高剂量率低剂量辐射对人红细胞ATP酶的影响

目的研究低剂量辐射条件下高剂量辐射率对人红细胞ATP酶的影响,探讨高剂量率低剂量辐射在红细胞系统中是否存在兴奋效应。方法抽取10名健康志愿者静脉血,每份血均分成3份,其中2份在剂量率为17Gy／min,总吸收量为1Gy条件下照射,分别检测照射前及照射后1、2h后Na^＋K^＋-ATP酶与Ca^2＋Mg^2＋-ATP酶的活力。结果与未照射红细胞相比,照射后1、2h红细胞膜Na^＋K^＋-ATP酶与Ca^2＋Mg^2＋-ATP酶的活力均升高（P〈0．05）。结论高剂量率低剂量辐射能提高红细胞ATP酶活力,改善红细胞膜的代谢,在红细胞系统中具有兴奋效应。     

HBsAg阳性献血者红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性研究

目的：探讨HBsAg阳性献血者红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶活性变化及意义。方法：应用比巴法检测55例HBsAg阳性并伴ALT不正常的献血者及50例健康献血者的红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶活性，并将结果进行相关分析。结果：与健康对照组比较，HBsAg阳性献血者红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶活性明显下降。结论：献血者红细胞膜Na^ -K^ -ATP酶活性下降与HBsAg阳性密切相关，ATP酶活性下降可能参与乙型肝炎病变的发生、发展过程。     

青龙衣多糖对荷瘤小鼠红细胞膜ATPase的影响

目的 探讨青龙衣多糖对红细胞膜Na^＋，K^＋-ATPase，Ca^2＋，M／’-ATPase的影响。方法 按照ATP酶测试盒说明书方法严格操作进行。结果 两种青龙衣多糖能明显抑制S，小鼠It．小鼠红细胞膜Na^＋，K^＋-ATPase，Ca^2＋，Mg^2＋-AT-Pase的活性（P〈0.05）。结论 青龙多糖的这一作用可能是其促进荷瘤小鼠红细胞免疫功能的机理之一。     

原发性高血压发病机制中红细胞内Ca^2＋浓度及红细胞膜Ca^2＋-Mg^2＋-ATP酶活性变化与左心室肥厚的关系

背景：左心室肥厚(1eft ventricular hypertrophy，LVH)患者红细胞内游离Ca^2+浓度、红细胞膜Ca^2+-ATP酶活性的变化尚不清楚。目的：探讨原发性高血压(essential hypertension，EH)患者伴LVH和不伴LVH红细胞内游离Ca^2+。浓度、红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性的变化及其相互关系，揭示了原发性高血压的发病机制，为康复措施的介入提供理论依据。设计：以诊断为依据的病例对照研究。地点、对象和方法：检测30例来源于解放军第四军医大学唐都医院健康体检自愿参加研究的正常血压者(正常血压组)；82例来源于本院的轻度和中度EH患者(高血压组)(其中LVH组40例，非LVH组42例)外周血红细胞内Ca^2+浓度及红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性。主要观察指标：血压正常者和EH患者外周血红细胞Ca^2+浓度和红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATPase活性测定结果比较；LVH和非LVH患者性别，年龄，体质量指数，心率，收缩压，舒张压，平均压，IVST，PWT，EDD，LVMI，外周血红细胞内Ca^2+浓度，红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性测定结果比较；EH患者LVH与Ca^2+的相关性。结果：①EH组外周血红细胞内Ca^2+浓度显著高于正常血压组[(1013．5&;#177;90．4)，(1286．1&;#177;95．7)mnol／L，P&;lt;0．01]，红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性明显低于正常血压组[(32．14&;#177;5．30)，(21．53&;#177;4．28)μkat／g，P&;lt;0．01]。②EH患者中LVH组外周血红细胞内Ca^2+浓度高于非LVH组，红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性低于非LVH组(P&;lt;0．01)。③相关分析表明LVMI与红细胞内Ca^2+浓度呈正相关(r=0．902，P&;lt;0．01)，与红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性呈负相关(r=-0．863，P&;lt;0．01)。结论：EH患者伴LVH时外周血红细胞内Ca^2+浓度升高而红细胞膜Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性降低，提示LVH与红细胞内Ca^2+过度超负荷有关。     

红细胞溶血液Na^＋-K^＋-ATP酶活力测定

目的建立利用红细胞溶血液测定红细胞Na+-K+-ATP酶活力测定方法。方法用蒸馏水将红细胞破坏,测其血红蛋白含量及红细胞Na+-K+-ATP酶活力,并与用红细胞膜酶测定法进行相关性比较。结果健康成人红细胞溶血液Na+-K+-ATP酶活力为4.345±1.175μmolPi/gHb·h;两种方法的相关系数为0.685。结论利用红细胞溶血液进行红细胞Na+-K+-ATP酶活力测定具有操作简便,结果准确的特点,更适合于一般实验室开展。     

Na^＋-K^＋-ATP酶γ亚基的研究进展

以往研究已发现Na^ -K^ -ATP酶含有α和β两种亚基，后来又发现了第3种亚基，即γ亚基。为了对γ亚基有一个较为全面的认识，现对γ亚基的发现过程、研究简况、生理功能、表达调节等基本情况作一综述。     

