蘑菇伞型堵闭器在小儿动脉导管堵闭术中的临床应用

目的　评价一种新的小儿动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ） 堵闭装置———自动扩张蘑菇伞形（Ａｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒ）堵闭器的临床应用价值。方法　４９ 例ＰＤＡ 患儿（ 男２１ 例,女２８ 例）,平均年龄３－４ 岁（０－３～１２ 岁） ,体重平均１２－４ ｋｇ（４－５ ～２３－４ ｋｇ） ;ＰＤＡ 大小平均为３－５ ｍｍ（２－１～７－１ ｍｍ）,均用直径为６ ～１０ ｍｍ 的堵闭器进行堵闭。结果　４９ 例患儿均一次堵闭成功,术后２４ 小时彩色多普勒超声心动图检查仅２ 例有少量残余分流。平均手术时间为４２－０ 分钟（３３～５０ 分钟）,平均Ｘ线透视时间为６－５分钟（５～８ 分钟） 。随诊过程中无一例出现任何并发症。结论　采用蘑菇伞形动脉导管堵闭器堵闭ＰＤＡ是一种疗效好、安全、操作简单、适应症范围广的新方法。     

经导管弹簧圈堵闭治疗小儿动脉导管未闭

目的评价经导管弹簧圈堵闭小儿动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的效果。方法１９９７年１月～１０月堵闭治疗２５例ＰＤＡ患儿，年龄１５～１４０岁，平均６８±２７岁；体重１０～３７ｋｇ，平均１９７±７９ｋｇ。ＰＤＡ最窄处直径１３～２８ｍｍ，ＰＤＡ长度５０～１０９ｍｍ；形态有短管型、长管型、漏斗型。采用美国Ｃｏｏｋ公司生产的３种弹簧圈堵闭ＰＤＡ。结果成功率为１００％，术后心血管造影显示，８０％（２０／２５）患儿有极少量残余分流，术后２４小时彩超复查仅有２例有少量残余分流，术后１个月彩超复查无一例有残余分流。结论经导管弹簧圈堵闭小儿ＰＤＡ，是较安全且创伤小的非开胸方法，适用于婴幼儿，特别是ＰＤＡ最窄处直径在３ｍｍ以内的患儿     

应用经导管动脉导管双面伞器堵闭术治疗动脉导管未闭12例

１９９４年５～６月使用Ｒａｓｈｋｉｎｄ动脉导管堵闭系统治疗１２例动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）患儿。年龄４．５～１０岁，平均５．８岁。体重１２．５～２６．５ｋｇ，平均１８．３ｋｇ。漏斗型１０例，管型２例。ＰＤＡ最窄处内经２．２～４．９ｍｍ，平均３．９ｍｍ。１２例堵闭术均一次成功。术后用彩色多普勒超声心动图随诊，术后第２天４例有少量残余分流，术后１个月仅３例有少量残余分流，无一例有并发症。提示该方法Ｐｏｒｓ－ｍａｎｎ有适应证范围广，创伤小，安全有效，成功率高的优点。     

应用可回收与非回收弹簧圈装置堵塞动脉导管未闭的比较

目的比较应用可回收（ｄｅｔａｃｈａｂｌｅｃｏｉｌ）与非回收弹簧圈（ｎｏｎｄｅｔａｃｈａｂｌｅｃｏｉｌ）堵塞动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的效果，并探讨影响效果的因素。方法经导管堵塞１８例ＰＤＡ患儿，男４例，女１４例；年龄３～１２岁。ＰＤＡ最狭窄处直径为１．２～３．６ｍｍ（平均２．３ｍｍ）。其中３例ＰＤＡ外科结扎后再通，１例ＰＤＡ伴肺动脉瓣狭窄。结果１８例患儿中７例应用非回收弹簧圈堵塞法，其中５例获成功；１１例应用可回收弹簧圈装置，堵塞均获成功，其中９例应用双圆锥形弹簧圈，另２例采用Ｃｏｏｋ可回收弹簧圈。彩色多普勒显示９例堵塞术２４小时后无分流，２例随访发现极少量分流。结论应用可回收弹簧圈堵塞ＰＤＡ，其效果优于非回收弹簧圈；可适用未经手术及外科结扎后再通的ＰＤＡ患儿。该法简便、有效、安全、并发症少，为堵塞中小型（直径≤３．５ｍｍ）ＰＤＡ值得推荐的方法     

