视网膜母细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨视网膜母细胞瘤CT表现特征。方法回顾性分析52例（56只眼）经临床和手术或穿刺病理证实的视网膜母细胞瘤的CT表现。结果视网膜母细胞瘤CT表现为眼球后壁软组织肿块52例（56只眼）,钙化率95％,视神经增粗3例（4只眼）,颅内转移3例,远处转移3例。分期准确率为77％。结论视网膜母细胞瘤的CT表现具有特征性,CT检查对本病具有重要价值,对于临床治疗有重要的指导意义。     

HRCT的双斜位MPR对上半规管裂的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨利用高分辨率CT(high resolution computed tomography, HRCT)的双斜位多平面重组技术（multiplanar reformation, MPR），重建上半规管，观察上半规管裂（SSCD）的影像表现，以提高对该病的认识。方法 选取接受颞骨HRCT检查的1988例患者的CT图像，利用HRCT的双斜位MPR后处理技术，评价有无上半规管裂，记录病变发生部位、形态，观察影像学表现。结果 存在上半规管裂的11例患者中单侧SSCD 9例（81.8%），其中左侧4例（36.3%），右侧5例（45.5%），双侧SSCD 2例（18.2%）。发生部位：顶壁偏前1个（7.7%）、顶壁正中7个（53.8%）、顶壁偏后5个（38.5%）。结论 HRCT的双斜位MPR后处理技术能明确显示SSCD骨质缺损的部位，对SSCD的诊断有重要价值。     

特发性肺纤维化的高分辨率CT评价

目的 评价高分辨率CT（HRCT）对特发性肺纤维化（IPF）的诊断及鉴别诊断的价值,探讨病程与HRCT表现之间的关系。材料与方法 经临床及病理证实的29例IPF患者常规CT检查后对兴趣区行HRCT扫描,观察病变的分布及HRCT表现,并按病程在1年以下、1－2年、2－3年及3年以上分为4组,分析病程与HRCT表现之间的关系。结果 IPF的主要HRCT表现：（1）磨玻璃样密度影;（2）肺小叶间隔增厚;（3）小叶内间质增厚;（4）小叶结构变形;（5）蜂窝肺;（6）交界面不规则;（7）胸膜增厚。小叶间隔增厚及小叶内间质增厚。病程在2年以上分别占72％（21／29）及86％（12／14）。蜂窝肺病程在3年以上占60％（12／20）。病变呈周围型分布。结论 HRCT能细致、准确地反映IPF的大体病理变化,但各种征象均可见于其他各种间质性疾病,小叶间隔增厚及小叶间质增厚伴有肺结构变形和病变的周围型分布对诊断和鉴别诊断较有意义。诊断须结合临床并除外其他原因引起的肺纤维化。     

HRCT轴位加薄层冠状位扫描及容积重建对鼻骨骨折的诊断价值

目的探讨高分辨率CT（HRCT）对鼻骨骨折的诊断价值。方法25例鼻外伤患者均经HRCT轴位扫描及冠状位薄层加三维重建（VR）,对检查结果与数字X线摄影（DR）进行对比分析。结果25例患者中,12例DR侧位X线平片显示鼻骨骨折,而HRCT图像22例显示鼻骨骨折线,其中,粉碎性骨折14例,线性骨折8例;单侧骨折15例,双侧骨折7例;横型骨折11例,纵形骨折2例,斜形骨折9例;合并上颌骨额突骨折12例。容积重建（VR）及冠状位像显示全部患者鼻骨骨折线。结论轴位HRCT扫描加冠状面重律对鼻骨骨折的诊断晶可靠．其敏感性显著优于DR。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病气道病变的64层MSCT与肺功能的相关性研究

目的：探讨64层螺旋CT对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）气道病变的影像学改变与常规肺功能检查（PFT）的相关性。方法：选取COPD患者（男29例,女10例）及正常对照组（男34例,女11例）进行高分辨率CT（HRCT）和常规肺功能检查。CT扫描分别于深吸气末和深呼气末进行。观察COPD小气道异常的主要HRCT征象：马赛克灌注、呼气末空气潴留征、小叶中心型肺气肿、支气管扩张、支气管壁增厚。分析气道异常与PFT检查参数值的相关性。结果：①HRCT所见COPD与对照组的气道异常的发生率有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;②COPD患者HRCT显示小气道异常与PFT检查结果有相关性,主要表现为：支气管壁增厚、马赛克灌注、呼气末空气潴留征与残气容积/肺总量（RV/TLC）和最大呼气流率（MEF）相关（P值均〈0.05）,支气管扩张与一秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、残气容积/肺总量（RV/TLC）相关（P〈0.05）,小叶中心型肺气肿与残气容积相关（P〈0.05）。结论：64层螺旋CT获取HRCT可用于COPD气道病变的诊断,HRCT显示COPD的气道异常征象与PFT指标相关。     