骨骼肌肌浆网Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性在不同训练条件下的变化

背景：Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶在物质运送、能量转换以及信息传递方面具有重要作用。肌浆网在肌肉兴奋-收缩耦联过程中起关键作用,与运动性骨骼肌疲劳的发生密切关。目的：通过建立SD大鼠有氧和无氧训练模型,观察不同训练负荷条件对大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性的影响。方法：参照BedfordTG标准,建立有氧和无氧运动大鼠跑台训练模型,有氧运动组采用递增负荷训练,无氧运动组采用高速间歇训练,正常对照组大鼠正常笼内生活,不运动。各组动物训练结束后用超速离心法提取大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网,紫外分光光度计检测大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶的活性。结果与结论：训练4周后,两个运动组大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶的活性逐渐升高（P〈0.05）;训练6周,仅有氧运动组升高（P〈0.05）,无氧运动组则活性降低（P〈0.05）。结果提示有氧训练更有利于保护大鼠骨骼肌肌浆网Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶的活性,但需要一定的时间累积。     

有氧运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca^2＋-ATP酶及线粒体肿胀的影响

背景：研究表明有氧运动可提高线粒体功能,但在不同时期的作用特点还不明确。目的：观察不同周期有氧运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca2^＋-ATP酶以及线粒体肿胀的影响。方法：将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组,有氧运动2,4和6周组。正常对照组不进行有氧运动,其余3组则参照BedfordTG标准,采用跑台运动方式,建立有氧运动模型进行相应的运动周期锻炼。测定各组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶和Ca2^＋-ATP酶的活性以及线粒体肿胀程度。结果与结论：有氧运动2周组各指标与对照组比较无差异。有氧运动4和6周组线粒体Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶、Ca2^＋-ATP酶活性均增高（P〈0.05）,线粒体肿胀程度降低（P〈0.05）。实验结果表明,有氧运动可保护线粒体Na^＋,K^＋-ATP酶、Ca2^＋-ATP酶的活性,提高线粒体功能,但需要一定的时间积累。     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病红细胞膜 ATP 酶、氧自由基变化及与脑损伤关系的研究

目的：探讨红细胞膜ＡＴＰ酶和氧自由基在新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）发病中的作用，寻找防治途径。方法：采用孔雀绿分析法检测了３２例新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病时红细胞膜Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性及脂质过氧化代谢产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量和磷酸肌酸激酶脑型同功酶（ＣＫＢＢ）活性。结果：缺氧缺血性脑病患儿红细胞膜Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性〔（０．１１３±０．０２２）ｎｍｏｌＰｉ·ｈ－１／ｍｇＰｒ〕明显低于正常新生儿〔（０．２９４±０．０３７）ｎｍｏｌＰｉ·ｈ－１／ｍｇＰｒ〕，ＭＤＡ及ＣＫＢＢ活性明显高于正常新生儿，且红细胞膜Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性与ＭＤＡ水平呈明显负相关（ｒ＝－０．３６０，Ｐ＜０．０５），即Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶活性的降低与脂质过氧化损伤密切相关。结论：氧自由基损伤可能参与了ＨＩＥ的发病和病理过程，进一步损伤细胞膜Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶功能，使机体生理功能产生不可逆损伤。故对ＨＩＥ治疗中尽早使用抗氧化剂和保护细胞膜Ｎａ＋Ｋ＋ＡＴＰ酶功能的药物十分必要。     

The Effect of Copper on Red Cell Enzyme Activities

Previous studies have shown a marked effect of very high levels of copper on red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione. When the effect of more nearly physiological levels of copper were studied, red cell hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglyceric kinase, pyruvate kinase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were found to be inhibited. Inhibition was observed both when copper was added directly to hemolysates or when hemolysates were prepared from red cells from whole blood which had been incubated with copper and washed. The inhibition of red cell enzymes by copper was completely reversed by the addition of EDTA.     

The Preservation of Red Cell ATP

The addition of high concentrations of phosphate ion have been found to enhance markedly the stability of ATP of red cells stored at 4 C. A marked initial rise of ATP levels was followed by a subsequent gradual decline when phosphate in concentrations of .05 M to .3 M was included in preservative media containing adenine. A second rise in the concentration of ATP was observed if the pH of the sample was adjusted by the addition of sodium carbonate. The addition of phosphate in high concentrations to preservative media may prove to be of practical significance.     

Effect of 2 Hours' Exposure to Simulated High Altitude (4,500 m) on Human Red Cell Metabolism

During acute exposure to high altitude (2 hours) the red cell metabolism is altered. A pH-induced increase in phosphofructokinase activity together with a decrease in the level of the monophosphoglycerates are the most prominent features of the changes. Despite the increase in pH, the level of 2,3-diphos-phoglycerate is not altered, probably because of a reduction in the concentration of inorganic phosphate. Besides 2,3-DPG neither ATP, ADP, lactate, or pyruvate levels are changed significantly during exposure of this duration. The results are interpreted as being due to a combined effect of alkalosis and a decrease in the concentration of inorganic phosphate.     

