SIGNIFICANCE OF CEA AND CA242 IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA

ＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＣＥＡＡＮＤＣＡ２４２ＩＮＴＨＥＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＯＦＣＯＬＯＲＥＣＴＡＬＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＷｕＪｉａｎｘｉｏｎｇ吴健雄，ＹｕＨｏｎｇｔｉａｏ余宏迢，ＳｈａｏＹｏｎｇｆｕ邵永孚，ＨａｎＸｉａｏｈｏｎｇ韩晓红，ＺｈａｎｇＹｕ...     

CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SMALL OVARIAN TUMOR IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Objective： To investigate the clinical symptom, ultrasonographic scan finding, serum CA125 value, histopathological type and treatment of small ovarian tumor （〈5 cm） in postmenopausal women. Methods： Retrospective analysis was carried out for 52 clinical materials of ovarian tumor cases in women more than one year after menopausal between Jan 1997 and Dec 2004. The largest diameter of the ovarian mass is less than 5 cm. Results： There were 11 ovarian cancers and 1 borderline ovarian tumor among 52 small ovarian tumors （23.1%）. 10 ovarian cancers were epithelial neoplasms and 2 were sex cord-stromal tumors, and 8 cases were in late stage according to FIGO staging system （33.3%）. Compared with benign tumor, there is no significant difference in the onset age, interval after menopausal and duration of history. The main clinical feature is abdominal symptoms, such as abdominal pain and distension in the malignant cases. The patients with benign tumors often showed the ovarian mass during the annual screening or admitted into hospital for other causes. The ultrasonography finding and serum CA125 level showed much difference between benign and malignant cases. Unilocular smooth-walled ovarian cysts mostly were found in benign tumor and the CA125 values were always less than 35 U/ml; but the solid or complex sonographic structures （multilocular, or with a papillary projections on the wall） often indicated a high risk of cancer, especially there was ascites in the pelvic cavity. Serum CA125 level in many cancer cases was elevated （〉35 U/ml）, over 300 U/ml in more than half of the patients. Surgery is still the first choice to treat ovarian cancer, and chemotherapy would be an auxiliary method. Till now, 3 ovarian cancer patients died of complications of cancer and 2 cases had recurrence. Conclusion： Small ovarian tumor in postmenopausal women has a comparatively low malignant occurrence but more in later stage. Many are epithelial carcinoma. If there is complex or parenchymal sonographic structure accompanied with a high serum CA125 level, operation should be considered, while it can be followed up when the ultrasound shows a smooth cyst with normal CA125 value.     

THE APPLICATION OF IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY IN THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF EXTRANODAL LYMPHOMA AND ANAPLASTIC CARCINOMA

Thirty-six cases originally diagnosed histologically as malignant lymphoma (ML) or anaplastic carcinoma were reexamined immunohistochemically by leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). 5/18 cases originally diagnosed as " anaplastic carcinoma' and "anaplastic carcinoma? (ML to be excluded)" , showed positive staining for LCA and negative for EMA; whereas 3 cases originally diagnosed as malignancy unclassified turned out to be ML, with the relevant assay performed.     

EXPRESSION OF c-erbB-2 AND PCNA IN CERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA AND ITS SIGNIFICATION

ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＯＦｃｅｒｂＢ２ＡＮＤＰＣＮＡＩＮＣＥＲＶＩＣＡＬＡＤＥＮＯＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＡＮＤＩＴＳＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＨｕａｎｇＹｏｎｇ黄勇ＣａｉＳｈｕｍｏ蔡树模ＹｕＳｈａｏｙｉｎ俞绍音ＳｈｉＤａｒｅｎ施达仁ＣａｎｃｅｒＨｏｓｐ...     

THE EXPRESSION OF CATHEPSIN－D，C－erbB－2 AND EGFR IN BREAST CANCER AND ITS CORRELATION TO LYMPHATIC ME

ＴＨＥＥＸＰＲＥＳＳＩＯＮＯＦＣＡＴＨＥＰＳＩＮ－Ｄ，Ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２ＡＮＤＥＧＦＲＩＮ　ＢＲＥＡＳＴＣＡＮＣＥＲＡＮＤＩＴＳＣＯＲＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＴＯＬＹＭＰＨＡＴＩＣＭＥＴＡＳＴＡＳＩＳＸｕＬｉａｎｇｚｈｏｎｇ许良中；ＺｈｕＷｅｉｐｉｎｇ朱伟萍；...     

