T-SPOT.TB在涂阴肺结核早期诊断中的价值研究

目的观察结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T cell spot test of tuberculosis infection,T-SPOT.TB)对涂阴肺结核早期的诊断价值。方法随机选取我院2015年4月~2017年10月收治的60例涂阴肺结核病患者以及140例非结核健康者为本次实验研究对象,实验对象均行结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(Purified Protein Derivative of Tuberculin,PPD)试验检测、T-SPOT.TB检测和结核抗体(Tuberculosis Antibody,TB-AB)测试,比较三种检测方式对肺结核的临床检出效果。结果 60例涂阴肺结核病患者T-SPOT.TB敏感性为96.7%,T-SPOT.TB检测敏感性明显优于TB-AB、PPD,140例非结核健康者T-SPOT.TB特异性为97.9%,T-SPOT.TB检测特异性明显优于TB-AB、PPD,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 T-SPOT.TB诊断涂阴肺结核的敏感性、准确性和特异性均较高,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

γ-干扰素释放试验(T-SPOT.TB)及结核蛋白芯片检测对结核病诊断价值的对比分析

目的 分析γ-干扰素释放试验(T-SPOT.TB)及结核蛋白芯片检测结核病的敏感性及特异性,探讨其对结核病的诊断价值。方法 选取结核病病例398例为结核病组,其中肺结核组310例,肺外结核组88例;非结核病病例149例作为对照组。肺结核组中另分为抗酸染色涂片阴性肺结核组(涂阴组)191例,抗酸染色涂片阳性肺结核组(涂阳组)119例,均进行T-SPOT.TB及结核蛋白芯片试验的检测。结果 结核病组T-SPOT.TB敏感性为83.6%(333/398),结核蛋白芯片敏感性为69.9%(278/398),两种方法差异有统计学意义(χ~2=21.302,P0.05)。肺结核组TSPOT.TB敏感性为81.6%(253/310),结核蛋白芯片敏感性为67.7%(210/310),两种方法差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.771,P0.05)。涂阴组T-SPOT.TB敏感性为81.7%(156/191),结核蛋白芯片敏感性为60.7%(116/191),两种方法差异有统计学意义(χ~2=20.428,P0.05);涂阳组T-SPOT.TB敏感性为81.5%(97/119),结核蛋白芯片敏感性为79.0%(94/119),两种方法差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.239,P0.05)。肺外结核组T-SPOT.TB敏感性为90.9%(80/88),结核蛋白芯片敏感性为77.3%(68/88),两种方法差异有统计学意义(χ~2=6.116,P0.05)。结论T-SPOT.TB方法对结核病诊断的敏感性高于结核蛋白芯片法,对涂片阴性肺结核以及肺外结核病的诊断有很好的价值。     

酶联免疫斑点法检测在涂阴肺结核患者的诊断价值

目的：评价肺泡灌洗液酶联免疫斑点试验（ELISPOT）在痰涂片抗酸杆菌阴性（涂阴）肺结核患者的诊断价值。方法应用ELISPOT检测32例涂阴肺结核患者、30例非结核肺部疾病患者外周血和肺泡灌洗液中分泌结核抗原特异性干扰素的T淋巴细胞水平;绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,计算曲线下面积,比较两者的诊断价值。涂阴肺结核患者的肺泡灌洗液分别进行涂片抗酸染色、分枝杆菌培养、结核分枝杆菌核酸扩增荧光检测,比较其阳性率。结果在32例涂阴肺结核患者和30例非结核肺部疾病患者中,血ELISPOT检测的敏感性和特异性分别为84.4%、90.0%,肺泡灌洗液ELISPOT检测的敏感性和特异性分别为90.6%、96.7%,两者的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;肺泡灌洗液、血ELISPOT检测ROC曲线下面积为0.936、0.872。涂阴肺结核肺泡灌洗液ELISPOT检测阳性率（90.6%）明显高于肺泡灌洗液抗酸染色（15.6%）、分枝杆菌培养（34.4%）和结核分枝杆菌核酸扩增荧光检测（31.3%）,差异均有统计学意义（P均=0.000）。结论 ELISPOT检测肺泡灌洗液中分泌结核抗原特异性干扰素γ的T淋巴细胞水平,具有敏感、特异、快速等优点,可成为涂阴肺结核的辅助诊断方法。     

