影响喉癌患者预后的Cox回归分析

目的:探讨影响喉癌患者生存率的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析77例喉癌患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、吸烟、族别、肿瘤部位、病理学分级、T分期、N分期、临床分期和治疗方式。应用Kaplan-Meier进行生存分析,组间比较用Log rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险模型。结果:本组患者总的1年、3年、5年生存率分别为98.7%、73.4%、54.1%。单因素分析提示肿瘤部位、病理学分级、T分期、N分期、临床分期、治疗方式对患者预后的影响均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析发现肿瘤部位(P<0.05)、病理学分级(P<0.05)、临床分期(P<0.05)、治疗方式(P<0.01)对预后的影响有统计学意义。结论:影响喉癌患者预后的独立因素是肿瘤部位、病理学分级、临床分期和治疗方式。     

73例老年性乳腺癌临床治疗分析?

目的：回顾性分析不同治疗方案对老年性乳腺癌患者生存率的影响,为临床个体化治疗提供理论依据。方法选择遵义医学院附属医院2006~2014年间收治的大于或等于65岁的乳腺癌患者73例,采用 Kaplan-Meier 生存分析、Log-rank 检验分析和 Cox 风险比例回归进行统计学处理,分析不同分期、病理类型及治疗方案对生存率和预后的影响。结果肿瘤 TNM 分期、激素受体表达情况、是否采用内分泌治疗、是否接受化疗等因素对老年性乳腺癌患者的生存均有影响(P <0.05)。总生存率、3年生存率、5年生存率分别为81.5%、86.0%、73.30%。Cox 多因素分析显示：肿瘤分期是老年性乳腺癌患者的独立预后因素。结论老年乳腺癌患者肿瘤恶性程度较低,生存率高,选择治疗方式时必须综合考虑,因时制宜。     

食管癌术后预后的相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响食管癌术后预后的相关因素,为预后评估和临床治疗提供决策依据。方法:收集经病理确诊的208例食管癌患者的临床资料,随访其5年生存情况。采用kaplan-meier法计算生存率,多因素Cox比例风险回归分析进行筛选和评价独立预后因素,绘制生存曲线。结果:(1)208例食管癌患者术后1年、3年和5年生存率分别为78.8%、57.7%和49.0%,平均生存时间为39.606(95%CI:36.509-42.703)个月。(2)单因素分析显示,不同淋巴结转移数、临床分期、侵犯层次、分化程度、肿瘤长度和手术方式患者5年生存率差异有统计学意义,淋巴结转移数目越多,临床分期越高、侵犯层次越深、分化程度越低和采取姑息手术者的5年生存率越低,P0.05。(3)多因素Cox比例风险回归分析显示,淋巴结转移数(RR=1.524)、临床分期(RR=1.697)、侵犯深度(RR=2.258)和肿瘤分化程度(RR=1.394)入选以5年死亡风险模型。结论:淋巴结转移数、临床分期、侵犯深度和肿瘤分化程度是食管癌术后预后的重要影响因素,早诊早治是降低食管癌死亡率的主要手段。     

非小细胞肺癌中P-MNK1、ZNF217的表达及与预后关系探析

目的 探析非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)丝裂原活化蛋白激酶相互作用激酶1(P-MNK1)、锌指蛋白217(ZNF217)表达水平及其与预后关系。方法 选取我院2014年3月至2016年1月收治的120例NSCLC患者作为观察对象,采用定量Q-PCR检测NSCLC组织及其配对癌旁组织的P-MNK1和ZNF217表达水平,统计患者预后生存时间、5年生存率等相关临床数据资料,然后采用多因素Cox比例风险模型分析P-MNK1、ZNF217表达与患者预后的关系。结果 NSCLC组织P-MNK1和ZNF217表达水平显著高于癌旁组织差异有统计意义(P<0.05);P-MNK1高表达患者(n=55)1、2、3、5年生存率及中位生存时间(MST)均显著低于P-MNK1低表达患者(n=65),差异有统计意义(P<0.05);ZNF217高表达患者(n=58)1、2、3、5年生存率及MST均显著低于ZNF217低表达患者(n=62),差异有统计意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox分析显示,P-MNK1及ZNF217高表达、T分期、N分期和癌细胞多器官转移是NSCLC患者预后的独立影响因子。结论 P-MNK1、ZNF217在NSCLC组织中表达水平较高,是NSCLC患者预后不良的独立影响因子,可作为NSCLC患者预后评估的参考指标。     

原发性食管小细胞癌以外科手术为主的综合治疗及影响因素分析

目的:探讨原发性食管小细胞癌的临床疗效以及影响疗效的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析我院2005年6月至2013年1月间收治的原发性食管小细胞癌71例患者的临床资料,并根据治疗方式分为观察组(手术联合放化疗)50例,对照组(单纯化疗)21例。两组间采取KaplanMeier法及Log-rank检验,计算各组生存率以及中位生存时间,采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 :全组患者中位生存期为11个月,观察组的中位生存期为16个月,1、2、3年总的生存率分别为62.0%、28.0%以及12.0%;对照组中位生存期为8个月,1、2、3年总的生存率分别为42.8%、19.0%以及9.5%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素分析显示年龄、治疗方式、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分期、伴发严重的基础疾病对预后有影响,Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示治疗方式与肿瘤分期是局限期原发性食管小细胞癌的独立影响因素。结论 :原发性食管小细胞癌预后较差,以外科手术为主联合放化疗的综合治疗方法可提高患者的生存率;治疗方式和肿瘤分期是影响预后的独立因素。     

