Shoulder Rotation Range of Motion and Serve Speed in Adolescent Male Volleyball Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study

BackgroundThrowing athletes present alterations in shoulder rotation range of motion (ROM), but not much is known about the relationship between these alterations and performance measurements in volleyball practitioners.PurposeTo compare the passive ranges of motion of internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and total rotation motion (TRM) of the shoulder in dominant and nondominant limbs of young volleyball athletes and to investigate their relationship with ball speed during serves with and without precision (inside and outside court, respectively). The possible association of anthropometrics and competitive practice time with these velocities was also investigated.Study DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsFifty-seven male volleyball athletes (mean age 17.11 ± 1.88 y; weight 74.68 ± 9.7 kg; height 1.87 ± 0.09 cm) were evaluated for shoulder IR and ER with a bubble goniometer and serve speed inside and outside court was measured with a radar gun. Simple and multiple regression analyses were applied to investigate associations of ROM, anthropometrics, and competitive practice time with serve speed.ResultsDominant shoulders had diminished IR ROM compared to nondominant shoulders (59.1º ± 16.7º vs 66.4º ± 16.9º; p < 0.001) as well as diminished TRM (173.5º ± 31.8º vs 179.1º ± 29.9º; p < 0.001). Simple regression showed negative association between dominant ER and serve speed outside the court (p = 0.004). Positive associations existed between age and serve speed in both conditions (p < 0.001), BMI and speed inside (p = 0.009) and outside the court (p = 0.008), and between competitive practice time and speed inside (p = 0.008) and outside court (p = 0.003). However, multiple analysis confirmed only age (p < 0.001) and BMI to be associated with ball velocities (inside court p = 0.034; outside court p = 0.031).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that young volleyball athletes presented lower IR and TRM of the shoulder in the dominant upper limb. Age and BMI were directly associated with ball velocities when serving. Passive rotation ROM did not have a relationship with this performance measurement.Level of Evidence3b     

Glenohumeral Joint Range of Motion in Elite Male Golfers: A Pilot Study

Background

Shoulder injuries account for up to 17% of all golf related musculoskeletal injuries. One cause may be the repetitive stresses applied to the lead shoulder during the backswing and follow-through phases, which may contribute to the frequency of these injuries. The “elite” golfer may be pre-disposed to developing a shoulder injury based upon the reported adaptations to the glenohumeral joint.

Objective

To examine and compare bilateral glenohumeral joint rotational range of motion in elite golfers using standard goniometric procedures.

Methods

Twenty-four “elite” male golfers were recruited for this study. Glenohumeral internal (IR) and external rotation (ER) passive range of motion was measured bilaterally at 90° of abduction using a standard universal goniometer. Paired t-tests were utilized to statistically compare the rotational range of motion patterns between the lead and the trailing shoulder.

Results

No statistical differences existed between each shoulder for mean IR or mean ER measures. This finding was consistent throughout different age groups. External rotation measurements were greater than IR measurements in both extremities.

Discussion and Conclusion

Unlike other sports requiring repetitive shoulder function, the “elite” golfers sampled in this pilot investigation did not demonstrate a unique passive range of motion pattern between the lead and trailing shoulders. Factors, including subjects'' age, may have confounded the findings. Further studies are warranted utilizing cohorts of golfers with matching age and skill levels. Additional shoulder range of motion measures should be evaluated.     

持续被动运动器对全髋关节置换术后患肢髋关节活动的恢复效果及康复指导

目的观察持续被动运动器(continuouspassivemotionapparatus,CPM)对全髋关节置换术后患肢关节活动度的影响。方法将65例全髋关节置换术后患者随机分成两组:一组进行常规康复疗法(对照组),另一组应用常规康复疗法+CPM进行康复治疗(CPM组)。进行6至12个月的随访,测量术后8、10、12周的患肢髋关节活动度。结果两组术后8、10和12周的髋关节活动度逐步改善,但CPM组较对照组的术后8、10和12周的髋关节活动度改善更为明显(P<0.05)。结论应用常规康复疗法和常规康复疗法+CPM均可有效地改善患者患肢的髋关节活动度,但常规康复疗法+CPM的疗效更好,同时应加强康复指导。     