THE APPLICATION OF SEROTONIN AND 5-HVDROXYINDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF APUDOMA

In our report, the values of whole blood serotonin (5-HT) in 87 apudoma patients (diagnosed by operation and pathology) were summarized. Among them, the levels of urinary 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) of 44 patients were also tested. The results showed that both parametres of apudoma patients were higher than those of non-apudoma, post-operative patients of apudoma as well as the normal. The increasing extent of the levels of whole blood 5-HT and urinary 5-HIAA in small intestinal carcihoid was the most obvious one but that of rectum was not. The referable diagnostic values suggested were: 5-HT>130 ng ml, 5-HIAA>30 mg/ 24 hours.     

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLE PRIMARY CARCINOMAS

ＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＡＮＤＴＲＥＡＴＭＥＮＴＯＦＭＵＬＴＩＰＬＥＰＲＩＭＡＲＹＣＡＲＣＩＮＯＭＡＳＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕａｎｇｍｉｎ张双民ＭａＳｏｎｇｚｈａｎｇ马颂章ＹａｎｇＤａｌａｉ杨大来ＣｈｅｎＳｈｕｇｕａｎｇ陈曙光ＹａｎｇＣｈｕｎｍｉｎｇ杨春明Ｓｏｎ...     

EXPRESSION OF PHOSPHO-b-CATENIN AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

b-catenin is a 92kDa soluble protein and arecognized component of a cell-cell adhesion regulator when coupled with cadherin[1] and is also considered to play an important role as a member in the Wingless/Wnt signal transduction pathway[2]. Combined type b-catenin combines with plasma zone of E-cad and mediatehomotypic cell-cell adhesion; free cytoplasmic typeb-catenin, Wnt protein, GSK-3b, APC and Axin etc.form Wnt signal transduction pathway. Cytoplasmic type b-catenin forms multiprotein …     

复发性肝癌的早期诊断及治疗策略

原发性肝癌是常见的恶性肿瘤之一,肝癌切除术仍是最主要的治疗手段.早期肝癌复发多无明显临床症状和体症,且病灶较小时更不容易发现.肝癌复发后早期诊断和治疗,可明显改善病人的总生存期及生存质量.     

CT引导下射频消融术治疗肝癌患者的远期疗效及对AFP、CEA水平的影响

目的 研究CT引导下射频消融术治疗原发性肝癌患者的远期疗效及其对患者甲胎蛋白(AFP)和癌胚抗原(CEA)水平的影响.方法 选取2016年5月至2018年10月成都医学院第二附属医院收治的100例原发性肝癌患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组50例,对照组采用传统肝动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗,试验组采用CT引导下射频消融术治...     

RESULTS OF HEPATECTOMY FOR HUGE PRIMARY LIVER CANCER

ＲＥＳＵＬＴＳＯＦＨＥＰＡＴＥＣＴＯＭＹＦＯＲＨＵＧＥＰＲＩＭＡＲＹＬＩＶＥＲＣＡＮＣＥＲＬｉＧｕｏｈｕｉ；李国辉；ＬｉＪｉｎｑｉｎｇ；李锦清；ＺｈａｎｇＹａｑｉ；张亚奇；ＣｕｉＳｈｕｚｈｏｎｇ；崔书钟；ＹｕａｎＹｕｎｆｅｉ；元云飞（ＴｕｍｏｒＨｏｓ...     

肝X受体与肝癌研究进展

原发性肝癌是我国最常见消化系统肿瘤之一,肝癌侵袭性强且复发率高,总体疗效往往不满意.肝X受体(liver X receptors,LXRs)是核受体超家族成员之一,最初发现其参与可调节胆固醇代谢及免疫应答.目前,细胞及分子生物学研究不断深入并取得新的进展,LXR在肝脏疾病尤其是肝癌的发生发展中作用明显,提示LXR是肝癌...     

肝癌组织端粒酶活性表达及DNA含量的研究

目的研究肝癌组织、癌旁组织端粒酶活性的表达及DNA含量的变化.方法取肝癌手术标本30例,每例均取癌组织、癌旁肝组织及外侧切缘肝组织.采用PCR-ELISA法检测其端粒酶的活性;流式细胞仪技术检测细胞DNA含量,DNA倍体及细胞分期.结果肝癌组织端粒酶阳性率为76.7%(23/30),癌旁组织端粒酶阳性率为16.7%(5/30),外侧切缘肝组织无阳性(0/30),肝癌组织与癌旁组织及外侧切缘肝组织端粒酶的表达有显著差异(P《0.01).癌旁组织与外侧切缘肝组织端粒酶的表达也有显著差异(P《0.05).肝癌组织与外侧切缘肝组织DNA异倍体表达率有显著差异(P《0.05).端粒酶阳性及阴性组间DNA异倍体率、DNA指数(DI)、S期细胞比率(SPF),细胞增殖指数(PI)未见明显变化.结论端粒酶与肿瘤的恶性行为存在一定的密切关系,其作为肝癌诊断的分子标志具有一定的价值.同时检测DNA倍体类型可进一步提高其临床参考价值.     