比较结核感染T细胞斑点试验、结核菌素试验以及血清结核抗体检测对诊断肺结核的价值

目的：比较结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-cell spot of tuberculosis,T-SPOT.TB)、结核菌素试验(purified protein derivative,PPD)以及血清结核抗体(Tuberculosis antibody,TB-Ab)检测对肺结核的诊断价值。方法随机选取自2014年1月—2016年8月在该院确诊为肺结核患者60例,作为肺结核组;确诊非肺结核就诊者30名作为非肺结核组,两组就诊者均接受了T-SPOT.TB、PPD以及TB-Ab检测。比较两组接受不同检测方法对诊断肺结核灵敏性与特异性的差异。结果 T-SPOT.TB检测诊断肺结核的敏感性为73.30%,特异性为80.00%;PPD试验诊断肺结核的敏感性为60.00%,特异性为86.70%;血清TB-Ab检测检测诊断肺结核的敏感性为53.30%,特异性为66.70%。结论 T-SPOT.TB诊断肺结核的敏感性高于PPD试验和血清结核抗体检测;T细胞斑点试验T-SPOT.TB诊断肺结核的特异性高于血清结核抗体检测,与PPD试验差异无统计学意义。     

T-SPOT.TB与TB-IgG检测在结核病诊断中的价值研究

目的 探讨结核感染T细胞斑点试验(TB-SPOT.TB)与血清结核分支杆菌抗体检测试验(TB-IgG)在结核病诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性调查2014年6月~2014年12月收治的273例临床疑似结核病病例或待排病例(确诊活动性结核患者41例为结核组,非结核患者232例为非结核组)进行感染T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)和血清结核分支杆菌抗体(TB-IgG)平行检测,比较两种方法诊断结核病的敏感性、特异性,绘制ROC曲线(受试者工作特征曲线)比较两种诊断试验对肺结核的诊断效果.结果 T-SPOT.TB检测结核临床诊断的敏感性为90.24%(37/41),特异性为80.17%(186/232);TB-IgG检测结核的敏感性为17.07%(7/41),特异性为95.69%(222/232).结核组T-SPOT.TB检测法阳性检出率明显高于TB-IgG检测阳性率(P<0.05),非结核组T-SPOT.TB检测法阳性检出率也明显高于TB-IgG检测阳性率(P<0.05).T-SPOT.TB曲线下面积为0.852,TB-IgG检测曲线下面积为0.564,均超过诊断有效标准0.5,且T-SPOT.TB曲线下面积>0.7,诊断准确性更好.结论 T-SPOT.TB技术检测结核病操作简便且具有较好的敏感性,值得临床推广,但TB-IgG技术对排除结核病具有较好的特异性,可弥补T-SPOT.TB特异性上的不足,是防止误诊的有效补充,临床筛查结核病可联合使用两种诊断方法,进一步提高诊断价值.     

γ干扰素释放试验在广州地区艾滋病合并疑似结核人群中的诊断价值

目的探讨γ干扰素释放试验在广州地区艾滋病合并疑似结核感染人群中的诊断价值。方法以2015年7月至2016年1月于广州市第八人民医院就诊的252例艾滋病患者为研究对象,根据临床表现、辅助检查等将其分成三组:确诊结核组(n=24)、可疑结核组(n=70)、非结核组(n=158);应用TSPOT.TB试剂盒检测各组患者外周血γ干扰素水平;利用SPSS 13.0统计软件分析检测结果。结果γ干扰素释放试验试剂TSPOT.TB诊断艾滋病合并结核的敏感性为56.38%,特异性为92.40%;在诊断HIV合并肺结核时,TSPOT.TB诊断的敏感性显著低于诊断HIV合并肺外结核(45.54%vs.71.80%,P=0.011),而特异性显著高于诊断HIV合并肺外结核(98.78%vs.84.21%,P=0.003);活动性结核组CD4~+T细胞计数≥200/μL及200/μL的患者中TSPOT.TB检测阳性率分别为60.0%和58.0%,但差异无统计学意义。绘制TSPOT.TB试验对艾滋病合并疑似结核的诊断价值ROC曲线,曲体下面积为0.744(95%CI:0.676~0.812)。结论 TSPOT.TB试验在广州地区艾滋病合并疑似结核感染人群中有一定的辅助诊断价值。     