Range of Motion in Older Women

This study had three purposes: to compare the active neck and upper extremity range of motion (ROM) in healthy older women with expected estimates; to consider if right and left side measures were similar; and to determine the degree of ROM loss with advancing age. Sixty-one older women, living independently in the community, were measured at the neck, shoulder, elbow, forearm, and wrist on the right and left sides using a standard protocol. ROM was less than expected by 14_ to 30_ for neck lateral flexion (26.00_ ?8.72_ on right; 26.41_ ?7.67_ on left), shoulder abduction (154.62_D 21.37_ on right; 150.25_ ?21.65_ on left), shoulder flexion (158.23_ ?19.55_ on right; 159.20_ ?8.73_ on left), shoulder internal rotation (52.92_ ?8.99_ on right; 53.74_ ?9.94_ on left), and shoulder external rotation (76.05_ ?16.31_ on right; 72.44_ ?15.37 on left). Some differences were noted between right and left side ROM. Linear regression for age and range suggested that range decreased with age by an average of approximately 1_ per year in right shoulder abduction, right shoulder flexion, and right and left shoulder external rotation.     

Hip Abduction Strength: Relationship to Trunk and Lower Extremity Motion During A Single-Leg Step-Down Task in Professional Baseball Players

BackgroundThe single-leg step down task (SLSD) is a clinical tool to assess movement and control of the lower extremity and trunk. Hip abduction weakness may impact movement quality during the SLSD, however the relationships between movement and strength are unclear.PurposeTo determine the relationship between hip abduction isometric strength and movement during the SLSD of trunk lean, pelvic drop, knee valgus, and hip flexion.Study DesignCross sectional, cohort studyMethodsOne hundred-eighteen Minor League baseball players (age=21.6 ± 2.0 years; n=68 pitchers, n=50 position players) participated. Bilateral hip abduction isometric strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer (HHD), and then multiplied by distance from the greater trochanter to the HHD and expressed as hip abduction torque. Video cameras captured the SLSD, with participants standing on one leg while lowering their contralateral heel to touchdown on the floor from a 0.203m (8in.) step. Trunk lean, trunk flexion, pelvic drop, knee valgus, and hip flexion were measured using Dartfish at heel touchdown. A value of 180° indicated no knee valgus. Pearson correlations examined the relationships between hip abduction torque and SLSD motions.ResultsThere were no significant correlations for position players. For pitchers, on the lead leg increased hip abduction torque weakly correlated with a decrease in knee valgus (r= 0.24, p=0.049). Also for pitchers on the trail leg, increased hip abduction torque weakly correlated with decreased pelvic drop (r= -0.28, p=0.021).ConclusionHip abduction strength contributes to dynamic control of the trunk and legs. Specifically in pitchers, hip abduction weakness was related to increased movement of the lower extremity and lumbopelvic regions during the dynamic SLSD task. These deficits could translate to altered pitching performance and injury.Levels of Evidence2.     

示指关节活动空间及其应用

目的 测量健康和受伤后示指关节活动空间,探讨其在康复中的应用价值。方法 招募示指未受过伤的健康大学生志愿者30例(健康组)和示指近期受伤的大学生志愿者3例(患者组),嘱其在示指独立以及与中指协同状态下做屈伸、内收、外展和环转运动,每个动作重复2次,间隔30 s。采用高清相机记录示指运动轨迹,MATLAB软件整理分析视频,比较两组不同动作的运动范围,绘制伤指运动空间和范围对比图。结果 与健康组相比,患者组示指独立屈伸及内收-外展范围分别缺失26.5%和24.6%。由于伤指恢复程度不同,3例患者环转运动缺陷个体差异较大,最大缺失方向分别在160°、70°和170°。结论 观察示指运动空间缺失范围百分比和最大缺陷方向,有助于对伤指的康复评定。     

持续被动运动在膝关节置换术后早期康复治疗中的作用

目的评价持续被动运动(CPM)在膝关节置换术后早期康复治疗中对疼痛和膝关节主动屈伸活动度的作用。方法 20例(40膝)女性重度骨性关节炎患者行双膝关节同时置换术。分为实验组和对照组,每组10例20膝。实验组术后每天2次行CPM和主动康复治疗,对照组每天2次主动康复治疗。术前、术后2周和3个月应用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和角度测量仪评估两组患者的疼痛和膝关节主动屈伸活动度。结果术后2周和3个月,两组患者的疼痛评分和膝关节活动度均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。与术前相比,疼痛评分和膝关节主动屈伸活动度在术后3个月均有明显改善(P<0.01)。结论进行主动康复治疗后,CPM的辅助应用对膝关节置换术后3个月内疼痛和关节活动度的改善无明显促进作用。     

