酱腌菜中苯甲酸、山梨酸含量的检测结果分析

目的:了解我市酱腌菜中防腐剂的使用情况,加强食品添加剂的监测。方法:按GB/T5009.29-2003食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸的测定方法进行定量测定。结果:以GB2760-2007酱腌菜中苯甲酸,山梨酸标准进行评价,检出率为65%,超标率为30%。结论:我市酱腌菜中防腐剂的使用较为广泛,有的厂家超量使用防腐剂情况令人担忧,今后更需加强监督监测,以确保广大消费者的健康和安全。     

连云港市售奶茶及含乳饮料中7种常见食品添加剂含量调查

目的 了解连云港市售奶茶及含乳饮料等液体饮品中7种常见食品添加剂使用情况。方法 随机选取连云港市10家饮品店和9家商业超市中现制奶茶、含乳饮料81份样品,按照相关国标检测防腐剂(苯甲酸、山梨酸)、甜味剂[糖精钠、阿力甜、阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾(安赛蜜)、环己基氨基磺酸钠(甜蜜素)]的含量并进行评价。结果 苯甲酸、山梨酸、阿力甜、阿斯巴甜、安赛蜜、甜蜜素均有检出,但含量均未超标;5份现制奶茶样品中检出了糖精钠,违规使用率为6.17%(5/81)。检出率以山梨酸最高(64.20%),不同检测项目检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=89.87,P<0.05)。除安赛蜜含乳饮料中检出率高于奶茶,差异有统计学意义(χ²=11.27,P<0.05),其他添加剂奶茶中检出率均高于含乳饮料,其中苯甲酸、山梨酸、阿力甜检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为8.11、27.90、5.50,P值均<0.05)。防腐剂叠加使用占30.51%,甜味剂叠加使用占53.95%,1份奶茶中甜味剂叠加使用比例之和>1。结论 连云港市售现...     

增城市蜜饯食品中添加剂含量调查分析

目的了解增城市市售蜜饯食品中的添加剂使用情况,为加强卫生监督管理提供依据。方法采用随机抽样方法对增城市辖区内超市、糖果批发店及糖果零售摊档抽检不同品种的蜜饯食品,样品均按照国家标准规定的方法检测糖精钠、甜蜜素(环己基氨基磺酸钠)、苯甲酸及山梨酸含量等指标,并进行结果评价。结果共检测259份样品,添加剂总超标率为25.48%,其中糖精钠、甜蜜素、苯甲酸及山梨酸含量超标率分别为21.62%、8.11%、15.44%、3.86%。不同品种蜜饯食品添加剂的总超标率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖果批发和零售摊档所销售的蜜饯食品添加剂的超标率较超市高(P<0.01)。结论增城市蜜饯食品中添加剂使用以糖精钠、苯甲酸及甜蜜素为主,应进一步加强对该类食品的卫生监督管理。     

南阳市卧龙区市售酱油中苯甲酸、山梨酸含量调查

目的了解南阳市卧龙区市售酱油中防腐剂苯甲酸、山梨酸的含量。方法按照GB/T5009.29-2003食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸的测定方法。结果随机抽检的30份酱油样品,苯甲酸的含量在0.000 g/kg~0.91g/kg之间,平均残留量为0.52 g/kg,检出27份,检出率90.00%;山梨酸含量在0.00 g/kg~0.55 g/kg之间,平均残留量为0.34 g/kg,检出12份,检出率40.00%。结论酱油中防腐剂使用比较普遍,特别是苯甲酸,检出率较高,但是含量较低,不超标。     

2016年宜宾市特色食品中食品添加剂监测分析

目的了解宜宾市特色食品中食品添加剂的使用情况。方法 2016年在宜宾市采集了5大类105份特色食品样品,按照国家标准方法,进行食品添加剂指标的检测。结果月饼中铝、山梨酸、甜蜜素和食醋的山梨酸、苯甲酸均未超标;腌渍蔬菜中苯甲酸、山梨酸和甜蜜素超标率均为15.00%,二氧化硫超标率为20.00%;粉丝粉条中铝超标率为6.67%;腌腊肉制品中亚硝酸盐超标率为20.00%;干制笋类和干制菌类中二氧化硫超标率均为93.33%。结论宜宾市市场销售的部分特色食品中食品添加剂存在超标,应加强监管,保障消费者健康,确保食品安全。     

