月见草花浸液对鼠肠道平滑肌收缩活动的影响

目的 :观察月见草花浸泡液对豚鼠离体回肠及小白鼠在体小肠收缩活动的影响。方法 :应用离体豚鼠回肠实验法及小白鼠小肠推进运动实验法观察不同剂量的月见草花浸泡液对鼠肠道平滑肌的作用。结果 :应用不同剂量 ( 1 7mg/ml,3 3mg/ml,5 0mg/ml)月见草花浸泡液后 ,豚鼠离体回肠收缩幅度持续升高 ,与未用药前相比较有极显著性差异 ( P <0 0 0 1 ) ;小白鼠在体小肠的收缩活动随着浓度的增加也有显著性加强作用 ,与生理盐水组相比较 ,灌服 1 0 %和 2 0 %月见草花浸泡液后均有极显著性差异 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :月见草花浸泡液对鼠离体及在体肠道平滑肌收缩活动均有明显加强作用 ,并显示出一定的量效关系     

滨蒿内酯对离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌作用的研究

目的 :研究滨蒿内酯 (scoparone ,Scop)对离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌张力的影响。方法 :通过测定离体血管环张力变化 ,观察Scop对主动脉平滑肌的舒张作用及与苯肾上腺素 (PE)、普萘洛尔 (Prop)和氯化钾 (KCl)之间的相互作用。结果 :Scop舒张离体主动脉平滑肌 ,并且对内皮完整 (EC +)标本的舒张作用明显大于去内皮 (EC - )标本 ,半抑制浓度 (IC50 )分别为 (10 0± 0 4 ) μmol/L(CE +)与 (83 2± 0 8) μmol/L(EC - ) (P <0 0 1) ;Scop使PE量效曲线下移 ,呈非竞争性抑制 ,亲和力指数 (PD2 )分别为 4 93± 0 0 5 (EC +)与 2 94± 0 14 (EC - ) ;Prop(1μmol/L)对Scop舒张血管平滑肌作用无影响 ;Scop不能抑制Prop所致血管平滑肌收缩 ;Scop对血管平滑肌的依内钙及依外钙性收缩均有明显抑制作用。结论 :Scop可舒张离体大鼠主动脉平滑肌 ,此作用与内皮细胞的功能有一定关系。Scop抑制血管平滑肌依内钙与依外钙性收缩可能是Scop舒张血管平滑肌的主要机制     

吗啡、舒芬太尼和地佐辛对大鼠肠道平滑肌收缩和运动功能的影响

目的 观察吗啡、舒芬太尼和地佐辛三种阿片类药物对大鼠肠道平滑肌收缩和运动功能的影响.方法 制备大鼠离体小肠,分别加入不同浓度吗啡(5、10、30 mg/kg)、舒芬太尼(20、40、120 μg/L)和地佐辛(1.7、3.4和10.2 mg/L),记录小肠平滑肌的肌张力和收缩频率,观察加药后药物对肠肌运动的影响.将32只SD大鼠随机分为对照组(1 mL生理盐水)、吗啡组(1.04 mg/kg)、舒芬太尼组(2.08 mg/kg)和地佐辛组(1.04 mg/kg),测定大鼠腹腔注射三种药物后小肠推进运动的变化.结果 10、30 mg/L吗啡和40、120 μg/L舒芬太尼作用于离体肠肌后,大鼠小肠的平滑肌肌张力均明显升高(P＜0.05);但5 mg/L吗啡和20 μg/L舒芬太尼以及1.7、3.4和10.2 mg/L的地佐辛对大鼠小肠的平滑肌肌张力均无明显作用(P＞0.05).不同浓度吗啡、舒芬太尼和地佐辛对大鼠小肠的平滑肌收缩频率均不产生明显作用(P＞0.05).与对照组比较,吗啡、舒芬太尼和地佐辛腹腔注射后小肠推进率显著减慢(P＜0.05);但三种药物组间小肠推进率比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 吗啡、舒芬太尼和地佐辛对大鼠肠道运动均有抑制作用.     

滨蒿内酯对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌作用的研究

目的 :研究滨蒿内酯 (Scoparone,Sco)对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌张力的影响。方法 :制备豚鼠离体气管环标本 ,通过测定其张力变化 ,观察 Sco对离体气管平滑肌的舒张作用及与组胺 (His)、乙酰胆碱 (Ach)、普萘洛尔(Pro)之间的相互作用。结果 :Sco可剂量依赖性地舒张气管平滑肌 ,PD2 值为 5 .2 2± 0 .13;Sco使 His收缩气管平滑肌的量效曲线下移 ,显示非竞争性抑制作用 ,PD2 '值为 4.5 4± 0 .41;Sco(5μmol/L ,10μm ol/L )对 Ach收缩气管平滑肌的量效曲线无明显影响 ;Pro(0 .1μm ol/L ,1μmol/L )对 Sco舒张气管平滑肌的量效曲线无明显影响 ;Sco对His诱发的气管平滑肌依内钙性收缩有显著的抑制作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,对 His诱发的依外钙性收缩无抑制作用。结论 :Sco可直接舒张豚鼠离体气管平滑肌 ,此效应的发生可能与 M3或β2 受体无关 ,但 Sco与 H1 受体存在着非竞争性抑制关系 ;Sco可显著抑制 His诱发的豚鼠气管平滑肌依内钙性收缩 ,为 Sco抑制 His收缩效应的主要机制。     