先天性主动脉缩窄球囊扩张术后疗效的探讨

报告１５例先天性主动脉缩窄球囊扩张术后的疗效，男１０例，女５例；年龄６．７±２．９岁。１４例为未经外科手术的先天性主动脉缩窄，其中１０例为局限性，４例为主动脉弓发育不良型，另１例为外科手术后再狭窄。采用的球囊平均直径１０．５±２．６ｍｍ，为缩窄区直径的２．７±０．６倍。术后平均压差（ΔＰ）由７．３±１．８ｋＰａ（５４．８±１３．５ｍｍＨｇ，１ｋＰａ＝７．５ｍｍＨｇ）降至２．３±２．１ｋＰａ，缩窄区直径由３．８±１．１ｍｍ扩大至８．４±２．５ｍｍ。１０例局限性主动脉缩窄及１例外科手术后再狭窄术后ΔＰ≤２．７ｋＰａ，术后平均随访５．６年，９０％病例ΔＰ仍持续下降，造影随访未见动脉瘤发生。４例发育不良型术后ΔＰ＞２．７ｋＰａ，３例进行外科手术。认为球囊扩张术对局限性及外科手术后主动脉缩窄是安全、有效的治疗方法。     

经导管非开胸法关闭房间隔缺损15例报告

为探讨先天性心脏病房间隔缺损（ＡＳＤ）的非开胸疗法，采用经导管纽扣式补片对１５例ＡＳＤ患儿进行关闭治疗及随诊研究。患儿年龄２．５～１４．０岁，平均７．５岁；体重１１～３９ｋｇ，平均２０ｋｇ。采用彩色多普勒超声心动图（ＣＤＦＩ）、右上肺静脉造影及球囊三者结合测量来确定ＡＳＤ最大伸展直径。选择大于所测直径的２．０～２．５倍补片和相应长鞘。结果，１３例关闭成功（８７％），２例由于房间隔呈半弧圆形或不规则型，撤除补片改行外科手术治疗。１３例成功者，术后第２天残余分流５例（３８％），随诊１～１２个月残余分流下降为２例（１６％），１例有轻度二尖瓣关闭不全。提示，经导管纽扣式补片关闭ＡＳＤ的方法既简便、安全，又疗效佳，但有一定局限性，尚待进一步改进和完善。     

全肺静脉异位回流的外科治疗：附21例报告

报告手术治疗２１例小儿全肺静脉异位回流，年龄６个月－１４岁（平均６．７岁）；体４．９－３０ｋｇ（平均１５．８ｋｇ）。３周岁１０ｋｇ以下的婴幼儿５例。心上型１０例，心内型８例，混合型３例。手术死亡３例，手术死亡率为１４．３％。本文介绍了根据不同病变类型的各种手术方法，并就吻合口大小、术前肺动脉高压、术后心律失常、术后吻合口狭窄等问题进行了讨论。     

环孢素A联合SSL方案治疗重型再生障碍性贫血

随着近年对再生障碍性贫血发病机制的深入研究,治疗方法也有改进,尤其应用多种免疫抑制剂治疗再障疗效明显。我们自１９９６年１月至２０００年１月应用口服环抱素Ａ联合ＳＳＬ方案治疗重型再障 １５例。现将其结果报告如下： 临床资料 一、一般资料２５例随机分为两组,联合治疗组１５例,男８例,女７例,年龄１．５岁至１２岁,平均 ６.５岁,其中重型再障 Ⅰ型（ＳＡＡ－１）１２例,重型再障Ⅱ（ＳＡＡ－Ⅲ）３例。对照组 １０例,男６例,女４例,年龄２岁至１１岁,平均７岁,其中重型再障Ⅰ型８例,重型再障Ⅱ型２例。 二、治疗方…     

血细胞分离机在小儿血液病治疗中的应用

应用血液细胞分离机治疗小儿血液病,具有年龄小、静脉细、血容量低的难点。我们尝试用ＣＳ３０００ｐｌｕｓ血细胞分离机对１０例血液病患儿进行治疗,报告如下。对象：１９９７年８月～１９９８年５月,本院１０例患儿,男８例、女２例;平均年龄７－４岁（３～１２岁）;体重１３～２８ｋｇ,平均１８ｋｇ。疾病类型和治疗方式：（１）去除白血病细胞：共６例,其中５例为急性白血病初发患儿（Ｍ２１例、Ｍ１１例、ＡＬＬ３例）;另１例为慢性粒细胞性白血病。采集前,６例患儿白细胞总数在（１３０～２４０）×１０９／Ｌ。（２）采集外…     