酱腌菜中苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠含量调查

目的分析市售部分酱腌菜中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠的含量,调查酱腌菜中主要食品添加剂的使用情况和污染状况。方法采用高效液相色谱法对135批酱腌菜中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠进行检测,依据GB 2760—2014《食品添加剂使用标准》对调查数据进行判定分析。结果苯甲酸、糖精钠和山梨酸检出率分别为86.66%、97.82%和29.03%,其中苯甲酸的合格率为75.55%,而糖精钠的合格率仅为13.33%。结论从酱腌菜的种类来说,糖蒜的苯甲酸和糖精钠超标率都较高,相关部门应加强监管并提出有效的预防措施。     

2012—2014年中国葡萄酒中食品添加剂使用状况

目的了解2012—2014年中国葡萄酒中甜味剂、防腐剂和着色剂等11种食品添加剂使用状况和监管效果。方法从全国采集葡萄酒4538份,其中餐饮环节105份,流通环节4415份,生产加工环节18份。按照GB 5009.28—2003、GB5009.29—2003、GB 5009.35—2003和GB 5009.97—2003方法检测11种食品添加剂含量。结果葡萄酒中苯甲酸和山梨酸的超标率分别为3.26%和2.78%,甜味剂中甜蜜素、糖精钠和安赛蜜的检出率分别为11.84%、12.38%和10.79%;着色剂中的苋菜红、胭脂红、诱惑红、赤藓红、柠檬黄和日落黄的检出率分别为12.72%、5.76%、4.14%、1.43%、6.26%和4.97%。结论葡萄酒中防腐剂、甜味剂和着色剂存在超范围和超限量使用现象,但是问题逐年减少。     

2003年济南市部分月饼中防腐剂检测结果分析

[目的]了解济南市月饼中防腐剂的使用状况，促进卫生监督工作。[方法]2003年抽取济南市30家月饼生产企业的43份月饼，检测苯甲酸、山梨酸的含量。[结果]43份月饼中37份检出防腐剂，检出率为86．05％。其中9份检出苯甲酸，7份检出山梨酸，21份检出山梨酸和检出苯甲酸，检出山梨酸的28份均未超过标准。[结论]济南市月饼中防腐剂的使用较为普遍，部分超范围使用了苯甲酸。     

2016年义乌市学校周边现做饮料中甜味剂和防腐剂监测结果分析

目的 了解义乌市学校周边现做饮料中添加剂的使用情况,为监管部门制定防治措施提供科学依据。 方法 按照《2016年国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》规定方法进行测定添加剂含量,卫生学评价标准为GB 2760-2014《国家食品安全地方标准食品添加剂使用标准》。 结果 160份样品中甜味剂检出率43.13%,其中现榨果蔬汁60.29%,其它现做饮料为30.43%,二者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。现榨果蔬汁中糖精钠(35.29%)、安赛蜜(19.11%)的检出率均显著高于现配饮料(19.56%和4.34%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而二者糖精钠、安赛蜜和甜蜜素含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。现做饮料防腐剂检出率41.25%,其中现榨果蔬汁检出率39.70%,其它饮料为42.39%, 二者苯甲酸和山梨酸含量差异无统计学意义。现榨果蔬汁共抽检68份,其中糖精钠超标24份,安赛蜜超标13份,甜蜜素超标4份,苯甲酸超标12份,山梨酸超标15份,合计超标33份(以一项以上超标计),超标率48.53%(33/68),其它现做饮料无超标;现榨果蔬汁和其它现做饮料复合添加率分别为30.88%、22.82%。 结论 2016年义乌市学校周边现榨果蔬汁类饮料甜味剂和防腐剂超标较严重,其它现做饮料检出率较高,复合添加现象普遍,必须加强监督管理。     

