吡咯替尼或来那替尼联合卡培他滨治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌疗效及安全性的Meta分析

目的:比较吡咯替尼或来那替尼联合卡培他滨(Pyrotinib/Neratinib+Capecitabine,P/N+C)与拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨(Lapatinib+Capecitabine,L+C)治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的疗效性及安全性。方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase和Cochrane图书馆数据库,选自2005年01月01日截至2021年02月20日的潜在临床研究,合格的研究是前瞻性和注册的临床试验。对无病进展期（progression-free survival,PFS）、客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)及疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)具有95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI)的合并优势比和治疗相关不良事件的合并风险比进行Meta分析。结果:本次Meta分析包括3项随机对照试验,共有1 015例患者被纳入本研究。在P/N+C组,6个月PFS［OR=1.87,95%CI（1.44,2.43）,P＜0.000 01］、12个月PFS［OR=3.87,95%CI（1.95,7.70）,P=0.000 1］及ORR［OR=1.70,95%CI（1.10,2.64）,P=0.02］较L+C组延长;在常见的治疗相关的不良事件中,除P/N+C组的腹泻发生率较L+C组高［RR=3.10,95%CI（1.80,5.35）,P<0.000 1］以外,其余治疗相关不良事件均无显著差异。结论:本Meta分析表明,使用吡咯替尼或来那替尼联合卡培他滨治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的疗效更好,并且是一种安全的治疗选择。     

拉帕替尼治疗乳腺癌的研究进展

靶向治疗是近年来乳腺癌治疗研究中的热点之一,是指通过阻断与肿瘤细胞生长、浸润和转移等有关的一条或几条关键的信号传导通路,从而抑制或杀伤肿瘤细胞的一种治疗方式.与传统化疗药物相比,靶向治疗药物因具有非细胞毒性、毒副作用相对较小、无需最大耐受剂量即可获得较佳的临床疗效等特点,而备受人们关注.     

曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼及多西紫杉醇一线治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的安全性和有效性

目的:观察曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼及多西紫杉醇一线治疗HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌的安全性和有效性。方法:这是一项前瞻、单臂、开放标签的单中心Ⅱ期临床研究(ChiCTR1800015814)。HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌一线治疗给予曲妥珠单抗(6 mg/kg,首剂8 mg/kg)联合拉帕替尼(1 000 mg/d)及多西紫杉醇(75 mg/m2),每3周重复。对非进展的患者继续用药直至疾病进展或毒性不可耐受,但最长用药时间不超过2年。主要研究终点是有效率,次要终点是PFS和OS。结果:自2016年9月至2019年5月共入组65例患者。本方案的剂量限制性毒性为腹泻,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度腹泻发生率为24.6%。总体有效率为69.2%(CR 3.1%,PR 66.1%),激素受体阴性患者有效率明显优于激素受体阳性患者(76.7% vs 57.1%,P＜0.01)。中位随访31个月,PFS为16.4个月(95%CI:13.4~19.6个月)。尚未达到中位OS时间。Log-rank检验显示是否内脏转移、是否多器官转移对PFS的影响具有统计学意义(P＜0.01和P=0.022)。结论:曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼及多西紫杉醇毒性可耐受,疗效较好,作为HER-2阳性晚期乳腺癌一线治疗新的治疗策略,值得进一步研究。     

拉帕替尼治疗晚期转移性乳腺癌的国内外研究进展

我国乳腺癌发病率高且呈上升趋势,死亡率也较高,约占所有女性肿瘤的18%.分子靶向治疗仍是当前乳腺癌治疗领域研究的热点.拉帕替尼（Lapatinib）是一类口服的双靶点小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）,同时作用于表皮生长因子受体（EGFR） 和 HER-2 两个靶点.体内外的临床前试验证明Lapatinib的抗肿瘤活性,临床实验结果表明其对ErbB2过度表达的晚期乳腺癌有较好的疗效,并可能减少脑转移的发生率,毒副反应较轻,耐受性良好.以Lapatinib 为代表的 TKI 有望为乳腺癌的治疗开辟一条崭新的途径.     