The Reliability and Validity of a Clinical Measurement Proposed to Quantify Humeral Torsion

BackgroundRange of motion (ROM) impairments of the overhead athletes’ shoulder are commonly addressed through mobility-based treatments, however, adaptations from humeral torsion (HT) are not amenable to such interventions. A clinical measurement to quantify HT has been proposed, however, the validity is not conclusive.PurposeThe primary aim of this study is to determine the intrarater reliability and standard error of measurement (SEM) of the biceps forearm angle (BFA) measurement. The secondary aim of this study is to investigate the convergent validity of the BFA compared to diagnostic ultrasound.Study DesignCross Sectional Reliability and Validity StudyMethodsHT measurements, utilizing diagnostic ultrasound, were compared to BFA in 74 shoulders (37 subjects) over two sessions. Each measurement was performed three times and a third investigator recorded measures to ensure blinding. Reliability was investigated using utilizing an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 3,k)ResultsIntrarater reliability values were 0.923 and 0.849 for diagnostic ultrasound and BFA methods respectively. Convergent validity was r = 0.566. The standard error of measurement for diagnostic ultrasound and BFA was 3° and 5°, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement between the two measurement methods were -24.80° and 19.80° with a mean difference of -2.50° indicating that on average the diagnostic ultrasound measurement was lower than that of the BFA method.ConclusionThe BFA is a reliable clinical method for quantifying HT, however, demonstrates moderate to poor convergent validity when compared to diagnostic ultrasound.Level of Evidence2b     

Validity of an Alternate Hand Behind Back Shoulder Range of Motion Measurement in Patients With Shoulder Pain and Movement Dysfunction

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the criterion-related validity of a novel method of measuring hand behind back (HBB) shoulder range of motion (ROM) for evaluating pain and disability in people with shoulder pain and movement impairment.

持续被动运动联合等速闭链训练对膝关节前交叉韧带重建术患者疼痛、关节活动度及运动功能的影响

目的 评价持续被动运动联合等速闭链训练对膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)重建术患者疼痛、膝关节活动度和运动功能的影响.方法 选择2020年6月—2021年1月行膝关节ACL重建术115例为观察对象,根据康复训练方法不同分为对照组57例和观察组58例.对照组采用常规康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上采用持续被动运动联合等速闭链训练...     

The reliability,responsiveness and clinical utility of the proximat: A new tool for measuring hip range of movement in children with cerebral palsy

Background and Purpose . Monitoring range of movement is a key aspect of managing hip problems in children with cerebral palsy. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility, reliability and responsiveness of a new measurement tool, the Proximat, for hip range of movement. Method . Passive hip abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotation were measured by using the Proximat on 26 children with cerebral palsy attending three special schools: 16 of whom are boys, mean age = 7 years and 6 months (standard deviation = 4.2 years), range 2–15 years. Testing was undertaken by two physiotherapists to assess interrater reliability and repeated the following day to assess test–retest reliability. Total, random and systematic errors were calculated for interrater and test–retest. Results . The Proximat was quick and easy to use and acceptable to the children. High reliability was found for all movements (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.83–0.93) with reasonable responsiveness; total error was 2.5–12 degrees. Most of the error was random with little evidence of systematic bias. Conclusions . The Proximat is a reliable, responsive and acceptable method of measuring passive hip movements in children with cerebral palsy in day‐to‐day clinical practice. A change of 8–12 degrees is needed to overcome measurement error and to indicate that a ‘true’ change in range of movement has occurred. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Acute Effects of Dry Needling on Myofascial Trigger Points in the Triceps Surae of Ballet Dancers: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundThere is convincing evidence that dancers suffer injuries to the triceps surae musculature. Research on the immediate effects of dry needling (DN) is limited, and it is important to understand the acute effects of this treatment prior to performance.PurposeThe purpose of this pilot study was to assess the immediate effects of DN on myofascial trigger points in terms of skin surface temperature, pain, active and passive range of motion, and torque production in the triceps surae of ballet dancers.Study DesignRandomized, double-blinded pilot studyMethodsProfessional ballet dancers that fit inclusion and exclusion criteria (n=11) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. The dancers had three pre-determined standard point (SP) measurement spots that were used as a baseline for surface temperature comparisons. The dancers were also palpated for trigger point (TP) spots. Both SP and TP spots were marked for future measurements. The experimental group received DN, while the control group received sham DN (SHAM) to their bilateral calves at the TP spots. Immediately prior to and following treatment, both DN and SHAM groups were tested for skin surface temperature, pain, range of motion, and plantar flexion torque by blinded assessors. Paired t-tests and independent t-tests were performed to examine for differences between groups.ResultsThe surface temperature for the TP was higher than the SP measurements prior to intervention (Right calf p= .014; Left calf p= .031). There were no significant changes in VAS scale reported pain and ROM. The plantar flexion torque measurements showed an increase in the DN group of the left calf at the angular velocity of 60 degrees/sec.ConclusionThis was a unique pilot study examining the acute effects of DN on professional ballet dancers. The results were limited due to low sample size. However, the methodology for this study and surface temperature results invites future research.Level of evidenceLevel 1b     