The expression of ETAR in liver cirrhosis and liver cancer

Background: To investigate the expression of endothelin receptors in liver diseases and discuss its role in the process of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.

Research design and methods: We examined the expressions of ETAR, ETBR and α-SMA in tissue samples using western blotting analysis. Furthermore, immunofluorescence was used to locate ETAR expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSECs), we calculated the percentage of positive cells and then analyzed its relation with clinical indexes.

Results: According to the western blotting analysis, the expression of ETAR was high in hepatic hemangioma and liver cancer tissues and ETBR was highly expressed in cirrhosis tissues. The immunofluorescence results demonstrated that the expression of ETAR was elevated in hepatic hemangioma and liver cancer tissues. Moreover, ETAR expression was found in both HSCs and HSECs. Finally, the statistical analysis revealed that the number of positive ETAR cells was correlated with the clinical index platelets (PLT), alanine transaminase (ALT) and diameter of portal vein.

Conclusion: Endothelin receptors express differently in liver cirrhosis and liver cancer tissues and play a role in hepatic diseases by affecting HSCs and HSECs.     

Clinical observation of liver cancer patients treated with axitinib and cabozantinib after failed sorafenib treatment: a case report and literature review

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major pathological type of primary liver cancer. Sorafenib has demonstrated definite efficacy in targeted therapy for HCC. However, when treatment with sorafenib fails, suitable drugs must be found for further treatment. This article reports a case of an HCC patient who was treated with angiogenesis inhibitor axitinib and c-Met inhibitor cabozantinib following treatment with sorafenib. The report focuses on clinical treatment and toxicity. Rational application of targeted therapy is also explored.     

肝癌肝移植术后复发转移的影像诊断

目的 探索肝癌肝移植术后复发转移的影像学诊断方法 .方法 对18例接受肝脏移植的肝癌患者,术后定期行肝脏B超及CT、胸部X-Ray、全身骨扫描(ECT)检查,同时定期监测AFP定量变化情况,并对上述各种影像学检查方法 对复发转移的诊断价值作出评价.结果 12例患者术后出现肝内复发和(或)肝外转移,其中肝内复发7例,肺转移5例,骨转移3例,脑、肾转移各1例.全部复发转移病灶均被B超、CT、X-Ray或ECT及时诊断.结论 B超、CT、X-Ray、ECT检查手段并结合病史资料及AFP定量分析,可以对肝癌肝移植术后复发转移作出及时诊断.     

血清CEA、SF、AFP联合检测对肝转移癌的诊断价值

目的　探讨肝转移癌患者血清中CEA、SF、AFP检测及临床意义。方法　检测 134例肝转移癌和183例原发性肝癌血清的CEA、SF、AFP。结果　原发性肝癌的CEA、SF和AFP阳性率分别为 2 0 2 2 % ,81 4 2 %和 6 1 75 % ,肝转移癌的CEA、SF和AFP阳性率分别为 87 31% (P <0 0 1) ,72 39% (P >0 0 5 )和5 2 2 % (P <0 0 1)。肝转移癌化疗前后的血清CEA有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　检测CEA对肝转移的诊断、治疗及预后有明显的指导意义。     

Expression of high affinity folate receptor in breast cancer brain metastasis

High affinity folate receptor (HFR) can be overexpressed in breast cancer and is associated with poor prognosis, however the expression in breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate of HFR expression in BCBM and its role in the prognosis of this high-risk cohort. We analyzed 19 brain metastasis (BM) and 13 primary tumors (PT) from a total of 25 patients. HFR status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Median follow-up was 4.2 years (range 0.6-18.5). HFR was positive in 4/19 BM (21.1%) and in 1/13 PT (7.7%). Positive samples had low H-scores (range 1-50). 56% of patients had apocrine differentiation. OS was similar between patients with positive HFR (median OS 48 months) and negative HFR (median OS 69 months) (P = 0.25); and between patients with apocrine differentiation (median OS 63 months) and those without apocrine differentiation (median OS 69 months) (P = 0.49). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of HFR expression in BCBM. While previous studies associated the presence of HFR with worse prognosis; in our cohort HFR was positive in only 21.1% of BM with low levels of positivity. Neither HFR nor apocrine features had impact in OS.