利拉鲁肽对脊髓损伤修复作用的探讨

目的探讨利拉鲁肽对大鼠脊髓损伤(SCI)神经的修复作用及机制。方法将雌性大鼠分为利拉鲁肽干预组、正常对照组,每组24只。采用大鼠脊髓动脉瘤夹夹伤法建立大鼠脊髓损伤模型。术后分别给予利拉鲁肽(0.12 mg/kg,0.5 m L)、生理盐水(0.5 m L)。术后2 d应用细胞凋亡技术检测神经细胞损伤程度,术后3 d采用Western blotting蛋白印迹技术检测损伤脊髓组织中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达水平,术后14 d对损伤脊髓组织行HE染色观察组织形态变化并计算损伤空洞面积,术后3 d至28 d定期记录大鼠后肢行为学BBB评分。结果 SCI后利拉鲁肽干预组细胞凋亡、炎性因子表达、空洞面积计算均较正常对照组降低(P<0.05),利拉鲁肽干预组双后肢BBB评分同期较正常对照组高(P<0.05)。结论脊髓损伤后给予利拉鲁肽可降低细胞凋亡及急性炎症反应,有利于后期神经组织修复以及运动功能恢复。     

脊髓损伤大鼠细胞凋亡、自噬程度的评估及阿魏酸的干预作用研究

目的:研究脊髓损伤大鼠细胞凋亡、自噬程度的评估及阿魏酸的干预作用。方法:选择成年雄性SD大鼠并分为假手术组(Sham组)、脊髓损伤组(SCI组)、阿魏酸干预组(FA组),通过动脉夹夹持的方法建立脊髓损伤模型,给予100mg/kg的阿魏酸灌胃、2次/日干预。干预后7、14d时,测定脊髓组织中凋亡分子、凋亡抑制分子、细胞自噬分子的表达量。结果:SCI组大鼠脊髓组织中PARP-1、AIF、ASK-1、mTOR、PI3K、Akt、Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ的蛋白表达量显著高于Sham组,Survivin、NAIP、Bcl-2的蛋白表达量显著低于Sham组;FA组大鼠脊髓组织中PARP-1、AIF、ASK-1、mTOR、PI3K、Akt、Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ的蛋白表达量显著低于SCI组,Survivin、NAIP、Bcl-2的蛋白表达量显著高于SCI组。结论:阿魏酸对脊髓损伤过程中的细胞凋亡、自噬具有抑制作用。     

脊伤颗粒对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后运动功能及Caspase-3表达的影响

目的 研究脊伤颗粒对大鼠脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)后运动功能及半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)表达的影响.方法 随机抽取大鼠32只作为假手术组,其余118只大鼠采用改良Allen'S打击器制作大鼠SCI模型,将造模成功的96只大鼠随机分为模型组、甲基强的松龙组(下称甲强龙组)、脊伤颗粒组.分别给予假手术组、模型组生理盐水灌胃,甲强龙组尾静脉注射药物,脊伤颗粒组予以相应药物灌胃.在给药后1、3、7、14 d的4个不同时间点采用BBB行为学功能评分;再分批处死大鼠,取出SCI组织用HE染色观察其病理变化,用免疫组化染色检测Caspase-3表达阳性细胞,原位末端标记法(TUNEL法)标记凋亡细胞.结果 (1)BBB运动功能评分方面,与假手术组比较,模型组评分低(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,脊伤颗粒组、甲强龙组评分高(P＜0.05);与甲强龙组比较,SCI后1、3d,脊伤颗粒组评分偏低,(P＜0.05),SCI后7、14 d脊伤颗粒组评分偏高(P＜0.05).(2)在平均积分光密度值和细胞凋亡率方面,与假手术组比较,模型组数值偏高(P＜0.01);与模型组比较,甲强龙组、脊伤颗粒组平均数值低(P＜0.05);与甲强龙组比较,SCI后1、3d,脊伤颗粒组平均数值偏高(P＜0.05),SCI后7、14 d,脊伤颗粒组平均数值偏低(P＜0.05).结论 脊伤颗粒能部分恢复SCI后模型大鼠的运动功能并可明显抑制细胞Caspase-3表达和细胞凋亡.     