复方丹参丸对家兔离体小肠平滑肌活动的影响

目的:观察复方丹参丸对家兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响.方法:采用常规小肠平滑肌标本离体灌流的实验方法,观察复方丹参丸对小肠平滑肌自发收缩活动的影响及其变化规律.结果:复方丹参丸可使十二指肠、空肠和回肠平滑肌的张力与收缩波平均振幅降低,与对照组比较降低;复方丹参丸对家兔的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的收缩频率影响不明显,与对照组比较差异无显著性.结论:复方丹参丸对十二指肠、空肠和回肠平滑肌收缩活动具有抑制作用.     

银杏叶提取物对豚鼠离体小肠平滑肌活动的影响

观察银杏叶提取物对离体豚鼠回肠运动功能的影响。方法：制作豚鼠回肠离体肠体标本,记录用药前后肠段的平滑肌纵肌收缩强度和静息张力,换算为变化百为率进行比较,ｔ检验处理。结果：较低浓度的ＥＧｂ可明显抑制小肠平滑肌的自发收缩活动,并显著减弱乙酰胆碱和组胺对小肠平滑肌活动的增强效应。     

儿茶素对家兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩功能和机制的实验研究

目的研究不同浓度的表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)溶液对家兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩活动的影响及机制。方法将家兔离体小肠平滑肌恒温灌流,观察不同浓度表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对其收缩频率和幅度的影响,并观察先加普奈洛尔再加1.25×10-4mg/L EGCG溶液的家兔小肠平滑肌条的收缩状况,分析阻断β受体后EGCG对平滑肌的作用。结果 EGCG能增强家兔离体小肠平滑肌的收缩频率和收缩幅度。EGCG在普萘洛尔条件下对家兔离体小肠平滑肌的收缩作用不显著(P0.05),说明EGCG对家兔离体小肠平滑肌收缩作用可能由β受体介导。结论 EGCG能增强小肠平滑肌的收缩作用,其机制可能与β受体有关。     

HCl和NaOH对大鼠小肠平滑肌活动的影响

目的:观察HCl和NaOH对大鼠小肠平滑肌活动的影响.方法:采用常规小肠平滑肌标本离体灌流的实验方法,观察不同剂量HCl和NaOH对小肠平滑肌自发收缩活动的影响及其变化规律.结果:HCl对十二指肠和空肠平滑肌自发收缩活动有增强效应,其收缩幅度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,对回肠上段平滑肌的自发收缩活动影响不明显,而对回肠下段平滑肌自发收缩活动有抑制效应,其收缩幅度与对照组比较差异有统计学意义.较大剂量的NaOH对各段小肠平滑肌自发收缩活动均有抑制效应,其幅度变化与对照组比较差异有统计学意义.结论:HCl对大鼠十二指肠和空肠平滑肌自发收缩活动有增强作用,NaOH则有减弱作用.     

异丙酚对乙酰胆碱所致豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩作用的影响

目的:研究异丙酚对乙酰胆碱(Ach)所致豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩的作用及作用机制.方法:采用离体气管环模型,以营养液中加入β2受体阻滞剂和营养液中无Ca2 的方法,通过力-位移换能器记录其张力变化,观察异丙酚对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌β2受体和细胞内Ca2 浓度变化的影响.结果:(1)100,300μmol/L异丙酚的舒张作用分别为(81.4±7.6)%和(33.6±6.6)%,与对照组比较,差异十分显著(P＜0.01);(2)100,300μmol/L异丙酚使Ach所致气管平滑肌收缩的量效曲线右移,但最大收缩无明显变化.10 μmol/L普萘洛尔不影响100μmol/L异丙酚抑制乙酰胆碱收缩气管平滑肌量效曲线的作用.(3)100,300μmol/L异丙酚可剂量依赖地显著抑制Ach所致气管平滑肌依内钙性收缩、依外钙性收缩和总收缩,与对照组比较差异十分显著(P＜0.01).结论:异丙酚能抑制乙酰胆碱对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的收缩作用,且有剂量相关性.异丙酚抑制离体豚鼠气管平滑肌收缩的机制可能为抑制细胞内Ca2 释放和跨膜细胞外Ca2 内流,与β2受体无关.     

维库溴铵、阿曲库铵对兔离体气管平滑肌收缩力的影响

目的 :探讨维库溴铵、阿曲库铵对气管平滑肌的直接影响。方法 :用电刺激兔离体气管平滑肌张力的直接影响。结果 :发现略高于临床浓度的维库溴铵 (3× 10 - 6 mol/ L)和阿曲库铵 (10 - 5 m ol/ L)对气管平滑肌张力无显著影响 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;更高浓度的维库溴铵 (3× 10 - 4 mol/ L )可使气管平滑肌收缩力持续增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;而高浓度的阿曲库铵 (10 - 3mol/ L )可使气管平滑肌收缩力先一过性增加 ,随后降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1)。结论 :在离体条件下 ,临床剂量范围内维库溴铵、阿曲库铵不增加气管平滑肌张力 ,但应避免大剂量快速使用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.