载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠动脉粥样硬化早期血管外膜血管细胞黏附分子1和细胞间黏附分子1的表达

目的探讨血管外膜血管细胞黏附分子1和细胞间黏附分子1在动脉粥样硬化病灶形成及发展中的作用。方法 6周龄载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠和野生型C57BL/6小鼠,高脂饮食喂养2、4和8周,选取升主动脉制备连续切片,部分切片行Movat染色,观察组织形态学变化并测量外膜厚度的变化;部分切片用免疫组织化学法观察不同阶段血管外膜及内膜血管细胞黏附分子1和细胞间黏附分子1表达的动态变化。结果 6周龄载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠和各个时间点的C57BL/6小鼠均未观察到内膜损伤的任何迹象,主动脉外膜厚度亦无显著变化,外膜均无血管细胞黏附分子1的表达;高脂喂养2周后,载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠血管外膜厚度增加,但在内膜仍无肉眼可见病灶,此时外膜血管细胞黏附分子1呈现弱阳性表达;高脂喂养4周和8周后,载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠血管外膜厚度逐渐增加,内膜出现泡沫细胞,纤维斑块,外膜及内膜损伤处血管细胞黏附分子1表达增强。载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠随着高脂喂养时间延长,主动脉外膜及内膜细胞间黏附分子1的表达也增加,但C57BL/6小鼠血管外膜细胞间黏附分子1表达量少且稳定,各时间点之间无明显差异。结论载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠随着高脂喂养时间延长血管外膜血管细胞黏附分子1和细胞间黏附分子1的表达增加。     

瑞舒伐他汀对糖尿病合并冠心病大鼠动脉粥样硬化Rho激酶表达的影响

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀对糖尿病合并冠心病大鼠动脉粥样硬化的防治作用及其相关机制。方法 Wistar大鼠50只,随机取10只大鼠以普通饮食喂养作为对照组,另40只以链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠内膜损伤存活后,高脂饮食8周,取大鼠20只随机分为模型组、治疗组,每组10只,继续高脂饮食4周,之后治疗组用瑞舒伐他汀20mg/(kg·d)灌胃干预2个月。3组大鼠常规查血脂及RT-PCR检测主动脉血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)及Rho激酶mRNA表达。结果干预前,与对照组比较,模型组和治疗组大鼠TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著升高,HDL-C水平显著降低(P0.05)。干预后,与对照组比较,模型组大鼠TC、TG、LDL-C水平明显升高,HDL-C水平明显降低;VCAM-1、ICAM-1和Rho激酶mRNA表达增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);与模型组比较,治疗组上述各指标均改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论瑞舒伐他汀通过干预 Rho/Rho激酶信号通路表达而抑制血管内皮炎症,起到延缓、抑制动脉管腔狭窄的作用,这可能为其抗动脉粥样硬化的新机制。     

通心络超微粉对高脂饮食兔胸主动脉NF-κB、胞间黏附分子1及血管细胞黏附分子1表达的影响

目的探讨通心络超微粉对高脂饮食兔胸主动脉NF-κB、胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）及血管细胞黏附分子1（VCAM-1）表达的影响。方法健康雄性新西兰白兔32只,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阿托伐他汀组、通心络组四组。空白对照组,饲以普通饲料;模型组,饲以高脂饲料;阿托伐他汀组,饲以高脂饲料同时阿托伐他汀（3mg·kg^-1·d^-1）灌胃;通心络组,饲以高脂饲料同时通心络超微粉（0．31g·kg^-1·d^-1）灌胃,连续给药,于6周末免疫组织化学染色法检测主动脉壁中NF-κB核转位情况、ICAM-1及VCAM-1蛋白表达情况,RT—PCR法检测ICAM-1 mRNA及VCAM-1 mRNA表达。结果与空白对照组相比,模型组家兔主动脉壁中NF—KB核转位明显增加。ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因及蛋白表达明显增多（P〈O．01）。与模型组相比,通心络组与阿托伐他汀组家兔主动脉壁中NF-κB核转位明显减少、ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因及蛋白表达明显减少（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）,通心络组显著少于阿托伐他汀组（P〈0．01）。结论通心络超微粉通过抑制NF-κB核转位进而降低ICAM-1、VCAM-1基因及蛋白表达,减轻动脉粥样硬化病理改变。     

Patterns of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rabbit and mouse atherosclerotic lesions and at sites predisposed to lesion formation.

The recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes and formation of intimal macrophage-rich lesions at specific sites of the arterial tree are key events in atherogenesis. Inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecules may participate in this process. In aortas of normal chow-fed wild-type mice and rabbits, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), but not E-selectin, were expressed by endothelial cells in regions predisposed to atherosclerotic lesion formation. En face confocal microscopy of the mouse ascending aorta and proximal arch demonstrated that VCAM-1 expression was increased on the endothelial cell surface in lesion-prone areas. ICAM-1 expression extended into areas protected from lesion formation. Hypercholesterolemia induced atherosclerotic lesion formation in rabbits, LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice, and Northern blot analysis demonstrated increased steady-state mRNA levels of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, but not of E-selectin. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were expressed predominantly by endothelium in early lesions and by intimal cells in more advanced lesions. In early and advanced lesions, staining was most intense in endothelial cells at and adjacent to lesion borders. ICAM-1 staining extended into the uninvolved aorta. These expression patterns were highly reproducible in both species. The only difference was that VCAM-1 expression in endothelium over the central portions of lesions was found frequently in rabbits and rarely in mice. The expression of VCAM-1 by arterial endothelium in normal animals may represent a pathogenic mechanism or a phenotypic marker of predisposition to atherogenesis.     

Histopathological changes and expression of adhesion molecules and laminin in varicose veins

BACKGROUND: Although varicose disease is a common pathology, etiologic factors predisposing to dilatation, elongation and tortuosity of the saphenous vein are not yet well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate morphological changes, laminin and adhesion molecules expression in the great saphenous vein. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material obtained from 26 patients was analyzed using light microscopy, immunohistology and electron microscopy. Patients were divided into two age groups (group I, aged between 26 and 35 years and group 11, 36-45 years). RESULTS: In most patients veins were stretched out with highly varying wall thickness. The vein wall three-layered structure composed of intima, media and adventitia was changed in 78% of the cases. In most specimens endothelium was either damaged or missing. In such areas possible thrombus formation sites were observed characterized by erythrocyte accumulation. In media and adventitia smooth muscle cells were destroyed or showed altered morphology, the amount of connective tissue was increased together with irregular organization of collagen fibers and disruption of the elastic network around smooth muscle cell bundles. Laminin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression was increased in varicose veins wall, especially in the second group of patients (p<0.05). In addition, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was more pronounced in the wall of varicose veins of female than male patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that morphological alterations in varicose veins become more pronounced with advancing age, and laminin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression is related to the severity of damage and age of the patient.     

Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 64) and control subjects (n = 40) were studied. Serum ICAM-1 concentrations in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of control subjects (378.2 +/- 70.0 versus 220.4 +/- 31.8 ng/ml, P < 0.01). By multiple regression analysis, hemoglobin A1c was independently associated with serum ICAM-1 concentration in patients with diabetes. The serum VCAM-1 concentration of diabetic patients with macroangiopathy was higher than those of patients without macroangiopathy and of control subjects (806.9 + 276.5 versus 639.0 +/- 146.0 (P < 0.01), and 652.1 +/- 146.9 ng/ml (P < 0.01), respectively). There was no difference in serum E-selectin concentration between diabetic patients with or without macroangiopathy and normal control subjects. These results suggest that adhesion molecules may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in the diabetic state.     

Serum levels of thrombomodulin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin in the acute phase of Plasmodium vivax malaria

Elevated plasma or serum levels of thrombomodulin (TM), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin have been reported in several diseases. However, plasma or serum levels of TM, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin have not been investigated in the acute phase of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Serum TM, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, and creatinine levels were determined in six Japanese patients in the acute phase of vivax malaria and in seven healthy Japanese controls. Parasitemias of the peripheral blood were < 0.1% in five patients and 0.8% in one patient. The patients' mean +/- SD serum levels of TM, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin were 5.7 +/- 1.3 Fujirebio units/ml, 709 +/- 397 ng/ml, 2,112 +/- 782 ng/ml, and 99 +/- 28 ng/ml, respectively, and all were significantly greater than those in the controls (TM; P < 0.005, ICAM-1; P < 0.025, VCAM-1; P < 0.005, E-selectin; P < 0.025). However, no significant difference was identified between patients and controls for serum creatinine values. The serum levels of TM and VCAM-1 were not related to parasitemia. The elevation of serum TM levels suggests that endothelial cell damage occurs in the acute phase of vivax malaria.     