脊髓损伤对下丘脑c-Fos表达及神经细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨脊髓损伤后下丘脑神经细胞凋亡情况,确认脊髓损伤导致大脑损害的特点及其在相关并发症发生发展中的可能机制。方法 18 只SD 大鼠随机分为两组：假模组（Sham 组）和脊髓损伤组（SCI 组）,以改良的Allen’s 撞击法制作脊髓损伤动物模型,常规饲养,分别于8 周取大鼠下丘脑组织,应用免疫荧光染色法观察脊髓损伤大鼠下丘脑组织c-Fos 表达,TUNEL 法观察两组下丘脑神经细胞凋亡情况,应用ELISA 法检测两组大鼠下丘脑炎症因子（TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6）表达。结果 脊髓损伤后8 周,SCI 组较Sham 组下丘脑c-Fos 表达明显增加（P＜0.05）,同时下丘脑可见明显凋亡细胞,主要表现为胞浆减少,细胞核深染、固缩在一边;SCI 组TUNEL 阳性细胞数比Sham 组明显增多,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;SCI 组大鼠下丘脑包括TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6 等多种炎症因子水平较Sham 组明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 脊髓损伤可对下丘脑造成损害,表现为下丘脑神经细胞凋亡及炎症反应明显增加,其可能与c-Fos 表达有关,脊髓损伤后对下丘脑的损害可能是某些并发症发生发展的发病机制。     

星状神经节阻滞对脊髓损伤后中枢性疼痛大鼠疼痛行为的影响及机制

目的 探讨星状神经节阻滞(SGB)对脊髓损伤(SCI)后中枢性疼痛(CP)大鼠疼痛行为的影响及机制。方法 27只大鼠均分为假手术(Sham)组(仅切断T9-T11椎板并显露硬脊膜,但不损伤硬脊膜)、SCI组(行SCI)及SGB组(行SCI后予SGB),分别于术后第1天、第3天、第7天观察各组大鼠的行为学特征;分批处死各组大鼠取损伤段脊髓组织,采用后肢行为测试评分量表(BBB)评分和Hargreavest法检测各组大鼠后肢运动功能及热痛敏潜伏期(PWL),采用蛋白印迹技术和透射电镜检测各组大鼠术后第1天、第3天、第7天脊髓组织中微管相关蛋白轻链3(LC3)、家蚕隔离体蛋白1(p62)蛋白表达及自噬小体的表达。结果 与Sham组相比,SCI组大鼠BBB评分、PWL持续下降(P<0.001),LC3、p62蛋白表达升高(P<0.005),透射电镜下脊髓可见少量自噬小体;与SCI组相比,SGB组大鼠自我伤害相对减轻,BBB评分、PWL明显升高(P<0.001),LC3蛋白表达升高、p62蛋白表达降低(P<0.005),透射电镜下脊髓可见大量自噬小体。结论 SGB可缓解S...     

补阳还五汤对脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓组织 Caspase －3表达的影响

目的：观察补阳还五汤对脊髓损伤（SCI）后大鼠脊髓神经细胞凋亡相关蛋白 Caspase －3及 mRNA表达的影响,初步探讨补阳还五汤抑制脊髓神经细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法Wistar 大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组、SCI 模型组、补阳还五汤组和阳性药物对照（MP）组,每组10只。各组分别于建立 SCI 模型后1、7、14、21、28 d 观察大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况并进行 BBB 功能评分,观察大鼠 SCI 模型建立及恢复情况,并于第28天处死各组大鼠,采用 real －time PCR 法检测脊髓组织 Caspase －3 mRNA 的表达情况,Western blot 法检测脊髓组织 Caspase－3蛋白的表达情况。结果大鼠麻醉清醒后,SCI 模型组大鼠损伤平面以下完全瘫痪。 BBB 评分结果显示：术后第1～28天,与正常对照组比较,SCI 模型组 BBB 评分明显降低（P ＜0．05）;术后第7～28天,与 SCI 模型组比较,补阳还五汤组和 MP 组大鼠 BBB 评分明显增高（P ＜0．05）;补阳还五汤组和 MP 组大鼠 BBB 评分差异无统计学意义。 Real －time PCR 和 Western blot 结果显示：与正常对照组比较,SCI 模型组 Caspase －3蛋白及 mRNA 表达明显升高（P ＜0．05）;与 SCI 模型组比较,补阳还五汤组和 MP 组大鼠脊髓组织 Caspase －3蛋白及 mRNA 表达明显降低（P ＜0．05）。补阳还五汤组和 MP 组大鼠脊髓 Caspase －3蛋白及 mRNA 表达差异无统计学意义。结论补阳还五汤可改善 SCI 大鼠后肢运动功能,通过下调 Caspase －3的表达,从而抑制 SCI 大鼠脊髓神经细胞的凋亡,对脊髓神经细胞有保护作用。     

利拉鲁肽对匹罗卡品致痫大鼠海马各区神经元凋亡的影响

目的探讨利拉鲁肽对大鼠癫痫持续状态后海马各区神经元凋亡的影响。方法将雄性SD大鼠(n=54)随机分为空白对照组(n=6)、匹罗卡品模型组(SE组,n=24)、利拉鲁肽干预组(Liraglutide组,n=24);并根据发作终止后的时间点(12 h,1 d,3 d,7 d)将SE组和Liraglutide组各分为4个亚组(n=6)。采用免疫组化技术检测海马CA3和DG区BCL2和BAX蛋白的表达。结果与SE组相比,Liraglutide组在SE后12 h、1 d、3 d时CA3区BCL2表达水平升高(P0.05),而在SE后7 d时BCL2水平与SE组无差异(P0.05);在DG区,Liraglutide组在SE后1 d BCL2表达升高(P0.05),在SE后3 d时表达无差异(P0.05)。Liraglutide组相较SE组,在SE后12 h,DG区BAX表达开始明显降低(P0.01);在SE后1 d,CA3区BAX表达降低(P0.01);且在SE后3 d,Liraglutide组DG区和CA3区BAX表达都高于空白对照组(P0.05)。结论利拉鲁肽通过抑制癫痫持续状态后海马CA3区和DG区神经元凋亡发挥神经保护作用。     

褪黑素对大鼠慢性压迫脊髓损伤Caspase-3表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨褪黑素(MT)对大鼠慢性压迫脊髓损伤半胱-天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)表达和细胞凋亡的影响.方法:将70只大鼠建立慢性压迫损伤动物模型,随机分为MT治疗组(A 组)和含50 mL/L无水乙醇的生理盐水对照组(B 组),于损伤1,4,11,21,35,60和90 d取材,采用HE染色观察慢性压迫脊髓损伤脊髓组织病理变化,用免疫组化法染色检测Caspase-3表达阳性细胞,原位末端标记法(TUNEL法)标记凋亡细胞,并用改良的Tarlov评分法和斜板实验观察大鼠脊髓神经功能变化情况.结果:HE染色光镜下观察脊髓组织病理学改变A组明显轻于B组.A,B两组均发现Caspase-3表达及TUNEL标记阳性凋亡细胞,Caspase-3表达和神经细胞凋亡指数均B组＞A组(P＜0.05),与大鼠脊髓神经功能变化有平行的变化趋势.结论:MT能抑制大鼠慢性压迫脊髓损伤Caspase-3表达和神经细胞凋亡.     