曲妥珠单抗与拉帕替尼联合用于乳腺癌新辅助治疗的随机对照研究的 Meta 分析

目的：比较单用曲妥珠单抗与曲妥珠单抗和拉帕替尼两药联合在 HER2阳性乳腺癌新辅助治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法检索 PubMed、MEDLINE、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国期刊全文数据库、万方医药期刊全文数据库和近5年重要国际肿瘤学会议记录,严格按照纳入与排除标准收集 HER2阳性乳腺癌患者使用新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗对比新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗、拉帕替尼双重抗 HER2治疗的有效性和安全性的前瞻性随机对照研究,按 Cochrane 系统评价方法进行质量评价,资料提取后运用 Rev-Man 5.0软件进行 Meta 分析。结果最终纳入4项临床随机对照试验,共779例患者符合条件。Meta分析结果显示,曲妥珠单抗联合拉帕替尼组较单独使用曲妥珠单抗组病理完全缓解率显著升高（53.3%：38.8%, RR =1.39,95%CI 为1.20~1.63,P <0.001）;Ⅲ~Ⅳ级不良反应方面,除了联合组的腹泻发生率更高（25.6%：2.2%,RR =11.54,95%CI 为5.69~23.41,P <0.001）以外,其他差异均无统计学意义。结论在 HER2阳性乳腺癌患者的新辅助治疗中采用新辅助化疗联合曲妥珠单抗、拉帕替尼的双重抗 HER2靶向治疗效果较好,且除了腹泻外并不提高其他不良反应发生率,是一种高效、安全的治疗选择。     

拉帕替尼穿插化疗治疗HER-2突变阳性晚期非小细胞肺癌1例

人类表皮生长因子受体2( human epidermal growth factor receptor,HER?2)在乳腺癌中是一个重要的治疗靶点和预测指标,但作为一种肺癌生物标志很少被描述. 在非小细胞肺癌( non?small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)中HER?2蛋白过表达和基因扩增分别为6%~35%和10%~20%,HER?2突变被证实为2%~4%,特别是在 EGFR/KRAS/ALK突变阴性者中, HER?2突变达6%[2?6]. 然而曲妥珠单抗或其他HER?2靶向药物在NSCLC临床试验中,无论单药还是与细胞毒药物联合使用均告失败. 以上研究主要是通过免疫组化检测HER?2状态,并未分析其突变状态,因此推断NSCLC中HER?2突变更加适合靶向治疗. 同时一些个案报道也暗示NSCLC中HER?2突变状态能够预测HER?2靶向治疗效果[7]. 本研究报告1例 HER?2突变阳性晚期 NSCLC患者使用拉帕替尼( Lapatinib)联合穿插化疗的治疗效果.     

吡咯替尼对携带HER-2突变的HER-2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者的疗效观察

目的：评估吡咯替尼对携带HER-2突变的HER-2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者的治疗疗效和安全性。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2019年6月于北京市朝阳区桓兴肿瘤医院收治的13例携带HER-2突变的HER-2阴性晚期乳腺癌患者的临床资料,均使用吡咯替尼单药行抗HER-2治疗,对患者的治疗疗效和不良反应进行综合评估。结果：13例患者中3例因不良反应难以耐受出组,未行疗效评价,其余10例患者中获得完全缓解（complete response,CR）1例、部分缓解（partial response,PR）3例、疾病稳定（stable disease,SD）3例、疾病进展（progressive disease,PD）3例。客观缓解（CR+PR）率为40%(4/10),临床获益（CR+PR+SD≥6.0个月）率为60%(6/10),疾病控制（CR+PR+SD）率为70%(7/10)。无进展生存时间最长者达15.5个月,中位无进展生存期（progression-free survival,PFS）为4.9个月（95%CI:3.8～6.0）。吡咯替尼最常见的不良反应为腹泻、占84.6%(11/13),3...     