黏附分子在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压发病中的作用

目的 探讨细胞黏附分子在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压(HT)发病中的作用。方法 应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法检测30例OSAHS血压正常患者(OSAHS组)、30例OSAHS合并高血压患者(OSAHS HT组)及30名健康者(正常对照组)血清中可溶性胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)和L-选择素的含量。结果 OSAHS HT组及OSAHS组患者血清可溶性ICAM-1[分别为(601±406)μg/,L、(513±244)μg/L]、VCAM-1含量[分别为(578±176)μg/L、(480±144)μg/L]均明显高于正常对照组[分别为(355±119)μg/L、(310±163)μg/L,q值分别为4.78,3.07;9.09,5.76,P<0.01],差异有显著性;而L-选择素与对照组相比,差异无显著性(P>0.05);OSAHS HT组的VCAM-1明显高于OSAHS组(q值为3.32,P<0.05),差异有显著性;ICAM-1水平与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)及微觉醒指数呈明显的正相关(r=0.465,P<0.01,r=0.226,P<0.05);与最低血氧饱和度呈明显的负相关(r=-0.368,P<0.01)。结论 血清ICAM-1、VCAM-1水平的升高是OSAHS患者高血压发病的重要危险因子之一。     

Plasma soluble adhesion molecules; intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin levels in patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia

Plasma soluble adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin leves of patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia (CAE), patients with obstructive coronary artery disease without CAE and subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries were evaluated. Patients with isolated CAE were detected to have significantly higher levels of plasma soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in comparison with patients with obstructive coronary artery disease without CAE (ICAM, 673 +/- 153 versus 381 +/- 106, respectively, P < 0.001; VCAM-1, 2366 +/- 925 versus 1136 +/- 208, respectively, P < 0.001; E-selectin, 74 +/- 21 versus 61 +/- 18, respectively, P = 0.01) and subjects with normal coronary arteries (ICAM-1, 673 +/- 153 versus 303 +/- 131, respectively, P < 0.001; VCAM-1, 2366 +/- 925 versus 729 +/- 231, respectively, P < 0.001; E-selectin, 74 +/- 21 versus 49 +/- 9, respectively, P < 0.001), suggesting the presence of a more severe and extensive chronic inflammation in the coronary circulation in patients with isolated CAE. BACKGROUND: The common coexistence of coronary artery ectasia (CAE) with coronary artery disease (CAD) suggests that it may be a variant of CAD. However, it is not clear why some patients with obstructive CAD develop CAE whereas most do not. Inflammation has been reported to be a major contributing factor to both obstructive and aneurysmatic vascular disorders and therefore, in the present study, the plasma soluble adhesion molecules, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin levels in isolated CAE were investigated. METHODS: The study population consisted of three groups: the first consisted of 32 patients with isolated CAE without stenotic lesion; the second of 32 patients with obstructive CAD without CAE; and the third group of 30 control subjects with normal coronary arteries. Coronary diameters were measured as the maximum diameter of the ectasic segment by use of a computerized quantitative coronary angiography analysis system. According to the angiographic definition used in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study, a vessel is considered to be ectasic when its diameter is > or =1.5 times that of the adjacent normal segment in segmental ectasia. Plasma soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin levels were measured in all patients and control subjects using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS: Patients with isolated CAE were found to have significantly higher levels of plasma soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin in comparison with patients with obstructive CAD without CAE (ICAM, 673 +/- 153 versus 381 +/- 106, respectively; P < 0.001; VCAM-1, 2366 +/- 925 versus 1136 +/- 208, respectively; P < 0.001; E-selectin, 74 +/- 21 versus 61+/-18, respectively; P = 0.01) and control subjects with normal coronary arteries (ICAM-1, 673 +/- 153 versus 303 +/- 131, respectively;, P < 0.001; VCAM-1, 2366 +/- 925 versus 729 +/- 231, respectively; P < 0.001; E-selectin, 74 +/- 21 versus 49 +/- 9, respectively; P < 0.001). In addition, we detected statistically significant positive correlation between the total length of ectasic segments and the levels of plasma soluble ICAM-1 (r = 0.625; P < 0.001), VCAM-1 (r = 0.548; P = 0.001) and E-selectin (r = 0.390; P = 0.027). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant independent relation between isolated CAE and ICAM-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.023; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0048-1.0414; P = 0.0129] and VCAM-1 (OR = 1.0057; 95% CI = 1.0007-1.0106; P = 0.0240). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that patients with isolated CAE have raised levels of plasma soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin in comparison with patients with obstructive CAD without CAE and control subjects with normal coronary arteries, suggesting the presence of a more severe and extensive chronic inflammation in the coronary circulation in these patients.     