全反式维甲酸诱导分化治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病中药物的应用

全反式维甲酸（ＡＴＲＡ）诱导治疗急性早幼粒细胞性白血病（ＡＰＬ）安全高效,完全缓解率达６４％～９６％,但ＡＴＲＡ能导致高白细胞血症,发生率为７．７％～４０％。同时予化疗能降低白血病细胞负荷,现将我科６例ＡＰＬ治疗体会报道如下。 资料与方法 一、资料 ６例均系门诊或住院病人,其中男４例,女２例,＜６岁２例,７～８岁３例,９岁１例,病程１～３个月,均为初治病人。所有病例均经外周血及骨髓象检查,符合实用儿科学诊断标准。 二、方法 ６例确诊后即给 ＡＴＲＡ１～１．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ,分３次口服。３例未加化疗药,…     

Amplatzer蘑菇伞治疗动脉导管未闭疗效观察及方法学再探讨

为进一步探讨Amplatzer动脉导管未闭堵塞器治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA)的方法及疗效 ,于1998年8月～2001年12月应用Amplatzer堵塞器治疗PDA患儿210例 ,年龄4.5±2.8岁(0.6～12岁) ,PDA平均最小直径3.89±1.32mm(1.6～6.9mm),堵塞器直径比PDA最小直径大2.5～6mm ,伴肺动脉高压者选用的堵塞器相对较大。在舒张期多次测量PDA直径 ,如左侧位主动脉造影不能清晰显示PDA ,加做右前斜位主动脉造影。堵塞术后行彩色多普勒随访。结果显示 ,所有PDA临床关闭(听诊无杂音) ,出院时达100 % ,超声彩色多普勒检查在出院时无分流达98.6 % ,堵塞术后3月达100% ;超声多普勒随访发现左肺动脉流速在1.5～1.7m/s间6例 ,都为小于1岁婴儿并伴有肺动脉高压 ,且堵塞器直径大于PDA直径3.5mm以上 ;未发生溶血、堵塞器脱落或堵塞器断裂、PDA再通、血栓栓塞、心内膜炎、主动脉狭窄等。提示AmplatzerPDA堵塞器可安全有效地应用于直径1.6mm以上的PDA ,但应避免医源性左肺动脉狭窄     

Percutaneous Closure of a Moderate to Large Tubular or Elongated Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Children Younger Than 3 Years: Is the ADO II Appropriate?

Protrusion of the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) II device into the aortic isthmus or the pulmonary artery causing obstruction and residual flow has been reported, but the same has not been widely studied in small children with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) anatomy not considered suitable for closure with the ADO I device. This study aimed to report the safety and efficacy of the ADO II device in children younger than 3 years with a tubular or elongated PDA and to analyze the possible reasons for residual flow in children with such a PDA. In this study, 17 children younger than 3 years (mean age, 10.3 ± 7 months; mean weight, 6 ± 3.6 kg) underwent attempted closure of a tubular or elongated PDA (mean diameter at the narrowest point, 4.1 ± 1.1 mm) with the ADO II device between July 2010 and July 2012. Of the 17 patients, 16 (2 boys and 14 girls) completed the follow-up evaluation. A complete echocardiographic evaluation was performed on all the patients before PDA closure and at the follow-up visit, and the results were compared with those of previous published studies. Of the 16 patients, the 15 who completed the follow-up evaluation had successful device closure (1 device embolization). Residual flow was present in six patients immediately after deployment, which was reduced to three patients at the last follow-up visit. Five of nine patients closed with a 6-mm-long device had residual flow compared with only one of seven patients closed with a 4-mm-long device. After device closure, significant elevations of the left and right pulmonary artery velocities occurred in three and two patients, respectively; in 12 patients, descending thoracic aortic (DTA) velocities increased mildly. There was trend toward a fall in the elevated pressures at the last follow-up visit, although one patient had an elevation in right pulmonary artery velocity at last the follow-up echocardiogram compared with the echocardiogram immediately after closure. Hence, in children younger than 3 years with or without pulmonary arterial hypertension, closure of a PDA not amenable to closure with the ADO I device is feasible using the ADO II device, with an increased incidence of clinically nonsignificant complications. Selection of device dimensions according to the manufacturer’s recommendation may not be the optimal strategy.     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭临床评价

