球海绵体肌瓣重叠法阴道缩窄术治疗产后阴道松弛

目的：探讨一种有效的阴道缩窄整形术的方法。方法：经阴道口皮肤黏膜交界处切开．剥离阴道黏膜，分离出撕裂的球海绵体肌．形成肌瓣。将肌瓣折叠缝合，然后纵行缝合阴道黏膜，并形成阴道黏膜隆突。结果：本组11例患者均采用球海绵体肌重叠缝合法行阴道缩窄术，9例患者术后随访3个月至2年，夫妻性生活的质量均有明显提高，效果满意。结论：经此手术后可以矫正阴道松弛，提高患者性生活质量，效果确切。     

球海绵体肌瓣法矫治阴道松弛症探讨

目的:为寻找一种实用有效的治疗产后阴道松弛症的手术方法和临床效果。方法:采用自体阴道分离出撕裂的球海绵体,形成肌瓣。将肌瓣折叠缝合,纵形缝合阴道黏膜,使形成隆突,保留阴道黏膜,加固阴道后壁紧缩阴道腔的手术治疗方法。结果:本组30例患者创口均I期愈合,术后随访6个月至2年,性生活质量均有明显提高,效果较满意。结论:用自体阴道球海绵体肌瓣重叠法治疗阴道松弛症,能明显提高患者性生活质量,效果确切,方法简单,是一种治疗产后阴道松弛症简单有效的方法。     

球海绵体肌瓣重叠法阴道缩窄术治疗产后阴道松弛

目的探讨一种有效的阴道缩窄整形术的方法.方法经阴道口皮肤黏膜交界处切开,剥离阴道黏膜,分离出撕裂的球海绵体肌,形成肌瓣.将肌瓣折叠缝合,然后纵行缝合阴道黏膜,并形成阴道黏膜隆突.结果本组11例患者均采用球海绵体肌重叠缝合法行阴道缩窄术,9例患者术后随访3个月至2年,夫妻性生活的质量均有明显提高,效果满意.结论经此手术后可以矫正阴道松弛,提高患者性生活质量,效果确切.     

球海绵体肌法治疗产后阴道松弛症

目的：探讨一种实用有效的治疗产后阴道松弛症的方法和效果。方法：采用经阴道口后壁皮肤与粘膜交界处切开,剥离随访膜,分离出撕裂的球海绵体,形成肌瓣。将肌瓣折叠缝合,纵形缝合阴道粘膜,使形成隆突,保留阴道粘膜。结果：本组20例患者均采用球海绵体肌肌瓣重叠缝合法行阴道缩窄术。18例患者术后6个月～3年随访,性生活质量均有明显提高,效果较满意。结论：本术式可以治疗阴道松弛症,能明显提高患者性生活质量,效果确切,方法简单,是一种治疗产后阴道松弛症的较好方法。     

双环法阴道紧缩术

目的 介绍一种简单有效的阴道紧缩手术方法。方法 应用3—0丝线或可吸收线，对自觉阴道松弛的患者行黏膜下肌层内连续缝合，环状收缩打结，使阴道黏膜及肌层皱缩隆起，缩小阴道内腔。结果本组患者手术时间20～30min，平均25min。术中无明显出血、手术感染及直肠瘘的发生。术后阴道内无瘢痕。阴道后壁形成数条不规则皱襞。术后随访6个月，性生活较术前满意率达90．9％（10／11）。结论 双环法阴道紧缩术不损伤阴道黏膜，阴道内不遗留瘢痕，损伤小，并发症少，是改善阴道松弛患者性生活质量较为简单有效的方法。     

自体阴道瓣"桥"式缝合治疗阴道松弛20例

目的 寻找一种有效治疗阴道前壁松弛,减少尿失禁发生的方法.方法 采用自体阴道前壁瓣作材料,"桥"式缝合加固阴道前壁,缩窄阴道腔.结果 本组共20例患者,术后随访6～12个月,尿失禁明显改善,阴道缩紧,效果满意.结论 自体阴道瓣桥式缝合法可以矫正阴道松弛,提高患者性生活的质量,治疗女性压力性尿失禁,简单有效.     