The Effect of Ascorbate and Dihydroxyacetone on the 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and ATP Levels of Stored Human Red Cells

Fifty ml aliquots of blood were stored in modified CPD-adenine preservative solutions at pH 4.8, 5.6, and 7.0 containing either dihydroxyacetone alone, ascorbic acid alone, or a combination of both. Red blood cell ATP and 2,3-DPG determinations showed that the effect of dihydroxyacetone and ascorbic acid were synergistic at all pH levels, and that even at the lowest pH levels excellent 23-DPG maintenance was observed. A reciprocal relationship existed between 2,3-DPG and ATP maintenance. Studies in 500 ml units of blood containing both dihydroxyacetone and ascorbate gave similar results to those in 50 ml aliquots. There was excellent maintenance of 2,3-DPG levels throughout the 28-day storage period.     

海藻糖负载对人红细胞膜的影响

本研究通过对海藻糖负载后红细胞膜各项理化指标检测,评价海藻糖对红细胞膜的保护作用。以海藻糖负载红细胞为实验组,未负载海藻糖红细胞为对照组,在不同渗透压的NaCl溶液中,检测2组红细胞膜渗透脆性变化,流式细胞术和红细胞变形仪分别检测2组红细胞膜的完整性和变形性。结果显示:对照组红细胞在渗透压为160 mOsm的NaCl溶液中溶血率为50%,而实验组红细胞出现50%溶血率的NaCl溶液渗透压为121.4 mOsm。流式细胞术检测结果显示,红细胞负载海藻糖后,细胞膜结合的AnnexinⅤ-FITC量很少,并且通过300 mOsm磷酸盐缓冲液的洗涤,破损细胞能被有效清除。负载后红细胞变形能力有所下降,2组之间存在显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:红细胞摄取海藻糖后能够在高渗环境中保持细胞膜稳定性和结构完整性。     

Maintenance of ATP Level of Incubated Human Red Cells by Controlling the pH

Fresh human blood was incubated at 37 C. in ACD solution, heparin-glucose solution, and heparin-glucose solution with p H controlled by automatic titration with sterile NaHCO₃ solution. In ACD solution glycolysis of the red cells slowed down with time and concomitantly the ATP level decreased sharply. In heparin-glucose solution, glycolysis continued more vigorously and the ATP levels were maintained longer. In the flasks in which the lactic acid was neutralized continuously, glycolysis proceeded almost unabated, and the ATP levels were correspondingly well maintained. Red cell viability and survival are presently assumed to be related to glycolytic maintenance of adequate levels of ATP. These studies demonstrate that storage of blood in heparin-glucose may prolong the red cell viability over that in ACD, and that neutralization of the lactic acid produced in glycolysis gives such dramatic improvement that a whole new system of blood storage may be predicated on this principle.     

脉冲强磁场对白血病细胞系作用的研究

连续４天观察了脉冲强磁场（峰值１５Ｔ）对人Ｔ淋巴细胞白血病细胞系ＭＴ－２细胞及正常人淋巴细胞的体外处理效应。结果显示，脉冲强磁场淋巴细胞无任何不良影响，但能使ＭＴ－２细胞的增殖缓慢、细胞活力下降及可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的释放减少，并随脉冲强磁场处理次数的增加而逐渐明显，以处理２０次／ｄ的实验组最为明显（Ｐ＜０．０５），表明脉冲强磁场能选择性抑制白血病细胞的生长。     

过滤去除白细胞对红细胞悬液质量的影响

目的　通过比较不同储存期的红细胞悬液在过滤前后各项实验指标 (包括血象和生化 )的差异来评价以聚脂纤维为滤芯材料的过滤器的过滤效果。方法　取保存期分别为 7、1 5、2 5 d的红细胞悬液 5 0 U。在无菌条件下 ,用 FTS-RC(血库型 )血细胞过滤器进行过滤 ,收集过滤前后血样 ,以全自动血细胞分析仪测定 WBC、RBC、HB,用邻甲联苯胺法测定血浆游离血红蛋白 ,以全自动生化分析仪测定 K 、Na 、Cl- ,用酸度计测 p H值。结果　以聚脂纤维为滤芯材料的白细胞过滤器的白细胞过滤率为 99.45 % ,过滤前后血样生化指标无显著差异 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论　以聚脂纤维为滤芯材料的白细胞过滤器有高效的 WBC去除率 ,且对 RBC性质影响极少 ,过滤后的血液可安全有效地使用     

紫外线照射对储存血液红细胞的影响

紫外线照射血液在灭活血液病毒和减少细菌污染,降低免疫细胞抗原呈递作用,预防同种免疫,增加受血者免疫耐受性,减少移植物抗宿主病方面有重要意义[1～4];紫外线照射加充氧自血疗法在提高机体红细胞携氧功能,治疗多种疾病方面也得到公认[5、6].但也有材料报道,其对细胞造成一定损害,溶血率达2%.为此,笔者观察了库血经紫外线照射并保存不同时间后血浆游离血红蛋白和红细胞渗透脆性的变化,报道如下.