目的采用Amplatzer堵闭器(ADO)治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA),评价其疗效及并发症。方法31例患儿,男12例,女19例,年龄1~19岁,平均7.5岁,体质量4.6~50.0 kg,平均20.5 kg。超声心动图(UCG)测PDA直径2.0~10.6 mm,平均5.8 mm。采用直径4~12 mm、平均7.6 mm,较PDA直径大0.8~5.5 mm、平均2.9 mm的ADO进行封堵。术后48 h1、、3、6个月、1年行UCG复查。结果1例PDA造影直径0.67 mm,因无合适ADO而放弃。失败2例,成功植入ADO 28例(93.3%)。术后造影即刻完全封堵22例(78.6%),4例(14.3%)有微量分流,2例(7.1%)有少量分流。48 h UCG复查均无残余分流。随访1年全组未出现心脏感染、溶血、封堵器脱落,ADO突入降主动脉(DAO)引起DAO轻度狭窄3例,ADO突入左肺动脉(LPA)引起LPA轻度狭窄1例。结论应用ADO治疗PDA安全可靠,但要注意封堵器对DAO和LPA的影响,以避免造成大血管狭窄。     

Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Among Native High-Altitude Habitants

Increased prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at high altitude (HA) is a known occurrence. Transcatheter treatment of patients with PDA living at a HA is assessed in this study. Thirteen consecutive patients (all habitants of La Paz, Bolivia) underwent transcatheter closure of PDA. The minimal diameter of PDA was 5.8 (1.5–11) mm and the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 37 (7–80) mm Hg. In 12 patients, the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) was used; in one child with PDA with a 1.5-mm diameter, a detachable coil was implanted. All procedures, except for one, were completed successfully. The ADO (diameter: 12/10 mm) implantation failed in one child with pulmonary hypertension because the device could not be properly secured in position in a 6-mm PDA. Subsequent surgery was performed without any complications. No residual shunt after 24 h was observed in any case after treatment. No complications were encountered during the procedure and follow-up of 1.5 (from 0.1 to 2.8) years. PDA in native residents of high land have different physiopathologies and anatomies. ADO appears to be a suitable device for transcatheter occlusion for most such patients. Interventional cardiology in countries with residents at high altitudes can be helpful in addressing this issue.     

经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗小儿动脉导管未闭的随访结果

目的总结经导管Amplatzer封堵器(Amplatzerductoccluder,ADO)治疗小儿动脉导管未闭(patentductusarteriosus,PDA)的远期随访结果,进一步评价应用ADO治疗小儿PDA远期疗效和安全性。方法对1998年4月至2003年12月间接受ADO封堵术的PDA患儿进行回顾性队列研究。结果共有250例PDA患儿接受ADO封堵术,平均年龄5.3(3个月～16岁)岁,平均体重15.1(3.5～35.0)kg。PDA最窄处直径在1.8～11.0mm之间,平均(4.2±1.5)mm,其中52例(20.0%)直径超过5mm。PDA均应用4～14mm大小的ADO进行封堵,输送长鞘为6F(205例)或7F(45例)。250例中,ADO成功植入245例(98.0%)。Qp/Qs从1.90±0.60降至1.03±0.21(P<0.05)。不同形状的PDA均可应用ADO进行封堵。近期并发症5例,其中溶血3例,股动脉血栓2例,无死亡病例。共有205例在堵闭术后完成1天～60个月的随访,随访率为82.0%。残余分流率在不同随访时间点分别为9.2%(1天)、2.8%(1个月)、1.2%(6个月)、0.8%(12个月)、0(24个月)、0(36个月)、0(48个月)、0(60个月)。5例(2.0%)随访中因残余分流出现溶血或无溶血需要再次接受治疗,随访1年和5年无事件发生率为98.0%。结论应用ADO治疗小儿PDA远期疗效确切,安全性好。     

Transcatheter Closure of a Large Patent Ductus Arteriosus in a Young Child Using the Amplatzer Duct Occluder

The Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) provides a safe and effective therapy for patients with moderate- to large-sized patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), but there have been few reports of transcatheter closure of very large PDAs in young children and infants. We report a successful transcatheter closure of a very large PDA, 10.5 mm in diameter at the narrowest point, with a 14/12-mm ADO. To our knowledge, this is the largest PDA ever closed by an interventional method in such a young child.     

