝硬化,其中3例患者应用了碎石器碎石,13例患者仅一次就取净结石,其中单发结石7例,多发结石8例,术后合并有胰腺炎1例,合并有穿孔1例,经内科保守治疗治愈,未合并有消化道大出血、死亡等严重并发症。气囊的大小为12～15mm,扩张的持续时间为30～40s。结论对于既往曾行EST术的复发性胆总管结石的患者,EPLBD是有效而安全的,尤其是多发及较大的胆总管结石,值得临床进一步推广。