芝麻素对动脉粥样硬化斑块及主动脉壁VCAM-1表达的影响

目的观察比较芝麻素和阿托伐他汀对兔实验性动脉粥样硬化（AS）斑块形成及主动脉壁细胞黏附分子1（VCAM-1）表达的影响,探讨芝麻素在预防和治疗AS中的作用。方法将日本大耳白兔18只随机分为芝麻素组、阿托伐他汀组和阳性对照组,基础饲料喂养。给药8周后测定各组0、5和8周末LDL-C水平;实验结束时取主动脉,常规HE染色及免疫组织化学染色,观察主动脉形态学变化和血管壁斑块组织的变化,定量分析血管VCAM-1表达强度变化。结果与阳性对照组相比,芝麻素组和阿托伐他汀组LDL-C水平显著降低（P〈0.01）,主动脉病理改变和血管壁斑块组织免疫着色明显减轻（P〈0.01）,主动脉壁VCAM-1表达水平分别下调27.59%和45.97%。与阿托伐他汀比较,芝麻素明显减轻主动脉中膜的厚度（P〈0.01）。结论芝麻素具有降低血脂、防治AS的作用。     

阿托伐他汀对动脉粥样硬化兔氧化应激/炎症反应的影响

目的通过研究氧化应激和炎症反应探讨阿托伐他汀治疗动脉粥样硬化的非调脂作用机制。方法以高脂饲料和免疫刺激方法制备动脉粥样硬化家兔模型,给予0.435 mg/(kg.d)阿托伐他汀混悬液治疗1个月,观察家兔血清超氧化物歧化酶活性、丙二醛和氧化型低密度脂蛋白含量以及血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1、主动脉血管细胞黏附分子1、细胞间黏附分子1、单核细胞趋化蛋白1基因和蛋白表达的变化。结果与正常对照组比较,动脉粥样硬化模型组家兔血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著下降(P<0.01),血清丙二醛、氧化型低密度脂蛋白含量明显升高(P<0.01);主动脉血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1、血管细胞黏附分子1、细胞间黏附分子1、单核细胞趋化蛋白1的mRNA和蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,阿托伐他汀组家兔血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.01),血清丙二醛、氧化型低密度脂蛋白含量均显著下降(P<0.01),主动脉血凝素样氧化型低密度脂蛋白受体1、血管细胞黏附分子1、细胞间黏附分子1、单核细胞趋化蛋白1的mRNA和蛋白表达明显下调(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论阿托伐他汀具有抗氧化应激和炎症反应的作...     

A Adiponectina Previne a Reestenose pela Inibição da Proliferação Celular em um Modelo de Enxerto Venoso em Ratos

Background:Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) continues to be an effective therapy for coronary artery disease patients, but the vein graft is prone to restenosis or occlude. Adiponectin (ADP) is a plasma hormone protein with the function of regulating cell proliferation.Objective:This study used two different doses of ADP protein in a rat vein graft model to stimulate vein graft change. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of ADP on vein graft restenosis.Methods:Autologous jugular veins were implanted as carotid interposition grafts through the anastomotic cuff technique in Sprague Dawley rats. Adiponectin (2.5 μg and 7.5 μg) was delivered to the vein bypass grafts in a perivascular fashion, suspended in a 30% Pluronic-F127 gel. No treatment (bypass only) and vehicle loaded Pluronic gel served as controls. Comparisons were made with one-way analysis of variance and a post-hoc test, with p < 0.05 considered significant.Results:Cell proliferation (PCNA index) was significantly low in adiponectin-treated versus control and vehicle-gel-treated grafts, both in intima and adventitia, as of day 3 (p < 0.01). VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 evaluated by immunohistochemistry significantly down-regulated in the adiponectin-treated vein grafts in the fourth week (p <0.01). Treatment of vein grafts with adiponectin-loaded gels reduced intimal, media, and adventitia thickness when compared with the control and vehicle-gel-treated vein grafts at day 28 (p < 0.01).Conclusions:Our studies provide further support for the potential therapeutic role of adiponectin in modulating vascular injury and repair.     