双环法阴道紧缩术

目的介绍一种简单有效的阴道紧缩手术方法。方法应用3-0丝线或可吸收线,对自觉阴道松弛的患者行黏膜下肌层内连续缝合,环状收缩打结,使阴道黏膜及肌层皱缩隆起,缩小阴道内腔。结果本组患者手术时间20～30min,平均25min。术中无明显出血、手术感染及直肠瘘的发生,术后阴道内无瘢痕,阴道后壁形成数条不规则皱襞。术后随访6个月,性生活较术前满意率达90.9%(10/11)。结论双环法阴道紧缩术不损伤阴道黏膜,阴道内不遗留瘢痕,损伤小,并发症少,是改善阴道松弛患者性生活质量较为简单有效的方法。     

保留阴道黏膜阴道紧缩术97例报告

目的 介绍一种保留阴道黏膜的阴道紧缩术方法.方法 于阴道口处女膜痕外5 mm处行切口,不切除阴道黏膜,紧缩阴道侧后壁肌肉,连续褥式缝合剥离阴道黏膜及黏膜下组织,将保留的阴道黏膜及黏膜下组织突入阴道.结果 本组共97例患者,术后随访3个月至6年,均感术后性生活满意,效果良好.结论 该手术方法操作简单,疗效确切、可靠,值得临床推广应用.     

单侧阴股沟组织瓣修复低位直肠阴道瘘八例及文献复习

目的探讨阴股沟组织瓣修复低位直肠阴道瘘的临床效果。方法自2018年1月至2019年12月中国医学科学院北京协和医学院整形外科医院妇科整形中心对8例直肠阴道瘘患者行单侧阴股沟组织瓣修复术。选择阴唇后动脉与阴道后壁水平线的交点为组织瓣旋转轴点,根据瘘口到轴点的距离,沿阴唇后动脉的轴线方向设计组织瓣,根据瘘口大小采取阴股沟皮瓣或皮下瓣,于肌膜浅层掀起备用。供区可直接分层关闭,在阴道面剥离瘘口处及其周边,缝合直肠侧瘘口,通过皮下隧道将采取的组织瓣转移覆盖瘘口并缝合固定,最后缝合瘘口的阴道侧黏膜。结果8例患者术后随访6个月至2年,组织瓣均成活良好,未出现复发性瘘,生活质量明显提高,有性生活者未诉不适。结论应用阴股沟组织瓣修复低位直肠阴道瘘,能够取得满意的治疗效果,提高患者生活质量,但其远期疗效仍需大样本量长期随访。     

保留阴道黏膜阴道紧缩术对阴道松弛患者性生活质量的影响

目的探讨保留阴道黏膜阴道紧缩术的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2018-05—2020-04间在新郑市人民医院美容科接受保留阴道黏膜阴道紧缩术治疗的阴道松弛患者的资料,观察手术前后阴道的松弛度、并发症。并对性生活质量进行评价。结果本研究共纳入72例患者,切口均一期愈合,未发生血肿、阴道直肠瘘并发症。术后恢复性生活时发生阴道口感染2例(2.78%),均经对症处理和禁止性生活1个月后愈合。术后6个月时的阴道松弛度评分(4.62±1.12)分、性生活质量评分(20.21±1.92)分,分别高于术前的(1.76±0.54)分、(12.37±1.69)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对阴道松弛患者实施保留阴道黏膜的阴道紧缩术,并发症少、疗效确切,利于改善阴道松弛状态和提升性生活质量。     

