肝硬化患者HBV血清标志物、HBV-DNA与前S1抗原的关系分析

目的了解肝硬化患者血清中乙肝病毒（HBV）的感染状况,探讨HBV血清标志物（HBV-M）、HBV-DNA与前S1抗原三者之间的内在关系,为临床抗病毒治疗肝硬化提供依据。方法对451例肝硬化患者血清进行HBV-M、HBV-DNA、前S1抗原测定并分析。结果 451例肝硬化患者中,HBV感染率85.4%（385/451）,HBsAg阳性率71.4%（322/451）;在HBsAg阳性者,感染模式以HBeAg阴性多见,占75.5%（243/322）;HBV-DNA和前S1抗原的阳性率分别为82.3%（265/322）、63.4%（204/322）;在HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc 3项阳性模式中,HBV-DNA、前S1抗原阳性率最高,分别为98.7%,78.4%。HBV-DNA的阳性率高于前S1抗原（χ2=29.20,P〈0.05）。结论肝硬化的发生与HBV的感染密切相关,以HBeAg阴性多见;检测肝硬化患者血清中HBV-DNA、前S1抗原可反映患者体内HBV的复制与活动性程度,弥补HBV-M在肝硬化检测中的不足。     

拉米呋啶治疗慢性乙肝实验指标动态观察

目的:通过乙肝病毒(HBV)核酸定量、HBV血清学标志物(HBV-M)、ALT、AST指标的监测,观察慢性乙型肝炎患者服用拉米呋啶的疗效.方法:选择986例慢性乙型肝炎患者,治疗组786例,服用拉米呋啶治疗药物(100 mg/d),对照组200例,未服用治疗药物,两组定期采血作HBV-DNA定量、HBV-M、肝功能检测.结果:治疗1年后治疗组391例HBV-DNA阴转(＜104 cps/ml)(49.7%),对照组8例阴转(4%);治疗组786例ALT、AST异常者703例恢复正常(89.4%),对照组200例18例恢复正常(9.0%);治疗组HBeAg/Anti-HBe转换84例(19.2%),HBeAg阴转62例(14.2%).对照组5例HBeAg/Anti-HBe转换(4.2%).结论:拉米呋啶能有效抑制HBV的复制,降低ALT和AST,促进HBeAg / Anti-HBe 转换及HBeAg阴转.     

定量聚合酶链反应检测HBV感染患者血清HBV DNA的临床意义

采用信号引物能量转换定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测104例不同HBV感染患者血清HBV DNA含量。结果：不同HBV感染患者HBV含量范围在10^4.49-10^9.93拷贝／ml，其中急性乙肝含量显著低于慢性乙肝、乙肝后肝硬变和原发性肝癌患者的含量（P＜0.05和P＜0.01)；HBeAg( )患者的含量显著高于HBeAg(-)／抗－HBe( )患者的含量（P＜0.001)；相关分析显示：血清HBV DNA含量与血清ALT水平无明显相关。结论：HBV感染的慢性化可能与血清HBV DNA含量高有关，肝损伤与血清HBV DNA含量无明显关系；e系统血清传换后，HBV并未停止复制，只是复制水平降低，应用定量PCR检测血清HBV DNA含量有助于HBV感染患者预后的判断和重新评价HBV感染的自然史及HBVM的临床意义。     

PreS1Ag、HBeAg和HBV-DNA的对比检测与分析

目的:通过对比检测和分析739份血清中preS1蛋白、HBeAg和HBV-DNA的检测阳性率,为临床正确选用实验室指标防治乙型肝炎提供依据。方法:应用ELISA法对739份血清进行PreS1Ag和HBV血清标志物检测,并与实时荧光定量PCR检测HBV-DNA结果进行比较。结果:所有739份血清中,PreS1Ag阳性率为34.6%(256/739),HBeAg阳性率为30.7%(227/739),HBV-DNA阳性率为58.9%(435/739)。227份HBeAg阳性血清中,PreS1Ag阳性率55.9%(127/227),HBV-DNA阳性率96.0%(218/227);512份HBeAg阴性血清中,PreS1Ag阳性率25.2%(129/512),HBV-DNA阳性率为42.4%(217/512)。HBeAg、HBV-DNA和PreS1的阳性率有显著差异(P<0.05),阳性率高低依次为HBV-DNA>PreS1>HBeAg;HBeAg阳性血清中PreS1Ag(55.9%)阳性率显著高于HBeAg阴性血清PreS1Ag(25.2%)阳性率(χ2=36.5,P<0.01);HBV-DNA阳性血清的PreS1Ag检出率58.9%(256/435)显著高于HBV-DNA阴性血清的PreS1Ag检出率18.4%(56/304)(P<0.01);PreS1抗原与HBV-DNA阳性符合率为(200/256)78.1%,阴性符合率为(248/483)51.3%。598份HBsAg阳性血清(阳性率为80.9%,598/739)中HBeAg、PreS1和HBV-DNA阳性数(率)分别是224(37.5%)、253(42.3%)、417(69.7%)。结论:PreS1Ag、HBV-DNA、HBeAg的阳性率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。作为HBV感染和复制的指标,以检测HBV-DNA最为可靠,而PreS1Ag可能较HBeAg更敏感。在HBV感染的不同时期,如何理解和使用上述指标对防治乙型肝炎有重要意义。     