维格列汀对大鼠脊髓损伤后神经细胞凋亡及运动功能恢复的影响

目的：探究维格列汀（Vilda）对大鼠脊髓损伤（SCI）后神经细胞凋亡及运动功能恢复的影响。方法：雌性SD大鼠随机分成3组（n=16）：Sham组、SCI组、SCI+Vilda组;采用血管夹压迫法建立大鼠SCI模型,成模后SCI+Vilda组按10 mg·kg-1·d-1的剂量灌胃给药,SCI组大鼠给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液;在术后第1、第3、第7、第14、第21、第28天进行后肢运动功能恢复情况评估（BBB评分）;术后第3天提取脊髓组织进行组织免疫荧光染色检测Cleaved Caspase 3,提取组织蛋白进行Western blot检测Bcl-2、Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3蛋白的表达情况;术后第7天提取脊髓组织进行尼氏染色检测存活神经元;术后第28天,对各组大鼠进行足印迹步态分析。结果：与Sham组比较,SCI组BBB评分显著降低,步态不一致,脊髓前角运动神经元数量减少,免疫荧光显示Cleaved Caspase 3表达增强,Western blot显示Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3表达上升,Bcl-2表达下降（P＜0.05）;与SCI组比较,SCI+Vilda组BBB评分明显提升,步态一致性更好,脊髓前角运动神经元数量增加,Cleaved Caspase 3荧光表达减弱,Bax、Cleaved Caspase 3表达下降,Bcl-2表达上升（P＜0.05）。结论：Vilda可抑制SCI大鼠脊髓神经细胞的凋亡,从而促进大鼠SCI后运动功能的恢复。     

黄芪注射液对大鼠急性脊髓损伤的神经保护作用及机制研究

  目的  基于细胞凋亡Fas和TRAIL死亡受体信号通路探讨黄芪注射液对大鼠急性脊髓损伤(SCI)的神经保护作用及机制。  方法  40只健康的雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,SCI模型组, 黄芪注射液低、中、高剂量(1、2、4 mL · kg-1)组, 每组8只。采用改良的重物打击法构建大鼠急性SCI模型; 按照BBB评分和Rivlin斜板实验评价大鼠运动功能; 苏木精-伊红(Hematoxylin-eosin, HE)染色检测脊髓组织病理变化; 尼氏染色法检测脊髓神经元细胞损伤程度; 高通量转录组测序分析差异表达基因; qPCR验证基因转录水平的表达量; 利用TUNEL试剂盒检测各组脊髓细胞凋亡情况; Western blot检测凋亡通路关键蛋白表达水平。  结果  BBB评分和斜板试验结果显示, 与假手术组比较, 模型组大鼠表现出明显的运动功能障碍; HE染色显示模型组脊髓组织病理病变严重; 模型组尼氏染色着色较浅, 神经元细胞损伤严重; 与假手术组比较, 模型组脊髓中4 597个基因差异表达, Fas、TRAIL、Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9和Bax蛋白表达显著上调(P < 0.01), Fas凋亡抑制分子FAIM和抗凋亡因子Bcl-2的蛋白表达量显著降低(P < 0.01)。与模型组比较, 黄芪注射液组的BBB评分、Rivlin斜板度数显著升高(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), 组织病变程度较小, 尼氏染色着色程度随剂量升高而变深, 黄芪注射液高剂量组脊髓神经细胞损伤和凋亡得到显著缓解(P < 0.01)。转录组测序和qPCR结果显示: 与模型组比较, 黄芪注射液中、高剂量组中参与细胞凋亡调控的FAIM和TRAIL mRNA差异表达(P < 0.01), 黄芪注射液高剂量组Fas、TRAIL、Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9和Bax蛋白表达被剂量依赖性地抑制(P < 0.05,P < 0.01), FAIM和Bcl-2的蛋白表达上调(P < 0.01)。  结论  黄芪注射液可能通过对死亡受体途径Fas和TRAIL蛋白的抑制, 进而调控神经元细胞的程序性凋亡, 发挥对SCI的神经保护作用, 改善脊髓组织损伤病变程度, 加速后期神经运动功能障碍的恢复。      

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.