Compliance in retinoblastoma

Objective  

To evaluate disease is advanced, compliance in retinoblastoma.     

Utility of telemedicine for children in India

Objective  

To show utility of telemedicine to children in Indian subcontinent.     

Application with repeated serum biomarkers in pediatric appendicitis in clinical surgery

Purpose  

To apply the repeated serum laboratory tests in diagnosing acute appendicitis in children with suspected appendicitis.     

A randomised cross‐over study showed no difference in diaphragm activity during weaning from respiratory support

Aim

We measured electrical activity of the diaphragm (Edi) to compare the breathing effort in preterm infants during weaning from respiratory support with high‐flow nasal cannulae (HFNC) or nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Methods

This randomised cross‐over study was carried out at St Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, from December 2013 to June 2015. We gave 21 preterm infants weighing at least 1000 g HFNC 6 L/minute for four hours and nCPAP 3 cmH₂O for four hours with a one‐hour wash‐out period. Measurements included diaphragmatic load, Edi, vital signs and a modified Silverman‐Andersen Retraction Score.

Results

We found no differences in HFNC and nCPAP in the median Edi peak (8.0 μV versus 7.8 μV, p = 0.095), median Edi min (1.1 μV versus 1.2 μV in, p = 0.958) or mean heart rate (157 versus 159, p = 0.300) in the 21 infants who took part. The mean respiratory rate was significantly lower during HFNC than nCPAP (47 versus 52, p = 0.012). The modified Silverman‐Andersen Retraction Score showed no significant differences.

Conclusion

This study of preterm infants found no difference in the breathing effort measured by Edi between HFNC 6 L/minute and nCPAP 3 cmH₂O. HFNC could replace nCPAP when preterm infants are ready for weaning.     

Profile of Typhoid Fever in Children from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai-South India

Aim  

To study the clinical profile and outcome of hospitalized children with typhoid fever.     

Clinical profile of mood disorders in children

Objective  

To described the clinical profile of pediatric mood disorders.     

Characteristics of radiographically diagnosed pneumonia in under-5 children in Salvador,Brazil

Objective  

To assess the association of demographic and clinical aspects with radiographically diagnosed pneumonia.     

Follicular bronchiolitis in a child

Background  

Follicular bronchiolitis (FB) is an uncommon but important pulmonary manifestation in children.     

Abnormal corpus callosum in neonates after hypoxic-ischemic injury

Background  

Literature regarding callosal injury after hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) is scant.     

Congenital inclusion tumours in spinal dysraphism

Objective  

To review the presentation, diagnosis and management of children with spinal dysraphism and CIT.     

Determinants of Health Related Quality of Life in School-Going Adolescents in Northern India

Objective  

To identify determinants of good Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in school going adolescents.     

SPECT/CT imaging in children with papillary thyroid carcinoma

Background  

SPECT/CT improves localization of single photon-emitting radiopharmaceuticals.     

Acoustic radiation force impulse-imaging in the assessment of liver fibrosis in children

Background  

Acoustic radiation force impulse-imaging (ARFI) uses sound waves to interrogate the mechanical stiffness of a tissue.     

Respiratory syncitial virus in children with acute respiratory infections

Objective  

To study the nutritional status of children with Respiratory Syncitial virus infection.     

IgM Nephropathy in India: A Single Centre Experience

Objective  

To find out the incidence and natural history of IgMN in India.     

Epidemiology of Childhood Injuries in Rural Puducherry,South India

Objective  

To study the epidemiology of injuries among children (<14 years) in a rural population.     

B‐type natriuretic peptide for assessment of haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants

Aim

Haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is frequently observed in premature infants. This study was conducted to explore whether the blood BNP can be a valuable biomarker to assess the necessity of treatment for hsPDA in premature infants.

Methods

Serial measurements of the blood BNP were performed during the first 5 days of life in premature infants with hsPDA (Group I) and those without hsPDA (Group N). The definition of the hsPDA was the PDA requiring treatment, such as indomethacin administration and/or surgical ligation.

Results

Forty‐six subjects were enrolled. Compared with Group N, Group I showed significantly higher level of blood BNP at postnatal 24–96 h and demonstrated the peak value at postnatal 24–48 h. With the ROC curve using the data at postnatal 24–48 h in Group I, we deduced the predictive value of 250 pg/mL of blood BNP for indomethacin treatment. Similarly, with the ROC curve using the maximal value of blood BNP within the first 5 days of life, the predictive value of 2000 pg/mL for surgical ligation was deduced.

Conclusions

Blood BNP during early postnatal period can be a useful biomarker to assess the necessity of treatment for hsPDA in premature infants.     

Diagnostic errors in pediatric radiology

Background  

Little information is known about the frequency, types and causes of diagnostic errors in imaging children.     

Fluid Supplementation in Hyperbilirubinemia

Objective  

To analyze the factors responsible for failure of fluid supplementation in full-term neonates with severe non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.     

Evaluation of cardiac iron load by cardiac magnetic resonance in thalassemia

Objective  

To quantify myocardial iron stores by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR).