肺淋巴管肌瘤病的CT表现(附5例报告)

目的 探讨肺淋巴管肌瘤病CT表现以期提高对该病的认识水平。资料与方法 对5例经病理证实的肺淋巴管肌瘤病CT资料进行回顾性分析。所有病例均行胸部常规CT及HRCT扫描；其中1例行腹部CT扫描。结果 常规胸部CT见两肺密度减低，偶见囊状影，相应水平HRCT清晰显示全肺囊状影，无分布差异。随病程进展，囊状影数目增多，部分融合成肺大泡或气胸。1例伴右肾错构瘤及后腹膜淋巴结肿大，随访3年腹部病灶无明显改变。结论 常规CT可显示肺淋巴管肌瘤病部分肺部改变，而HRCT全面显示肺部异常，已成为本病的基本影像检查方法；肺外表现系重要的诊断佐证。     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病-高分辨CT表现

目的分析肺淋巴管肌瘤病（PLAM）的高分辨率CT（HRCT）表现,探讨HRCT对该病的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析7例经病理证实的PLAM患者的胸片、胸部常规CT和HRCT表现,所有影像均有2位以上放射科医生共同分析,意见一致。结果胸片诊断PLAM的价值有限,PLAM的CT特征表现为两肺弥漫均匀分布的直径2～10mm含气小囊,HRCT对显示气囊优于常规CT,是诊断本病的必要手段。1例伴有自发性气胸,2例伴乳糜胸,l例合并肺大疱形成。结论PLAM具有特征性的HRCT表现,有经验的放射科医生根据典型HRCT表现可诊断此病,但确诊需病理活检。     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病的CT表现（附4例分析）

目的: 探讨肺淋巴管肌瘤病CT表现,提高其诊断水平.材料和方法: 回顾性分析4例经病理证实的肺淋巴管肌瘤病CT表现.结果: 4例均行胸部常规CT及HRCT扫描,其中1例行腹部CT扫描. 常规胸部CT均可见两肺密度减低,偶见囊状影,相应水平HRCT清晰显示全肺囊状影,无分布差异.随病程进展,囊状影数目增多,部分融合成肺大泡或气胸.1例伴右肾错构瘤及后腹膜淋巴结肿大,随访3年腹部病灶无明显改变.结论: 肺淋巴管肌瘤病肺部改变,CT常规扫描表现为两肺密度减低、体积增大,HRCT能清晰显示呈特征性的两肺广泛分布的囊状影,其出现率100 %,合并肺外表现不少见.     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病HRCT诊断价值

目的:回顾性分析肺淋巴管肌瘤病的HRCT表现,讨论其诊断和鉴别诊断。方法:总结6例经病理证实的肺淋巴管肌瘤病,4例行支气管镜肺活检,2例经胸腔镜活检确诊。所有病例均行胸部常规CT及HRCT扫描。结果:常规胸部CT扫描见两肺密度减低,偶见囊状影,相应水平HRCT可清晰显示全肺囊状影,无分布差异。随病程进展,囊状影数目增多,部分融合成肺大泡或气胸,也可见乳糜胸水。结论:HRCT对该病的早期诊断、鉴别诊断具有重要价值,同时也是判断病变进展及预后的有效指标。     

肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病高分辨率CT分析

目的：分析并总结肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病（PLAM）的高分辨率CT (HRCT)影像特征,探讨胸部HRCT对该病的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析50例于上海市黄浦区香山中医医院LAM中医特色专科门诊就诊的PLAM患者的HRCT资料,总结其典型的CT表现,包括弥漫囊样影及不同表现的肺间质病变等。结果：50例确诊的PLAM患者HRCT影像显示双肺弥漫性囊状影及肺间质病变的不同表现,部分病例出现胸腔积液、气胸病史、肺部感染及支气管扩张征象。结论：胸部HRCT检查所提供的影像学表现在PLAM干预中具有显著价值,可为疾病的后续诊治提供有效依据,提高疾病诊断准确性。     

HRCT在肺内小结节检查中的应用

目的：回顾分析52例直径≤2cm肺内孤立结节的CT常规扫描和HRCT扫描图像的影像学表现，评价HRCF在肺部孤立性小结节诊断上的价值。方法：对筛选后的52例患者行常规CT平扫和兴趣区HRCT扫描，分析常规CT图像与HRCF图像显示小结节的特征、特点。结果：HRCT扫描能较充分显示其病变的CT特征，对提高肺部孤立性小结节在定性诊断有很高的应用价值。     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病的高分辨率CT表现及其病理所见（附6例报告）

目的报告6例肺淋巴管肌瘤病（PLAM）的高分辨率CT（HRCT）特征性表现，结合病理所见进行分析，以期提高对该病的诊断水平。方法6例PLAM患者选择3个层面（即主动脉弓、右肺门及右膈上2cm层面）对无气胸侧每个病例3个肺野进行重点观察。结果PLAM的HRCT特征为气胸、胸腔积液及两肺弥漫含气小囊。未进展至肺间质纤维化者其含气小囊具有特征性表现；进展至肺间质纤维化者，含气小囊形态不规则。并出现周围肺大泡、泡性肺气肿及网格状蜂窝肺。本组6例均无纵隔淋巴结增大，仅1例伴腹膜后淋巴结肿大融合成团。结论PLAM未进展至肺间质纤维化者。其HRCT具有一定的特征性，CT可诊断此病。PLAM进展至肺间质纤维化后，则应与肺间质纤维化终末期（蜂窝肺）、肺组织细胞增生症、结节性硬化症等疾病鉴别，确诊需病理活检。     

HRCT在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的应用

目的探究常规CT以及HRCT对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)检查中的影像学表现差异,分析HRCT的特异性影像学特征。方法回顾性分析经核酸检测阳性确诊的新型冠状病毒肺炎患者37例,先采用常规CT进行扫描,其中将肺部有渗出病变为CT阳性组,肺部无渗出病变患者为CT阴性组2例。然后针对CT阳性患者对病灶多平面重建和最大密度投影重建得出所有病灶HRCT图像。参照《新型冠状病毒肺炎的放射学诊断》1,推荐将CT影像分为早期、进展期、重症期和转归期,对不同期的HRCT及常规胸部CT的影像表现分别比较分析,找出影像表现差异。结果HRCT及常规CT影像学均表现为单侧肺或者双侧肺中外带肺野或胸膜下磨玻璃样病灶,分析常规CT及HRCT所有病灶中,病灶分布情况如下右肺上叶17例,右肺中叶18例,右肺下叶23例,左肺上叶19例,左肺下叶19例,其中双下肺分布25例(占71.4%),背侧分布26例(占74.3%)。形态特征磨玻璃,部分性或全实性,细网格、铺路石征,结节伴晕征,长轴与胸膜平行,空气支气管征,病灶沿支气管血管束分布,“增粗血管”征象。其中磨玻璃影、“细网格、铺路石”征象、结节伴晕征、“增粗血管”征象虽然在常规CT中可以显示,但HRCT通过薄层及三维重建能够清晰的显示出这种征象,其P值分别为0.006、0.008、0.042、0.035(P值<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论HRCT较常规CT扫描更能精确的显示出NCP的影像学细微特征,HRCT检查对新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的确诊具有十分重要意义。     

肺淋巴管平滑肌瘤病高分辨率CT影像学分析

目的分析肺淋巴管肌瘤病(PLAM)的临床特征及高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现,进一步提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析3例经病理证实并行HRCT检查的LAM患者资料,分析其胸部HRCT特点。结果 3例均以进行性呼吸困难为主要临床表现,1例伴有反复自发性气胸,1例伴乳糜胸及腹膜后淋巴管扩张。HRCT示双肺弥漫囊样影,分布均匀,大小形态较一致,部分囊腔有融合,病变直径为2.0～20.0mm的薄壁囊腔,壁厚1.5～2.0mm,病变早期囊腔之间可见正常肺组织。结论 PLAM主要临床特征是进行性呼吸困难,常伴有乳糜胸、气胸、腹膜后淋巴管扩张、淋巴管瘤等,HRCT对该病的早期诊断、鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

16例肺泡壁消失肺综合征影像学诊断及分型探讨

目的:探讨肺泡壁消失肺综合征影像学诊断、分型及临床应用价值。方法:对16例肺泡壁消失肺综合征患 者的临床表现、多次胸片及CT检查、手术前后HRCT图像进行动态观察,综合分析其影像学表现并分型。同时对家族性 患者的家族成员进行了普查(胸透、胸片或HRCT)。结果:16例患者(男11例,女5例)中5例为家族性(一家系)发病,11 例为散发性,其中9例有或曾有自发性气胸史。16例中2例行胸腔闭式引流术,9例行肺大泡摘除术(其中1例行肺减容 术)。本病影像学表现分为3型:①单发型3例,表现为一侧或两侧上、中肺野巨大肺大泡;②多发型7例,表现为两肺多 发3～6cm大小中型肺大泡伴广泛肺气肿;③弥漫或毁损肺型6例,表现为两肺弥漫大小不等肺大泡,肺大泡总容积占据 一侧胸腔或以上。结论:消失肺为特发性肺大泡的一个特殊类型。肺泡壁消失肺综合征影像学表现可分3型,此分型对 该病的临床诊断、治疗方案选择及预后判断均有重要指导作用。     

Do bullae indicate a predisposition to recurrent pneumothorax?