探讨结核感染T细胞斑点试验在肺结核中的诊断价值

目的评价结核感染T细胞斑点试验(T-cell spot of tuberculosis test,T-SPOT.TB)在肺结核病中的诊断价值。方法通过对2015年10月~2016年10月在石河子大学第一附属医院疑诊为肺结核的1012例住院成年患者进行回顾性分析,依据最终诊断分为活动性结核组、陈旧性结核组、非结核患者组。所有患者均行T-SPOT.TB检测,诊断不明确且无卡介苗接种或陈旧性结核患者行结核菌素皮肤试验,根据T-SPOT.TB结果对T细胞斑点数进行比较分析。结果活动性结核组T细胞斑点数中位数67.0(32.8,133.5)显著高于陈旧性结核组的5.0(1.0,18.5)和非TB组的3.0(1.0,10.0)(P=0.000);肺结核组的T细胞斑点数中位数为85.0(37.0,140.0),高于肺外结核组40.4(8.0,106.0)(P=0.001)。T细胞斑点数分布范围在各组之间有重叠。T-SPOT.TB在肺结核中的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为91.00%、68.49%、61.34%、93.26%。受试者工作特性曲线(ROC曲线)分析显示,在活动性结核组中T-SPOT.TB的ROC曲线下面积(0.887)大于抗原A(0.874)和抗原B(0.868),以T细胞斑点数25.5作为区分活动性结核与潜伏性结核分枝杆菌感染(简称潜伏性结核感染)的最佳界值,其灵敏度和特异度分别是79.9%和79.4%。结论 (1)T细胞斑点数可反映体内的结核分枝杆菌负荷;(2)T-SPOT.TB在肺结核的诊断中具有较高的灵敏度和特异度;(3)以T细胞斑点数25.5作为区分动性结核与潜伏性结核感染的最佳界值,但需结合临床及其他检查结果。     

结核分枝杆菌DNA检测在肺部疾病患者临床诊断及治疗中的指导意义

目的:探讨结核分枝杆菌DNA检测在临床诊断及治疗中的指导意义。方法:选取肺部疾病患者1 000例,收集患者胸膜炎的胸水标本与咳痰标本,根据患者临床症状及涂片检测等结果将1 000例患者分为初治涂阳肺结核组(271例),初治涂阴肺结核组(265例),肺外结核组(266例)和肺部其他疾病组(198例)。另随机抽取医院80例医护人员的健康血样标本设为正常对照组。所有研究对象均采取双盲法诊断PCR扩增与ABI-7500仪器荧光检测结核分枝杆菌DNA定量。结果:271例初治涂阳肺结核组患者阳性检出率为85.98%,特异性96.25%,检测敏感性85.98%,阳性预测值98.73%,阴性预测值66.96%;265例初治涂阴肺结核组患者结核杆菌DNA阳性检出率为41.89%,特异性96.25%,检测敏感性41.89%,阳性预测值97.37%,阴性预测值33.33%;266例肺外结核组患者结核杆菌DNA阳性检出率为33.83%,特异性96.25%,检测敏感性33.83%,阳性预测值96.77%,阴性预测值30.43%。结论:采用结核分枝杆菌DNA检测具有极高的特异性与敏感度,提高了结核病患者的诊断准确率,为临床防治结核病提供重要依据。     

不同浓度纯结素试验对HIV感染者结核病诊断价值

目的探讨不同浓度纯结素试验对H IV感染者结核病诊断的敏感性和特异性。方法采用5 IU(0.1m l)、1 IU、0.1 IU三个不同浓度结核菌素分别对H IV感染者合并涂阳肺结核病、涂阴肺结核病、单纯H IV感染者进行皮试。结果5 IU涂阳肺结核病人的灵敏度为37.8%、1 IU涂阳肺结核病人的灵敏度为17.8%、0.1 IU涂阳肺结核病人的灵敏度为2.2%;5 IU涂阴肺结核病人的灵敏度为36.7%、1 IU涂阴肺结核病人的灵敏度为21.5%、0.1 IU涂阴肺结核病人的灵敏度为2.6%;5 IU PPD试验的特异度为92.6%、1 IU PPD试验的特异度为96.7%、0.1 IU PPD试验的特异度为98.3%。结论5 IU对H IV感染者结核病的诊断具有较高的敏感性和特异性,对H IV感染者结核病的诊断具有较大的价值;1 IU和0.1 IU对感染者结核病的诊断具有较高的特异性,但敏感性太低,对H IV感染者结核病的诊断不具有应用价值。     

T细胞斑点试验、结核蛋白芯片、抗酸染色涂片和结核菌素试验对肺结核病诊断价值的比较

目的 对T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)、结核蛋白芯片(GCT)、抗酸染色涂片(AFS)及结核菌素试验(PPD)检测结核分枝杆菌的方法进行比较,评价不同方法在肺结核病诊断中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2013年1月-2014年6月湖北省宜昌市第三人民医院收治的疑似肺结核患者206例,其中确诊肺结核患者134例;非结核患者72例.用上述4种方法分别检测206例患者,分析4种方法诊断肺结核病的敏感性、特异性,并比较T-SPOT.TB与GCT、AFS与PPD试验诊断肺结核的准确性.结果 T-SPOT.TB、GCT、AFS及PPD试验检测肺结核的敏感性分别为86.57％、52.24％、31.34％和55.97％;特异性分别为90.28％、81.94％、98.61％和66.67％.结论 T-SPOT.TB与GCT、AFS及PPD试验比较,有简便、快速、敏感性高和特异性强等优点,是临床结核病快速诊断的有效检测方法.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.