SRT联合拉帕替尼治疗HER2阳性乳腺癌脑转移疗效及预后分析

目的 探讨立体定向放射治疗(Stereotactic radiotherapy,SRT)联合拉帕替尼治疗HER2阳性乳腺癌脑转移的疗效及预后。方法 回顾性分析91例HER2阳性乳腺癌脑转移患者接受拉帕替尼靶向治疗的同时接受全脑放疗或SRT的情况,其中42例患者接受SRT的同时进行拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨治疗(SRT组),另外49例患者采用全脑放疗同时进行拉帕替尼联合卡培他滨治疗(全脑放疗组)。评价其疗效和毒性,定期随访,并行多因素Cox回归分析其预后相关因素。结果 放疗结束后1月SRT组脑部病灶客观缓解率为92.86%(39/42),全脑放疗组客观缓解率为77.55%(38/49),SRT组优于全脑放疗组(χ²=4.070,P=0.044)。SRT组和全脑组12个月受照射肿瘤病灶无进展生存率分别为95.20%及83.10%, SRT组优于全脑放疗组(χ²=10.851,P=0.001)。 SRT组无颅内转移生存率与全脑放疗组无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。SRT组和全脑放疗组1年生存率分别为85.70%和69.40%,2年生存率分别为66.70%和55.10%,两组中位生存期分别为31.56个月和25.00个月,SRT组优于全脑放疗组(P=0.002)。多因素Cox回归分析结果表明无颅外转移(HR=0.527,95% CI:0.290~0.957,P=0.035),颅内病灶≤3个(HR=2.457,95% CI:1.223~4.933,P=0.012),放疗方式SRT(HR=1.746,95% CI:1.055~2.888,P=0.030)是HER2阳性乳腺癌脑转移放疗预后的独立保护因素。结论 SRT联合拉帕替尼在局部控制率以及生存率上优于全脑放疗联合拉帕替尼。颅内病灶个数少、无颅外转移灶和放疗方式是HER2阳性乳腺癌脑转移治疗的良好预后因素。     

拉帕替尼在乳腺癌中的应用及其耐药机制研究现状

随着分子肿瘤学的发展,乳腺癌进入了分子分型时代。基于患者不同生物标志物表达的个体化医疗已经成为目前乳腺癌治疗的模式。HER2阳性乳腺癌侵袭性高、预后差,占所有乳腺癌患者的20%~30%。曲妥珠单抗作为第一个人源化单克隆抗体,以HER2为靶点,改善了这部分患者的预后,因此乳腺癌相关各大临床实践指南和专家共识明确推荐HER2阳性乳腺癌患者不同阶段均可以使用曲妥珠单抗进行抗HER2治疗。但是曲妥珠单抗的心脏毒性及原发、继发耐药等问题迫使临床医生对二线抗HER2治疗进行探索。拉帕替尼作为第一个被批准用于临床作用于HER1和HER2双靶点的酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,是曲妥珠单抗失败后的不错选择。本文对拉帕替尼在乳腺癌中的应用、相关临床研究及其耐药机制研究进行简要综述。     

Lapatinib for advanced or metastatic breast cancer

Lapatinib is a potent reversible and selective inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase domains of epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2 that exerts its action by competitive binding to the intracellular ATP-binding site of the receptor. It is registered for the treatment of advanced or metastatic HER-2+ breast cancer in combination with capecitabine and for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in combination with an aromatase inhibitor. Lapatinib administered orally once daily is moderately to well tolerated, with rash and gastrointestinal adverse events as the main toxicities. In studies on the efficacy of lapatinib, direct comparisons between lapatinib and trastuzumab are lacking. Results of ongoing randomized phase III studies with lapatinib or trastuzumab in combination with taxanes as first-line agents for metastatic breast cancer as well as in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings are awaited.     