食品中苯甲酸和山梨酸的检测结果分析

苯甲酸及其盐类（简称苯甲酸）、山梨酸及其盐类（简称山梨酸）是目前最常使用的食品防腐剂，二者皆属于酸型防腐剂。苯甲酸属低毒防腐剂，ADI值0-5mg／kg，是一种相对安全的防腐剂，但自1980年发现其对机体有致突变作用后，有的国家已部分限制使用。山梨酸是防腐剂中对人体毒害最小的防腐剂，目前世界上所有国家都允许使用。尽管如此，但如被滥用，仍会对消费者的健康构成较大威胁。现对平阳县2003～2005年食品中苯甲酸、山梨酸的检测情况进行分析，报告如下。     

Tuberculosis in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the 1990s

The characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) cases and deaths were analyzed in order to characterize the epidemiological profile of TB (incidence and mortality) in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the 1990s. Annual incidence and mortality rates were calculated by gender, age bracket, and clinical forms of the disease using databases from the Tuberculosis Information System of the Bahia State Health Secretariat and the Mortality Information System of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. TB spatial distribution was analyzed according to health district. Cases and deaths were predominantly in males in the 15 to 39 year group. The pulmonary form showed the highest incidence and mortality. The existing data did not corroborate the hypothesis that AIDS/TB co-infection might contribute to maintaining the high mortality rates. The greater occurrence of tuberculosis in certain health districts may be associated with population density and unfavorable living conditions.     

Arsenic,cadmium, cobalt,copper, lead,mercury, molybdenum,selenium and zinc concentrations in liver,kidney and muscle in Australian sheep

Matched muscle, liver and kidney samples from 152 sheep in different states of Australia were analysed for trace elements. Mean levels found in muscle, livers and kidneys were 0.010, 0.010 and 0.011 mg kg⁻¹ (fresh weight) for arsenic; 0.0035, 0.280 and 0.853 mg kg⁻¹ for cadmium; 0.006, 0.060 and 0.044 mg kg⁻¹ for cobalt; 0.74, 66.0 and 2.72 mg kg⁻¹ for copper; 0.007, 0.040 and 0.057 mg kg⁻¹ for lead; 0.0025, 0.0034 and 0.0061 mg kg⁻¹ for mercury; 0.014, 1.05 and 0.44 mg kg⁻¹ for molybdenum; 0.09, 0.31 and 0.95 mg kg⁻¹ for selenium; and 40.4, 37.2 and 20.8 mg kg⁻¹ for zinc. The lead, mercury and arsenic concentrations in meat and organs may be regarded as low, but the concentrations of cadmium in kidney and livers are sometimes relatively high. Apart from cadmium, lead and selenium, tissue trace element concentrations were not related to the age of the investigated animals. Differences in essential and non-essential trace element accumulation in sheep reared in different regions (states and territories) of Australia were also evaluated. Cadmium, lead and selenium were the only elements that appeared to show significant regional differences. Overall the results show that concentrations of the elements considered are within current acceptable ranges.     

Homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and cardiovascular risk in Indians, Malays, and Chinese in Singapore

OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Indians (South Asians) compared with Malays and Chinese is partly attributable to differences in blood concentrations of homocysteine, and related blood concentrations of folate and vitamin B12. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of the general population. SETTING: Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 726 fasting subjects aged 30 to 69 years. MAIN RESULTS: Mean plasma total homocysteine concentrations did not show significant ethnic differences; values were Indians (men 16.2 and women 11.5 mumol/l), Malays (men 15.0 and women 12.5 mumol/l), and Chinese (men 15.3 and women 12.2 mumol/l). Similarly, the proportions with high plasma homocysteine (> 14.0 mumol/l) showed no important ethnic differences being, Indians (men 60.0 and women 21.9%), Malays (men 53.9 and women 37.8%), and Chinese (men 56.6 and women 30.6%). Mean plasma folate concentrations were lower in Indians (men 8.7 and women 10.9 nmol/l) and Malays (men 8.5 and women 10.8 nmol/l), than Chinese (men 9.7 and women 13.8 nmol/l). Similarly, the proportions with low plasma folate (< 6.8 nmol/l) were higher in Indians (men 44.9 and women 36.6%) and Malays (men 45.3 and women 24.5%) than Chinese (men 31.4 and women 12.6%). Mean plasma vitamin B12 concentrations were lowest in Indians (men 352.5 and women 350.7 pmol/l), then Chinese (men 371.1 and women 373.7 pmol/l), and then Malays (men 430.5 and women 486.0 pmol/l). CONCLUSION: While there were ethnic differences for plasma folate and vitamin B12 (in particular lower levels in Indians), there was no evidence that homocysteine plays any part in the differential ethnic risk from CHD in Singapore and in particular the increased susceptibility of Indians to the disease.     

Vitamins, selenium, iron, and coronary heart disease risk in Indians, Malays, and Chinese in Singapore

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that the higher rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Indians (South Asians) compared with Malays and Chinese is partly because of differences in antioxidants (vitamins A, C, and E, and selenium) and pro-oxidants (iron). DESIGN: Cross sectional study of the general population. SETTING: Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: Random sample of 941 persons aged 30 to 69 years. MAIN RESULTS: There were moderate correlations between vitamin A and vitamin E, and between these vitamins and selenium. Mean plasma vitamins A and E were similar by ethnic group. Vitamin A concentration for Indians were (men 0.66 and women 0.51 mg/l), Malays (men 0.67 and women 0.54 mg/l), and Chinese (men 0.68 and women 0.52 mg/l). Vitamin E concentrations for Indians were (men 12.9 and women 12.8 mg/l), Malays (men 13.6 and women 13.3 mg/l), and Chinese (men 12.6 and women 12.6 mg/l). In contrast, mean plasma vitamin C concentrations were lower in Indians (men 5.7 and women 6.9 mg/l) and Malays (men 5.1 and women 6.4 mg/l) than Chinese (men 6.3 and women 8.4 mg/l). Mean serum selenium was lower in Indians (men 117 and women 115 micrograms/l) than Malays (men 122 and women 122 micrograms/l) and Chinese (men 126 and women 119 micrograms/l). Mean serum ferritin was much lower in Indians (men 132 and women 50 micrograms/l) than Malays (men 175 and women 85 micrograms/l) and Chinese (men 236 and women 92 micrograms/l). MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Lower vitamin C and selenium in Indians, particularly in combination, could play a part in their increased risk of CHD. Vitamins A and E, and ferritin (iron) have no such role. Lower vitamin C in Indians and Malays is probably because of its destruction by more prolonged cooking. In Indians, lower selenium is probably because of a lower dietary intake and the much lower ferritin to a lower dietary intake of iron and its binding by phytates.

 

     

Passive smoking in bars, restaurants, and discotheques in Florence, Italy

BACKGROUND: "Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) exposure in a sample of European cities" is the first European multicentre project intended to measure ETS exposure in public places in a number of European cities. OBJECTIVES: To present results of measurements of nicotine concentration in a number of bars, restaurants and discotheques in Florence, Italy. METHODS: The ETS marker was vapour-phase nicotine sampled by passive monitors. At least two monitors were placed in each of seven bars (five in hospitals; one at an airport; one at a railway station), and seven restaurants (three with smoking and non-smoking sections), and left in place for several days. In each of four discotheques two nicotine passive monitors were used as personal samplers. RESULTS: The average nicotine concentration in discotheques, restaurants and bars was respectively 26.78 micro/m3, 2.32 microg/m3 and 0.83 microg/m3. In the smoking section of restaurants with separated areas for smokers and non-smokers the average nicotine concentration was 2.54 microg/m3, which was similar to that measured in non-smoking sections (2.14 microg/m3).