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus: complementary use of detachable Cook patent ductus arteriosus coils and Amplatzer duct occluders

 Several different devices were evaluated for the percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and important drawbacks were found in all of them. To overcome these drawbacks, both detachable Cook PDA coils and Amplatzer duct occluders (ADO) were used for the percutaneous closure of PDA. A total of 54 patients underwent transcatheter occlusion of PDA at a median age of 4.5 years (range 0.5–29 years) and at a median weight of 19.5 kg (range 6–69 kg). Three patients were adults. Detachable Cook PDA coils were used in 26 patients with a median PDA diameter of 1.7 mm (range 1.1–2.2 mm) and ADO were used in 28 patients with a median PDA diameter of 3.8 mm (range 1.9–7.5 mm). Devices were successfully implanted in all 54 patients. Complete closure was achieved in 53 of 54 patients (98% closure rate). Median fluoroscopy time was 12 min (range 4–47 min). Conclusion According to our experience, the complementary use of detachable Cook patent ductus arteriosus coils and Amplatzer duct occluders for the percutaneous closure of PDA can be recommended. Received: 12 November 1998 and in revised form: 2 June 1999 / Accepted: 13 July 1999     

Trans-catheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in childhood--an alternative to surgical ligature]

Transcatheter closure of a persistently patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was successfully performed in four children using a Rashkind double disk umbrella device. Mean age was 5.1 +/- 1.5 (2.8 to 6.3 years) and weight 18.8 +/- 3.8 kg (14.1 to 22.3 kg). In all children the PDA was the only cardiac lesion and was diagnosed clinically and by means of continuous wave and color-coded doppler echocardiography. After angiographic measurement of PDA size the correlating device was implanted. The ductus was closed immediately in two children, whereas there was a residual angiographic shunt in the others. Echocardiography performed within 24 hours showed a minimal shunt only in one of these cases. The shunt had disappeared at the one month follow up study. We experienced none of the reported possible complications. Transcatheter closure of the PDA after the neonatal period seems to be a safe and effective alternative to surgical ligation as our early experience shows, and should become the procedure of first choice in these patients.     

儿童继发孔型房间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的　探讨儿童继发孔型房间隔缺损 (atrialseptaldefect ,ASD)封堵术的指征、方法学和并发症的预防。方法　 1998年 10月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月 ,119例继发孔型ASD患儿 ,根据家属意愿接受了经导管应用Amplatzer房间隔封堵器的介入治疗。年龄 0 8～ 17 0岁 ,平均 ( 7 5± 2 8)岁 ,体重6 7～ 88.0kg ,平均 ( 2 3 7± 7 8)kg。所有病例术前检查被证实均为继发孔型ASD。按ASD球囊伸展直径或大于 1～ 2mm选择封堵器进行堵塞。其中 3例为多发ASD。 6例合并动脉导管未闭 ( patentductusarteriosus,PDA)或肺动脉瓣狭窄 ( pulmonarystenosis ,PS)者应用其他封堵装置和球囊扩张治疗合并的畸形。术后定期行心脏超声及临床检查随访。结果　 119例患儿术前经食道超声(transesophagealechocardiography ,TEE)或经胸超声 (trans thoracicechocardiography ,TTE)检测ASD平均直径 ( 12 9± 5 6 )mm ( 6 5～ 34 5mm ) ,肺动脉平均压力为 ( 2 9 0± 5 0 )mmHg( 2 5 0～ 6 2 0mmHg) ,球囊伸展直径为 ( 15 7± 4 8)mm( 8 0～ 38 0mm)。所选封堵器直径平均为 ( 15 0± 5 0 )mm( 8 0～ 38 0mm)。 112例封堵成功。 3例多发ASD也选用单一封堵器。 6例合并PDA或PS者同时完成介入治疗。 112例堵塞后即刻封堵率为 93 8% ( 1