18F-FDG PET/CT代谢体积参数对中晚期NSCLC患者预后的预测价值

目的分析18氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET/CT)代谢体积参数对中晚期NSCLC患者预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年1月四川友谊医院接受18F-FDG PET/CT检查并经病理确诊的中晚期NS CLC患者8 2例的临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank检验及COX比例风险模型分析18F-FDG PET/CT的代谢体积参数[肿瘤最大直径、SUVmax、肿瘤代谢体积(MTV,以40%最大标准化摄取值SUVmax为阈值)、糖酵解总量(TLG)]与总生存期(OS)、无进展生存期(PFS)的关系。结果 82例NSCLC患者肿瘤最大直径、SUVmax、MTV、TLG的中位数及范围分别为3.42 (1.5~13.57)cm、1 4.26(5.27~33.78)cm2、17.69(2.16~134.84)、143.89 (6.48~2741.35);所有患者整体中位OS为21.78个月,中位PFS为17.14个月,不同肿瘤最大直径、是否手术、TNM分期、MTV、TLG患者的OS、PFS差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,高MTV为OS的危险因素,高TLG为PFS的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论18F-FDG PET/CT代谢体积参数对中晚期NSCLC患者预后有较高预测价值,值得在临床推广实践。     

66例胃癌手术临床特点及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨因胃癌行手术治疗患者的生存情况及其预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2002年1月～2006年11月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院胃肠肿瘤外科行手术治疗的66例胃癌患者的临床资料。采用Kaplan-Meier生存率分析和Cox比例风险模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 66例胃癌患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为68.0%、44.0%、11.0%。单因素分析显示PTNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、有无远处转移、根治度是影响术后生存率的因素。Cox多因素分析显示,胃癌患者行手术治疗后的独立影响因素为根治度、PTNM分期及有无远处转移的交互作用。结论 TNM分期及有无远处转移是影响胃癌患者预后的最重要因素。加强宣传、早期发现对改善胃癌患者手术后的预后有重要意义。     

341例原发性食管鳞癌术后生存期及影响因素分析

目的探讨影响原发性食管鳞癌生存时间的因素,为预测预后提供依据。方法对2000年01月至2008年12月在江苏大学附属宜兴市人民医院进行食管癌根治性切除手术患者定期随访。采用Kaplan-Meier生存率分析和Cox比例风险模型进行单因素和多因素分析。结果患者术后1、2年与5年生存率分别为63%、51%和36%。单因素分析显示TNM分期、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤部位及肿瘤分化程度与术后患者的生存率相关(P<0.05);Cox分析显示,淋巴结转移是影响食管癌预后的独立因素(P<0.05)。结论多种因素影响食管鳞癌患者预后,淋巴结转移可作为食管鳞癌患者预后判断的独立因素。     

预后营养指数与胃癌患者临床病理特征及预后相关性分析

目的 分析预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)与128例胃癌患者的临床特征及预后联系,探讨PNI作为胃癌患者预后指标的作用价值。 方法 回顾性分析2009年9月—2013年1月收治的128例胃癌患者的临床资料,分析PNI与患者临床病理特征联系,再根据随访生存情况,采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并进行单因素分析、Cox比例风险回归模型多因素分析,评估患者临床病理特征、治疗方式、PNI等因素对胃癌患者生存期的影响。 结果 低PNI组与较晚临床分期有关(P=0.041),与年龄、性别、淋巴结转移、是否吸烟饮酒无关联(P＞0.05)。单因素分析发现淋巴结转移、较晚的临床分期、PNI较低、姑息治疗与患者较差的生存预后密切相关(P＜0.05)。PNI较低组患者总生存期(P=0.037)和无进展生存期(P=0.007)均差于PNI较高组。Cox多因素回归分析发现除了较晚的临床分期(风险比例:5.48,置信区间:0.23～21.95)、姑息治疗(风险比例:7.40,置信区间:1.03～16.25)外,PNI＜45(风险比例:0.41,置信区间:0.07～4.66)是胃癌患者不良预后的独立影响因素。 结论 PNI水平高低与胃癌患者肿瘤分期密切相关,除肿瘤分期和只接受姑息治疗外,低PNI是一个较新的胃癌患者预后独立危险因素,对临床预后转归判断有重要的价值。      

原发性食管小细胞癌预后因素与治疗模式分析

目的探究原发性食管小细胞癌(PESC)的预后因素与最佳治疗模式。方法检索收集在郑州大学第一附属医院治疗的116例PESC患者的临床资料并进行随访,经SPSS 21.0统计学软件处理,应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-rank检验各生存曲线间差异,Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析,χ~2检验比较组间差异。结果 98例患者纳入生存分析,中位生存期为20个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为62.4%、21.2%、8.8%。单因素分析显示,N分期、M分期、TNM分期、VALSG分期、是否手术、是否化疗与预后显著相关(P=0.036、0.047、0.001、0.047、0.026、0.003)。COX多因素分析显示:TNM分期(P=0.001)和是否化疗(P<0.001)是患者预后的独立影响因素。局限期患者中,综合治疗组的患者中位生存期(30个月)与单一治疗组(12个月)比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002)。广泛期患者中,综合治疗组的患者中位生存期(23个月)与单一治疗组(11个月)比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.029)。结论 N分期、M分期、TNM分期、VALSG分期、是否手术、是否化疗与PESC患者的预后相关,TNM分期和是否化疗是患者预后的独立影响因素。不论局限期还是广泛期,推荐PESC应用以化疗为基础的综合治疗。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.