视神经管骨折的CT诊断

本文对８５例视神经管骨折的临床与ＣＴ所见进行了回顾性分析。受伤原因中车祸３６例，撞伤１３例，摔伤１１例，击伤或砸伤１２例，其他伤少见。均有明显视力下降，其中失明无光感达７８例。８５例均行骨算法高分辨率ＣＴ扫描，显示视神经管内壁骨折６６例，内、上壁骨折１１例，上壁骨折３例，粉碎骨折５例，伴有邻近眶壁或蝶窦骨折７１例。视神经管骨折容易造成失明，因此外伤失明的患者早期行ＣＴ检查，对临床诊断及选择治疗方案具有指导意义     

螺旋CT扫描立体成像对眼眶爆裂骨折的诊断价值

目的 分析眼眶爆裂骨折螺旋CT（SCT）容积扫描的表现,旨在对本病作出早期诊断。资料与方法 回顾性分析80例眼眶爆裂骨折的SCT轴位扫描图像以及多平面重建（MPR）和三维（3D）重建立体图像的CT表现。并根据CT征象将其分为3型：（1）单眶壁爆裂骨折;（2）双眶壁爆裂骨折;（3）混合型骨折（并发其他面部直接骨折的爆裂骨折）。结果 眼眶爆裂骨折的直接SCT征象为眶壁骨质连续性中断、粉碎、凹陷及曲度失常;上颌窦和筛窦内“泪滴征”是诊断眼眶下壁和内侧壁爆裂骨折的特异性间接征象。由于骨折局部往往伴有软组织增厚及眼外肌的改变,所以对早期诊断、选择治疗方法、估计预后及法医学鉴定可提供更多的信息。结论 SCT容积扫描立体成像对诊断眼眶爆裂骨折具有重要价值。     

肺癌性淋巴管播散的CT表现

分析肺癌性淋巴管播散的CT表现，讨论诊断与鉴别诊断以及CT检查对本病的诊断价值。材料和方法：分析问例肺癌性淋巴管播散的有关资料，原发灶12例是肺癌，正例原发灶不明。且11例有常规CT扫描，其中8例加作高分辨率CT（HRCT）扫描：另2例单作HRCT检查。结果：10例有支气管血管束增厚，大部分呈边缘不规则状。9例显现多为均匀的小叶间隔增厚。胸膜病变有叶间胸膜增厚（8例）、胸膜结节（3例）、胸水（4例）。心包积液4例。9例有胸内淋巴结肿大，其中7例累及肺门淋巴结。结论：常规CT加HRCT能清晰显示肺癌性淋巴管播散的影像学表现而有利于正确诊断。考虑到的鉴别诊断有胸部结节病、间质性肺水肿。     

爆裂骨折诊治之研究

作者对10例经X线平片和高分辨力CT确诊的眶内壁骨折进行了观察。从鼻根部到眼眶漏斗部行冠状面CT扫描,间距5mm,层厚2mm,以能显示眼眶壁骨折线为条件。观察骨折的形态和眼外肌的形态时,选择眼球最大径层面。眶底骨折为底型;筛板骨折为内壁型;眶底和筛板骨折为底-内壁型。按范围分类:眼眶底或筛板几乎完全骨折为完全型;骨折部位在1/2以下为部分型;游离骨片与眼眶壁不连续为不连续型;骨折片一端和眼眶壁连续的为翅起型;骨折片远端向内侧、外侧、上方或下方为冠状型。判定与骨折相邻的眼外肌是否与骨片     

CT在机械性眼外伤中的应用价值

目的：探讨CT在机械性眼外伤中的应用价值。方法：使用Somatom CR型CT机对75例机械性眼外伤患者进行横断位、冠状位扫描,采用骨窗和软组织窗对CT图像进行分析。结果：75例中框壁骨折64例,眼球缩小或变形3例,眼环不连续3例,玻璃体积血4例,晶状体脱出2例,球后血肿7例,外伤性白内障2例,视神经增粗7例,眼外肌增粗、移位17例,球内异物2例,眶内积气28例。结论：CT检查可较全面地观察机械性眼外伤后眼眶及内容物的损伤情况,为临床处理提供重要依据。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.