Novel modulator for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin

BACKGROUND: Among the many adipocyte-derived endocrine factors, we recently found an adipocyte-specific secretory protein, adiponectin, which was decreased in obesity. Although obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the molecular basis for the link between obesity and vascular disease has not been fully clarified. The present study investigated whether adiponectin could modulate endothelial function and relate to coronary disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: For the in vitro study, human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were preincubated for 18 hours with the indicated amount of adiponectin, then exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (10 U/mL) or vehicle for the times indicated. The adhesion of human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells to HAECs was determined by adhesion assay. The surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (E-selectin), and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was measured by cell ELISA. Physiological concentrations of adiponectin dose-dependently inhibited TNF-alpha-induced THP-1 adhesion and expression of VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 on HAECs. For the in vivo study, the concentrations of adiponectin in human plasma were determined by a sandwich ELISA system that we recently developed. Plasma adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower in patients with coronary artery disease than those in age- and body mass index-adjusted control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that adiponectin modulates endothelial inflammatory response and that the measurement of plasma adiponectin levels may be helpful in assessment of CAD risk.     

Relation of C-reactive protein to oxidative stress and to endothelial activation in essential hypertension

BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) predicts cardiovascular outcome. Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in endothelial alteration. We hypothesized that in essential hypertension (EH), oxidative stress, as measured by 8-iso-prostaglandin-F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)), should be associated with increased CRP and endothelial activation, as evaluated by soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) plasma levels. METHODS: In 83 subjects with mild EH and in 50 healthy control subjects we measured, in basal conditions, plasma levels of hs-CRP, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). RESULTS: Subjects with EH had higher levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (P < .0001), CRP (P < .001), ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (P < .001), and TNF-alpha (P < .001) than did control subjects. We divided successively EH according to CRP values (<1, 1-3, >3 mg/L), and we observed increasing and significantly different levels of the endothelial parameters and of TNF-alpha along with increasing CRP. Linear analysis of correlation pointed out significant correlation of CRP with 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (r = 0.730, P < .001), ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (r = 0.642 and 0.468, P < .001 respectively), and TNF-alpha (r = 0.609, P < .001). Multiple regression analysis using CRP as a dependent variable confirmed the relationship of CRP with systolic blood pressure (beta 0.216, P = 0.039) and with 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (beta 0.602, P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that in EH, inflammatory molecules such as CRP and TNF-alpha are increased and related to both oxidative stress and endothelial activation.     

脂联素对2型糖尿病大鼠循环CRP及sICAM-1水平的影响

通过转染表达人全长脂联素基因的重组腺病毒载体来提高2型糖尿病大鼠血清脂联素水平.结果表明脂联素干预组血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-1)和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平较糖尿病组明显下降[(18.73±4.66对23.60±4.25)mg/L和(14.91±1.79对19.09±2.95)ng/ml,均P＜0.01],提示提高循环脂联素水平可改善糖尿病炎症反应状态.     

High serum concentrations of soluble E-selectin correlate with obesity but not fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules, eg, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the role of obesity or abnormal fat distribution in inducing upregulation of adhesion molecules. To investigate this issue, soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin levels were evaluated in 40 obese and 30 nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes. Both groups were matched for age, sex, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels. Computed tomography (CT) was used to measure the abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat areas. Soluble ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels did not differ significantly between obese and nonobese patients. However, serum concentrations of soluble E-selectin were significantly higher in obese than in nonobese patients (90 +/- 7 v 56 +/- 4 ng/mL, P <.01). Soluble E-selectin levels significantly correlated with body mass index, subcutaneous fat area, and visceral fat area (Rho = 0.48, 0.37, and 0.30, respectively). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that body mass index (F = 16.7), but not subcutaneous and visceral fat areas (F = 0.29 and 0.01, respectively), significantly and independently correlated with soluble E-selectin levels. Our results suggest that obesity may induce endothelial activation or increased shedding of cell surface E-selectin that leads to subsequent increase in soluble E-selectin levels. The high serum concentrations of E-selectin closely correlated with increased total fat volume, but not with regional fat distribution.     