改良的阴道紧缩术治疗阴道松弛临床观察

目的探讨更安全有效的治疗阴道松弛的阴道紧缩手术方法。方法对132例因阴道松弛导致性生活质量下降,要求行阴道紧缩手术的患者进行改良的阴道缩紧术。手术对松弛的阴道前壁和后壁的肌肉及筋膜进行切实有效修复,同时修复会阴裂伤。对合并张力性尿失禁的患者,根据尿道中断吊床学说理论,在修复前壁时于尿道中段加强缝合肌肉筋膜1针;对合并便秘患者,在后壁修复时加强缝合肛提肌3针;前后壁修复时最大限度保护阴道黏膜。结果术后2～7年,随访118例对术后改善性生活满意度、张力性尿失禁、便秘及阴道排气4项内容进行问卷调查,收到满意的临床效果。结论手术方法设计专业,疗效确切,患者满意度高,适合有经验的专科医师采用。     

上睑提肌腱膜瓣与额肌瓣悬吊缝合矫正重度上睑下垂

目的：为克服单纯额肌瓣悬吊治疗重度上睑下垂存在的缺点，更好地保持眼睑的原有结构，使矫治后的眼睑符合其生理和生物力学特点。方法：在患侧分别形成额肌瓣和上睑提肌腱膜瓣，将两瓣相互重叠缝合固定，起到悬吊上睑、矫正下垂畸形的作用。结果：利用该方法对46例52侧重度上睑下垂的眼睑进行了治疗，随访患者24例，28侧眼睑，其中23侧眼睑取得了较满意的治疗效果，患睑睁大时额肌收缩两侧眼裂大小基本对称，可达到正常睑缘的位置。睑缘弧度及重睑线外形满意。5侧眼睑矫正不完全，仍有一定程度的下垂。结论：术者认为利用无功能的上睑提肌形成腱膜瓣与传统的额肌瓣重叠悬吊缝合，保持了眼睑的原有结构，具有上睑悬吊牢固、不易复发、睑缘和重睑线弧度及外观满意的优点，对畸形矫正效果良好，优于传统的单纯额肌悬吊术。     

Experimental use of the obturator internus muscle as a functioning pelvic floor muscle in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of using the obturator internus muscle instead of the levator ani as a pelvic floor muscle. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Teaching hospital, Egypt. ANIMALS: 7 male and 3 female mongrel dogs. INTERVENTIONS: Through a para-anal incision both muscles were exposed; the levator ani was excised and the lower border of the obturator internus was mobilised and sutured to the anorectal junction, the vesical neck, and the vaginal fornix. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rectal and anal pressures and electromyographic (EMG) activity recorded before and during transposition, and 1, 3, and 6 months later. Histological examination of biopsy specimens taken from the levator ani before, and from the obturator internus before, and 3, 6, and 12 months after, transposition. RESULTS: Stimulation of the levator ani caused anal pressure to decline significantly (p < 0.05). Stimulation of the obturator internus did not change anal pressure before transposition but caused a decline after it. There was EMG activity in the levator ani at rest, but not in the obturator internus before transposition though it was evident by 6 months afterwards. Levator ani consisted of skeletal muscle fibres with smooth muscle fibres in places, whereas the obturator internus consisted of skeletal fibres alone. Six months after operation examination of the obturator internus showed the presence of some smooth muscle fibres. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the obturator internus might be suitable both anatomically and physiologically to replace the levator ani. However, before it can be suggested as a treatment for levator dysfunction syndrome further experimental studies are necessary.     

Surgical repair of bilateral levator ani muscles with ultrasound guidance

Separation of the levator ani muscles from pubic bone is a common major levator trauma that may occur in vaginal delivery and is associated with pelvic floor dysfunctions. We describe a novel ultrasound-guided technique to repair these muscles. A 33-year-old woman presented with a history of difficult vaginal delivery and complaint of numbness and weakness of the vagina. In evaluation, bilateral levator defects were diagnosed by physical examination, three-dimensional endovaginal ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. With ultrasound guidance the detached ends of muscles were tagged and sutured to their insertion points at the pubic bone. The patient’s normal anatomy was restored with the return to normal pelvic floor tone. A follow-up ultrasound showed restored levator anatomy at 3 months.     

A new concept of the anatomy of the anal sphincter mechanism and the physiology of defecation. Reversion to normal defecation after combined excision operation and end colostomy for rectal cancer

Twenty-one patients with combined excision operation for rectal cancer were subjected to electromyographic study of the levator ani muscle, the puborectalis muscle, and the external anal sphincter. Myoelectric activity of the puborectalis and levator ani muscles was detected in 12 patients, 6 of whom had normal activity of both muscles. Of the remaining six patients, there was reduced activity of the levator ani muscle in four and of the puborectalis muscle in all six. These patients underwent training and electric stimulation of these muscles. To verify the myoelectric findings, 15 specimens removed at combined excision operation were examined grossly and microscopically for the muscles removed at operation. Eight specimens were found to be free of the levator and puborectalis muscles, which indicated that these muscles were not excised. The 12 patients with myoelectrically active levator and puborectalis muscles were operated on to restore defecation by way of the normal perineal route. The technique comprises freeing of the colostomy and mobilization of the entire left side of the colon. The perineal scar is then excised and the colonic end fixed to the perineal skin and thus is controlled by the levator and puborectalis muscles. Full fecal control was achieved in seven patients and incomplete control in five. It is concluded that excision of the levator ani muscle, the puborectalis muscle, and the external anal sphincter should not be considered a standard part of the radical operation for cancer of the lower or middle third of the rectum, and that a combined excision operation has no place in the treatment of rectal cancer.     

Tracheal reconstruction using S-shaped skin flaps and a conchal cartilage graft

We have devised a technique of two-stage tracheal reconstruction using S-shaped skin flaps and an aural conchal cartilage graft. During the first operation, S-shaped skin flaps were elevated before resection of the trachea. A tracheocutaneous fistula was created at the tracheal defect using S-shaped skin flaps while placing the conchal cartilage graft underneath. During the second operation, a skin incision was made around the fistula to elevate the hinge flaps, including the cartilage. The edges of the hinge flaps were sutured to form the tracheal lumen, and the area of the skin defect was then closed with double-rotation skin flaps.     

会阴体重建阴道紧缩术的临床应用分析

目的:分析会阴体重建阴道紧缩术的方法及临床作用.方法:手术采用阴道口入路,立体分段缝合、紧缩盆底肌相关段,重建会阴体结构.术后10天拆线、2月后开始性生活.结果:自2006年8月～2008年7月,应用本文术式完成治疗阴道松弛患者92例,无血肿及感染等临床并发症,伤口愈合良好.随访41例,最短者术后9个月,最长者术后16个月.均述肛缩有力,阴道收缩能力、阴道壁张力增强,性生活质量明显提高.结论:应用会阴体重建阴道紧缩术治疗产后会阴体损伤、阴道松弛,针对性强,设计合理,操作简便,效果明显.     

Refinements in vaginal reconstruction using rectus abdominis flaps

An improved method for vaginal reconstruction after pelvic exenteration or abdominal perineal resection is provided by the distally based rectus abdominis flap. This extended flap carries a skin paddle from the upper abdomen on the rectus abdominis muscle and deep inferior epigastric vascular pedicle. The skin paddle is inversely tubed to form a vaginal pouch and delivered transpelvically to the perineum. In addition to providing a vaginal reconstruction for sexual function, this reconstruction lessens pelvic wound complications in the exenteration patient by filling endopelvic dead space and revascularizing these frequently irradiated wounds. This method provides a neovagina with a single flap and does not involve additional donor sites in the thighs. Transpelvic passage from above not only fills endopelvic dead space better than thigh flaps, but also it allows retention of a vaginal cuff in supralevator resections. Another significant advantage of this reconstruction is its great reliability with minimal incidence of paddle loss. This flap design illustrates a type of flap refinement in which specific flaps can carry tissue from adjacent vascular territories because of anastomotic vessels between the two vascular territories, such as the vascular watershed between the deep inferior epigastric and superior epigastric vessels in this case.