A relationship between idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax (ISP) and visible parenchymal bullae and blebs has been reported. The causal relationship between blebs and bullae and ISP is questionable. Consequently, resection of the involved area is only indicated if it predisposes to recurrence of the pneumothorax. CT studies on 101 cases of ISP were analysed. The presence of bullae and their distribution was then related to the first and recurrent pneumothorax. CT demonstrated bullae in 56% of first ISP and in 64% of recurrent ISP, mostly among older patients. Only eight patients had bullae larger than 2 cm on the side of the pneumothorax. The location of the bullae was not a factor in predicting recurrent pneumothorax.     

Comparison of plain chest radiography and high-resolution CT in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a sub-Saharan Africa study

The objective of the study was to determine the proportion of patients with missed lesions on plain chest radiographs compared with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in 49 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Patients underwent plain chest radiography and HRCT scans of the chest at admission. Microbiological investigations for CAP were performed. An experienced radiologist, without knowledge of clinical or pathological data, reported the chest radiographs and HRCT scans. The study group included 26 females and 23 males, aged 18-53 years (mean age 36 years). Organisms were isolated from 26 patients (53%). In 40 patients (82%), the HRCT scans demonstrated lesions not visualized on the plain chest radiographs. There was 100% correlation between plain radiographic and HRCT scan findings in nine cases (18%). Lesions that were not visualized on the plain radiographs but elucidated on HRCT included: pleural effusion (n = 14), ground-glass opacification (n = 20), pericardial effusion (n = 8), cavitation (n = 4), cysts (n = 4), bullae (n = 4), abscess (n = 1) and pneumothorax (n = 1). In 20 of 23 cases, hilar lymphadenopathy, identified on HRCT, was not recognized on plain chest radiographs. In patients in whom an organism was isolated, a correct HRCT diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was made in 80%, 84% and 100% of cases, respectively. The proportion of patients with missed lesions on plain chest radiographs in HIV infected patients with CAP was high. This has important implications for management and prognosis. HRCT scans correlate well with the microbiological diagnosis when reported by an experienced radiologist.     

Cystic Lung Disease: a Comparison of Cystic Size, as Seen on Expiratory and Inspiratory HRCT Scans

Objective

To determine the effects of respiration on the size of lung cysts by comparing inspiratory and expiratory high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans.

Materials and Methods

The authors evaluated the size of cystic lesions, as seen on paired inspiratory and expiratory HRCT scans, in 54 patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (n = 3), pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis (n = 4), confluent centrilobular emphysema (n = 9), paraseptal emphysema and bullae (n = 16), cystic bronchiectasis (n = 13), and honeycombing (n = 9). Using paired inspiratory and expiratory HRCT scans obtained at the corresponding anatomic level, a total of 270 cystic lesions were selected simultaneously on the basis of five lesions per lung disease. Changes in lung cyst size observed during respiration were assessed by two radiologists. In a limited number of cases (n = 11), pathologic specimens were obtained by open lung biopsy or lobectomy.

Results

All cystic lesions in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangiomyomatosis, cystic bronchiectasis, honeycombing, and confluent centrilobular emphysema became smaller on expiration, but in two cases of paraseptal emphysema and bullae there was no change.

Conclusion

In cases in which expiratory CT scans indicate that cysts have become smaller, cystic lesions may communicate with the airways. To determine whether, for cysts and cystic lesions, this connection does in fact exist, paired inspiratory and expiratory HRCT scans are necessary.     

High-Resolution CT Findings of Re-Expansion Pulmonary Edema

Objective

To describe the high-resolution CT (HRCT) findings of re-expansion pulmonary edema (REPE) following a thoracentesis for a spontaneous pneumothorax.

Materials and Methods

HRCT scans from 43 patients who developed REPE immediately after a thoracentesis for treatment of pneumothorax were retrospectively analyzed. The study group consisted of 41 men and two women with a mean age of 34 years. The average time interval between insertion of the drainage tube and HRCT was 8.5 hours (range, 1-24 hours). The patterns and distribution of the lung lesions were analyzed and were assigned one of the following classifications: consolidation, ground-glass opacity (GGO), intralobular interstitial thickening, interlobular septal thickening, thickening of bronchovascular bundles, and nodules. The presence of pleural effusion and contralateral lung involvement was also assessed.

Results

Patchy areas of GGO were observed in all 43 patients examined. Consolidation was noted in 22 patients (51%). The geographic distribution of GGO and consolidation was noted in 25 patients (58%). Interlobular septal thickening and intralobular interstitial thickening was noted in 28 patients (65%), respectively. Bronchovascular bundle thickening was seen in 13 patients (30%), whereas ill-defined centrilobular GGO nodules were observed in five patients (12%). The lesions were predominantly peripheral in 38 patients (88%). Of these lesions, gravity-dependent distribution was noted in 23 cases (53%). Bilateral lung involvement was noted in four patients (9%), and a small amount of pleural effusion was seen in seven patients (16%).

Conclusion

The HRCT findings of REPE were peripheral patchy areas of GGO that were frequently combined with consolidation as well as interlobular septal and intralobular interstitial thickening.     

在X线透视配合下电视胸腔镜治疗自发性气胸

目的　探讨在X线透视配合下电视胸腔镜在自发性气胸治疗中的作用。方法　对 10 3例自发性气胸病人施行电视胸腔镜手术 ,其中原发性气胸 79例 ,继发性气胸 2 4例 ;手术指证为 :(1)气胸有反复发作史 ,(2 )胸腔闭式引流后仍持续性漏气 (>7d)者 ,(3)合并有血胸、胸腔积液者 ,(4)初次发作CT扫描发现有明确的肺大泡者。结果　无手术死亡病例 ,中转开胸率为 2 .91% ,复发率为 0 .97% ,并发症发生率为 3.81% ,平均术后住院天数为 5 .6d。结论　在治疗自发性气胸中 ,电视胸腔镜手术是一种优于常规开胸手术和内科保守治疗的治疗方法。     

支气管侵袭性肺曲菌病HRCT诊断

目的 回顾性分析支气管侵袭性肺曲菌病的高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现,探讨HRCT在该病诊断中的价值.方法 收集30例经纤维支气管镜活检、CT导引下穿刺活检或痰培养证实的支气管侵袭性肺曲菌病的临床资料及影像学资料,所有HRCT图像均经2位经验丰富的胸部影像学主任医师阅片并分析总结其征象.结果 30例患者,19例具有多种CT征象,其中树芽征8例,支气管狭窄6例,支气管扩张8例,磨玻璃样密度灶(GGO)8例,腺泡结节10例,结节灶12例,腺泡结节灶伴有晕征4例,结节灶伴有晕征9例,空洞10例.11例具有单一CT征象,树芽征2例,支气管扩张2例,GGO 1例,腺泡结节2例,结节灶伴有晕征2例,空洞2例.30例病例中各征象出现率为:树芽征33.3%,支气管狭窄20%,支气管扩张33.3%,磨玻璃影30%,腺泡结节40%,结节灶46.6%,晕征53.3%,空洞40%.结论 支气管侵袭性肺曲菌病HRCT的主要征象是树芽征、支气管管腔狭窄或扩张,肺内见磨玻璃影、腺泡结节、结节灶,空洞,结节及空洞周围有晕征.支气管扩张合并树芽征、腺泡结节及晕征对诊断本病具有较高的特异性.     

肺淋巴管肌瘤病的HRCT诊断（附17例报告）

目的：探讨肺淋巴管肌瘤病的高分辨率C T （H RC T ）表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析17例经病理证实的肺淋巴管肌瘤病胸部HRCT表现及临床资料,所有病例肺活检前均行胸部 HRCT扫描及腹部B超检查,腹部B超发现异常病例者行腹部C T检查6例。结果17例患者均为育龄期女性,胸部H RC T均表现为两肺弥漫、大小不等圆形薄壁囊状影（17/17,100％）,2例部分融合成肺大泡（2/17,11．8％）,4例合并气胸（4/17,23．5％）,2例伴乳糜胸（2/17,11．8％）。腹部C T检查发现2例伴双侧肾错构瘤（2/17,11．8％）,1例伴右侧肾错构瘤（1/17,5．9％）,1例伴子宫错构瘤（1/17,5．9％）,2例伴肝脏错构瘤（2/17,11．8％）,3例伴腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤（3/17,17．6％）。结论育龄期女性,胸部HRCT表现为两肺弥漫、均匀分布的圆形薄壁囊状影,应考虑肺淋巴管肌瘤病可能。应常规行腹部CT检查,腹部CT检查发现肝肾错构瘤,腹膜后囊性淋巴管瘤可协助诊断。