Immediate improvements of supination range of motion and strength following pronator teres muscle friction massage: a clinical trial comparing people with and without supination limited motion

Objectives: To investigate the effects of friction massage techniques on the pronator teres muscle on supination range of motion (ROM) and supinator strength in individuals with and without limited supination ROM.

Methods: In total, 26 subjects (13 with limited supination ROM and 13 healthy subjects) volunteered to participate in this study. We used a customized wrist cuff. Supination ROM and supinator strength were measured with a 9-axis inertial motion sensor and load cell. The friction massage protocol was executed with the pronator teres muscle in a relaxed position. Then supination ROM and supinator strength were measured again.

Results: There was no significant interaction effect on supination ROM, which was significantly greater in the limited supination and control groups. A post hoc t-test revealed that the limited supination group achieved a significantly increased post-test supination ROM (51.7 ± 7.8°) compared to the pre-test value (43.6 ± 5.2°). In addition, the control group achieved a significant increase in post-test supination ROM (67.7 ± 10.0°) compared to the pre-test value (61.4 ± 7.7°). There was no significant interaction effect on supinator strength. Supinator strength was significantly greater in the limited supination and control groups. A post hoc t-test revealed a significant difference in supinator strength between the pre- and post-test values in the limited supination group.

Discussion: Friction massage helps restore a limited ROM of the forearm supination motion and immediately increases supinator muscle strength. This technique can be used as an intervention method to improve muscle strength in patients with limited supination ROM.     

The effect of music‐movement therapy on physical and psychological states of stroke patients

Aims and objectives. This study evaluated the effects of combined music‐movement therapy on physical and psychological functioning of hospitalised stroke patients. Background. Few studies have focused on music‐movement therapy’s effects on physical and psychological functioning of stroke patients. Design. A quasi‐experimental design with pre‐ and post‐tests was used. Methods. A convenience sample was used: patients hospitalised for stroke and within two weeks of the onset of stroke were randomised to either an experimental group (received music‐movement therapy in their wheelchairs for 60 minutes three times per week for 8 weeks) or control group (received only routine treatment). The effect of music‐movement therapy was assessed in terms of physical outcomes (range of motion, muscle strength and activities of daily living) and psychological outcomes (mood states, depression), measured in both groups pre‐ and post‐test. Results. The experimental group had significantly increased shoulder flexion and elbow joint flexion in physical function and improved mood state in psychological function, compared with the control group. Conclusions. Early rehabilitation of hospitalised stroke patients within two weeks of the onset of stroke was effective by using music‐movement therapy. It improved their mood state and increased shoulder flexion and elbow joint flexion. Relevance to clinical practice. The findings of this study suggest that rehabilitation for stroke patients should begin as early as possible, even during their hospitalisation. Nursing practice should incorporate the concept of combining music and movements to improve stroke patients’ physical and psychological states starting from the acute phase.