病毒性乙型肝炎与PHSAR相关性探讨

采用ELISA法对1344例临床血清标本进行乙肝病毒(HBV)标志物和多聚人血清白蛋白受体(PHSAR)检测,在HBV标志物阳性者314例中,PHSAR阳性107例占34.1％,在HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBc三者同时阳性的81例中,PHSAR阳性54例占66.67％;在HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc同时阳性的125例中,PHSAR阳性15例占12.0％;在HBsAg、抗-HBc阳性的67例中,PHSAR阳性25例占37.3％;而在HBsAg阴性1030例标本中PHSAR均为阴性,提示PHSAR可作为HBV感染急性期及病毒复制的标志之一,其存在表明HBV在体内复制活跃,传染性较强。     

HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎肝组织病理与血清标志物的相关性分析

目的了解HBeAg阴性慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者肝组织病理和临床血清学指标的关系。方法对187例HBeAg阴性CHB患者进行肝组织病理炎症活动度分级和纤维化分期与同期血清HBV DNA水平、血生化指标进行相关性分析。结果 187例HBeAg阴性CHB患者肝组织病理炎症活动度分级与血清HBV DNA水平相关(χ2=30.26,P<0.01);肝组织纤维化程度分期与血清HBV DNA水平无明显相关性(χ2=10.94,P>0.05)。血清TBIL、ALT、AST、GGT水平与肝组织炎症活动度呈正相关,ALB、PTA与之呈负相关。结论 HBeAg阴性CHB患者病毒复制活跃和血清TBIL、ALT、AST、GGT能反映肝组织炎症活动。     

喀什地区维吾尔族乙肝患者乙肝两对半与乙肝病毒DNA载量的相关性调查

目的:探讨维吾尔族乙型肝炎感染者乙肝两对半不同表型与HBV-DNA载量的相关性。方法:选取维吾尔族HBsAg阳性的患者,同时留取两份血清,一份采用ELISA方法检测乙肝两对半;另一份血清运用荧光定量PCR的方法检测HBV-DNA,并进行比对。结果:(1)I型中,HBV-DNA阳性率为98.5%,约83%的血清HBV-DNA≥105IU/ml,;Ⅱ型中,HBV-DNA阳性率为69.73%;约24%HBV-DNA≥105IU/ml,Ⅲ型中,HBV-DNA≥103IU/ml阳性率为51.85%;但约76%HBV-DNA≤105IU/ml;3组间的HBV病毒阳性率相比较,差异具有统计学意义(X2=289.246,P<0.01)。(2)维吾尔族乙肝患者三种模式的HBV-DNA阳性率与南方地区乙肝患者实验数据三种模式的HBV-DNA阳性率分别进行比较Ⅰ型与Ⅲ型无统计学意义(X2=1.2806,P>0.05;X2=0.351,P>0.05)Ⅱ型具有统计学意义(X2=9.272,P<0.01)结论:血清HBeAg阳性组HBV-DNA含量明显高于抗-HBe或抗-HBc阳性组,而后两组检出率仍很高。在HBV的诊断治疗过程中应该把两种方法结合起来,才能提高诊治率,有利于合理选择治疗方案,判断药物疗效。     

25例少见模式的乙肝血清学标志物分析

目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）血清学标志物的少见模式。方法：应用酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测25000例受检者血清标本中HBsAg、抗-HBs、HBeAg、抗-HBc、抗-HBcIgM。结果：发现HBV血清学标志物少见模式25例。结论：对乙肝两对半中少见模式要认真对待,仔细分析,减少误差。     

乙型肝炎患者不同血清标志物HBV DNA的表达及意义

 目的探讨血清HBV DNA水平与HBV标志物(HBVM)表现模式的相关性.方法血清HBV DNA定量检测采用PCR ELISA法,HBVM采用ELISA法.结果在HBVM阳性的366例血清中,有199例HBV DNA阳性,占54.4%.血清HB-/ml占65.2%;HBsAg、抗-HBe、抗-HBc阳性者HBV DNA-HBc阳性者HBV DNA阳性率占95.2%,≥106 copiessAg、HBeAg、抗阳性率占29.1%,≥106 copies/ml占17.6%.结论血清HBVM阳性患者中约55.0%的血清HBV DNA阳性,且HBeAg阳性患者中HBV DNA含量及阳性率均明显高于抗-HBe阳性者;在抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性或HBsAg阴性者血清内也有HBV DNA阳性者.     

乙肝"小三阳"患者Pre-S1抗原与丙氨酸基转移酶的关系

目的:研究慢性乙型肝炎病毒“小三阳”(HBsAg、抗-Hbe、抗-HBc阳性)患者Pre-S1抗原与血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的关系。方法:收集198例“小三阳”患者(其中99例“小三阳”Pre-S1抗原阳性,99例Pre-S1抗原阴性)血清,使用美国Beckman公司LX20型全自动化分析仪检测ALT含量。结果:99例Pre-S1抗原阳性者中,有12例ALT>50 U/L(异常),99例Pre-S1抗原阴性者中,有10例ALT>50 U/L异常(χ2=0.379,P>0.05)。结论:慢性乙肝患者中,Pre-S1抗原与血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)是否异常无必然联系。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.