First-line chemotherapy for HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer patients who received anthracyclines as adjuvant treatment

The treatment decision for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have received anthracyclines within the course of adjuvant chemotherapy is troublesome, particularly if trastuzumab and hormonal treatment are not indicated. In the first part of this review we discuss the value of retreatment with anthracyclines, a topic that has been indirectly evaluated by retrospective studies with conflicting results and within a small phase III trial with a negative outcome. Evidence on liposomal anthracyclines is also reviewed. In the second part of the review, alternative options of first-line chemotherapy are discussed. These include taxanes as single agents, taxanes in combination with other cytotoxic drugs, combinations without anthracyclines and taxanes, and innovative treatments including target-based agents. Both the amount and the quality of evidence on these treatments are poor. Few phase III studies are available and most of them have been performed with registrative aims sponsored by the companies who own the winning drug. Beyond indications derived from such studies, there is a great need for more clinical research in this setting.     

First-line treatment options for patients with HER-2 negative metastatic breast cancer: the impact of modern adjuvant chemotherapy

The management of early breast cancer has evolved rapidly in recent years. Consequently, the range of first-line treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is becoming increasingly complicated and therapy depends on a complex interaction of tumor, patient, and physician variables. Arguably one of the most important factors determining choice of first-line chemotherapy is prior adjuvant therapy. We have reviewed data from large, randomized clinical trials to identify the most effective regimens and help clinicians to select first-line treatment based on previous adjuvant therapy. In this review we provide recommendations on the most appropriate first-line therapy according to the type of previous adjuvant therapy. With such a wide array of treatment options available, none is likely to become the gold-standard first-line treatment for MBC. Furthermore, as increasing emphasis is placed on the quality as well as the duration of survival after development of MBC, treatment decisions should take into account tumor characteristics, toxicity, convenience, potential impact on quality of life, and patient preference, in addition to robust efficacy data.     

HER-2 and choice of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer

The amplification or overexpression of HER-2 is a recognized prognostic marker that is associated with poor survival for patients with node-positive breast cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that HER-2 may serve to direct the selection of optimal adjuvant chemotherapy. This article provides a critical review of the studies that offer evidence for the role of HER-2 as a predictor of response to chemotherapy.     

Lapatinib plus letrozole for postmenopausal patients with advanced HER2+/HR+ breast cancer

Lapatinib is an oral, small-molecule dual inhibitor of human EGF receptor 1 (EGFR/erbB1) and 2 (HER2/erbB2). Lapatinib has recently been approved, in combination with capecitabine, for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients failing trastuzumab therapy. Data from clinical trials are consistently showing the key role of this agent in the management of HER2-positive disease. Moreover, interesting data are suggesting a key role of lapatinib in enhancing endocrine responsiveness and/or restoring endocrine sensitivity in hormone receptor-positive disease. The present article will summarize the main data leading to the clinical development of the combination of lapatinib and the aromatase inhibitor letrozole.     

曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇脂质体和卡培他滨治疗HER-2阳性复发转移性乳腺癌

目的：评估曲妥珠单抗（trastuzumab,H）与紫杉醇脂质体（paclitaxel liposome,P）、卡培他滨（capecit-abine,X）的联合方案HPX方案治疗人表皮生长因子受体-2（human epidermal growth factor receptor-2,HER-2）阳性复发转移性乳腺癌的疗效与安全性。方法筛选HER-2阳性复发转移性乳腺癌患者32例,给予HPX方案治疗：曲妥珠单抗首次8 mg／kg,后6 mg／kg维持,d1;紫杉醇脂质体175 mg／m2,d1;卡培他滨825 mg／m2,2次／d,d1－14,21天为1周期。结果32例患者中位无进展生存时间（progression-free survival,PFS）为12．7月（95％CI：5．7－19.7月）,客观缓解率（objective response rate,ORR）为53．2％,临床获益率（clinical benefit rate,CBR）为84．5％。一线治疗患者的PFS达15．3月（95％ CI：2．5－28．1月）,ORR达68．4％,CBR达84．2％。Ⅲ～Ⅳ级不良反应主要为血液学毒性,包括中性粒细胞减少（46．9％）、白细胞减少（37．5％）、血小板减少（6．3％）,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级非血液学不良反应主要为手足综合征（9．4％）和腹泻（3．1％）。结论曲妥珠单抗联合紫杉醇脂质体和卡培他滨是治疗HER-2阳性复发转移性乳腺癌的有效治疗方案,且安全性良好。     

Ixabepilone plus capecitabine for breast cancer patients with an early metastatic relapse after adjuvant chemotherapy: two clinical trials

BackgroundDespite recent advances in treating patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), outcomes remain poor. Ixabepilone is a semisynthetic analogue of epothilone B with low susceptibility to multiple mechanisms of tumor-cell resistance. This review examined the results of 2 phase III clinical trials of ixabepilone in patients with drug-resistant or heavily pretreated, locally advanced breast cancer or MBC.Patients and MethodsIn both studies, women with locally advanced breast cancer or MBC pretreated with, or resistant to, taxanes or anthracyclines were randomly assigned to ixabepilone plus capecitabine, or capecitabine alone, until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred.ResultsIxabepilone plus capecitabine significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) compared with capecitabine alone. The median PFS was prolonged by 1.5 months and 1.8 months in the 2 studies (hazard ratio, < 0.8 in both studies; P ≥ .001). These observations remained valid within several patient subsets: those receiving ixabepilone as first-line therapy, those with taxane-resistant disease, and those with particularly poor prognostic features. Ixabepilone plus capecitabine significantly improved overall survival (OS) compared with capecitabine in patients with symptomatic disease (12.3 vs. 9.5 months, respectively; P = .015). Peripheral neuropathy with ixabepilone was generally reversible and was effectively managed by dosage reduction in most patients. Ixabepilone did not exacerbate capecitabine-induced hand-foot syndrome or diarrhea.ConclusionThe results of these 2 large phase III trials suggest that ixabepilone plus capecitabine may improve treatment outcomes for patients with locally advanced breast cancer or MBC resistant to, or heavily pretreated with, taxanes or anthracyclines, even in those with poor prognostic features.     

贝伐单抗联合紫杉类化疗方案治疗HER-2阴性转移性乳腺癌的疗效评估:一项Meta分析

目的:采用Meta分析方法系统性评估贝伐单抗联合紫杉类化疗药物对HER-2阴性转移性乳腺癌的治疗效果。方法:电子计算机检索自建库至2020年12月发表的有关贝伐单抗联合紫杉类药物治疗HER-2阴性转移性乳腺癌的文章。根据制定的纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选以及质量评价,然后提取研究数据。选择PFS、OS、ORR以及1年生存率（1y SR）作为主要疗效结局指标,采用Stata软件对合并效应量风险比率（hazard ratio,HR）和相对危险度（relative ratio,RR）进行Meta合并分析,按照研究类型进行亚组分析。发表偏倚利用漏斗图法以及Egger检验进行定性和定量评估。结果:初检文献849篇,最终纳入9篇文献进入Meta分析,研究共包含患者6 242例,其中贝伐单抗联合紫杉组3 555例,紫杉单药组2 687例。文献质量评价均为中等或高等质量。Meta合并结果显示,贝伐单抗联合紫杉方案对比紫杉单药能够显著提升PFS（HR=0.65,95%CI 0.55~0.77,Z=5.01,P＜0.001）、ORR（RR=1.59,95%CI 1.44~11.74,Z=9.61,P＜0.001）以及1y SR（RR=1.11,95%CI 1.08~1.15,Z=6.26,P＜0.001）,但在OS方面的优势不具有显著统计学意义（HR=0.83,95%CI 0.69~1.00,Z=2.0,P＜0.045）。结论:贝伐单抗联合紫杉类治疗方案,相比紫杉单药化疗方案可以明显提升PFS、ORR以及1年生存率,但并不能显著增加OS。因此,在临床实践中,应当谨慎选择化疗方案。