蜂胶水提物预处理对血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的观察蜂胶水提物对损伤血管内皮细胞的保护作用,探讨蜂胶抗动脉粥样硬化的作用及其机制。方法用50 μg/L TNF-α诱导体外培养脐静脉内皮细胞损伤,用50、100、200 mg/L蜂胶水提物分别干预6、12、24 h,分为对照组、模型组、蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组、蜂胶高浓度组、氟伐他汀钠组、联合组,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显升高;与模型组比较,蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组和蜂胶高浓度组ICAM-1和VCAM-1明显降低(P0.01)。12 h时与氟伐他汀钠组比较,联合组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显降低(P0.01)。结论蜂胶水提物能降低ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达。与氟伐他汀钠联合应用,对血管内皮细胞损伤有协同保护作用。     

Baseline ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are increased in initially healthy middle-aged men who develop cardiovascular disease during 6.6 years of follow-up

The objective of the present study was to investigate if there was a difference in baseline serum concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) between groups with and without cardiovascular events during a mean follow-up of 6.6 years in a group of initially healthy 58-year-old men. A further aim was to examine if high serum concentrations of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were associated with carotid and femoral artery plaque occurrence, separately. Men with cardiovascular events during follow-up had higher median serum ICAM-I and VCAM-I than those without events (P < .05). The median of serum ICAM-I and VCAM-1 in the event group was used as the cutoff level, and in those with ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 above the cutoff value, there was an increased risk of having a plaque in the femoral artery (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.8-4.3; and OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.5, respectively).     

复方丹参滴丸对动脉粥样硬化粘附因子的作用

目的观察复方丹参滴丸对动脉粥样硬化粘附因子的作用。方法30只雄性新西兰大白兔应用球囊拉伤腹主动脉后,高脂饲养12周,然后随机分为安慰剂组、小剂量复方丹参滴丸组和大剂量复方丹参滴丸组,分别给予安慰剂、复方丹参滴丸5粒/天和复方丹参滴丸10粒/天治疗,12周后处死实验兔,留取腹主动脉标本进行病理检测;实验前后耳缘静脉抽血检测总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度胆固醇脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和高敏C反应蛋白水平;应用高频超声检测腹主动脉;免疫组织化学染色检测血管细胞粘附因子1和细胞间粘附因子1以及巨噬细胞的分布,逆转录聚合酶链反应检测血管细胞粘附因子1和细胞间粘附因子1mRNA的表达。结果与安慰剂组比较,复方丹参滴丸治疗组可以降低总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05),升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05);高敏C反应蛋白有降低趋势;血管细胞粘附因子1、细胞间粘附因子1和巨噬细胞均减少,血管细胞粘附因子1和细胞间粘附因子1mRNA的表达降低(P<0.01);内膜中膜厚度降低(P<0.05)。结论复方丹参滴丸可以抑制粘附因子的表达,从而抑制动脉粥样硬化炎症反应,延缓动脉粥样硬化进展。     

High-flux and Low-flux Dialysis Membranes and Levels of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Children With Chronic Kidney Failure

Introduction. During hemodialysis, the expression of different adhesion molecules changes, thus serving as markers of biocompatibility of dialysis membranes. Our aim was to investigate whether low-flux and high-flux dialysis membranes have different effects on the concentration of adhesion molecules and their association with leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Materials and Methods. We enrolled 80 pediatric patients on hemodialysis. Baseline levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured. The patients were classified into 2 groups to use either low-flux filters or high-flux filters for 3 months. At the end of the 3 months, predialysis samples were obtained for measurement of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-alpha and interleukin-1. Post-dialysis samples were collected for measurement of CBC, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-alpha, and interleukin-1. Forty volunteers were involved as a control group. Results. Both TNF- ? and IL-1 were higher in the patients compared to the control group (P < .001). Compared to the control group, there was a significant increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (P < .001) in both groups predialysis and postdialysis. The postdialysis increments of ICAM-1 with the high-flux membranes were significantly less compared to the low-flux membranes (P < .001). Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 significantly correlated with TNF-? and interleukin-1 in all groups. Conclusions. The postdialysis increments of the adhesion molecules are due to the effect of dialysis membranes, which is less with the use of high-flux filters.