钙离子选择性微电极对唾液中游离钙的检测与评价

作者采用中性载体Ca2 －ISME对唾液中的生理性游离钙浓度进行测定和分析，对比结果显示：儿童与成人之间、男女儿童之间、无龋组与龋活跃组之间以及间隔两周时间之间的唾液Ca2 浓度均无显著性差异（P均＞0．05），提示龋病与儿童的生理性唾液中的钙含量无直接关系。Ca2 -ISME适用于对口腔微量液体中Ca2 的检测分析．     

钙离子选择性微电极在口腔医学研究中应用的初步探讨

目的：研制钙离子选择性微电极（Ｃａ２＋－ＩＳＭＥ）并探讨其在口腔研究领域应用的可行性。方法：采用中性载体（ＥＴＨ１００１）制备Ｃａ２＋－ＩＳＭＥ并作了各项性能测试，结合吸光光度法对成人唾液样本的钙含量进行检测和对比分析。结果：Ｃａ２＋－ＩＳＭＥ的线性范围、选择性、重现性、稳定性、响应时间、ｐＨ范围、电极寿命以及回收率等各项性能良好，对唾液中钙的测定与吸光光度法基本一致。结论：Ｃａ２＋－ＩＳＭＥ具有简便、快速、敏感、准确等优点，在口腔研究领域有较好的应用前景。     

离子选择性微电极在龋病研究中的应用

龋病的整个发生，发展过程都与无机离子在牙齿硬组织中和菌斑中的交换密切相关，但对许多离子确切的作用机理尚有待深入探讨。离子选择性微电极对探讨各种离子的代谢规律以及影响因素具有很多的优越性。本文就其应用现状及其发展前景作了介绍。     

氟化物涂膜后唾液氟浓度的变化

目的 观察并比较使用氟化物涂膜及氟化钠溶液后，唾液中氟离子浓度的变化。方法 选取20例5岁儿童。随机分为氟化钠涂膜组和氟化钠溶液组，每组10例。使用氟化物前及使用后0．25h、0．5h、lh、2h、6h、12h、24h分别留取非刺激性全唾液，唾液离心后用氟离子选择电极法测定唾液中的氟离子浓度。结果 使用氟化钠涂膜后0．25h、0．5h、lh、2h、6h，唾液中氟离子浓度高于用氟前；使用后0．5—6h，唾液中氟离子浓度高于使用氟化钠溶液组。结论 氟化钠涂膜与氟化钠溶液相比。能延长氟化物和牙釉质接触的时间和浓度。     

使用含氟漱口液后菌斑和唾液氟离子水平的动态观察

目的 测定正常人使用含氟漱口液后，唾液及菌斑中氟离子浓度，并探讨其对龋病预防的意义。方法 选择14名自愿者，用离子选择性氟电极测定使用含氟漱口液后不同时间点氟浓度，并与基线水平相比较。结果 在用氟后120min内菌斑氟浓度都较基线水平有显著性提高（P＜0.05)，而唾液氟浓度在用氟后60min内显著升高，各个时间点菌斑氟浓度明显高于唾液氟浓度。结论 菌斑可作为口腔氟储库之一；使用含氟漱口液可以使菌斑氟水平升高达120min。     

含氟牙膏中氟离子测定方法的研究

近年来,随着我国口腔保健新产品的不断开发,含氟牙膏日渐增多。离子态的氟是含氟牙膏中的有效防龋成分,因此准确、迅速地测定牙膏中的氟离子含量,对评价含氟牙膏的效果是非常必要的。现行的中华人民共和国国家标准（ＧＢ８３７２—８７）在关于牙膏测定中规定用硝酸钍...     

含氟牙膏刷牙后菌斑和唾液中氟离子浓度的变化

目的 :测定正常人使用含氟牙膏刷牙后 ,菌斑及唾液中氟离子浓度 ,并探讨其对龋病预防的意义。方法 :选择 16名自愿者 ,用离子选择性氟电极测定含氟牙膏刷牙后 2小时菌斑及唾液中氟离子浓度 ,并与基线水平相比较。结果 :含氟牙膏刷牙后 2小时 ,牙菌斑及唾液中氟浓度分别为 5 1.5 5± 14.15 μg/g菌斑湿重和 13.36± 3.81μmol/L ,较基线水平有显著性提高 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :用含氟牙膏刷牙后使菌斑和唾液达到并维持的氟浓度 ,尤其是菌斑中氟浓度 ,可有效地抑制菌斑细菌的糖酵解过程 ,从而起到预防龋病发生的作用     

粘贴含氟正畸托槽后菌斑和唾液中氟离子的变化

目的 测定粘贴含氟正畸托槽后,口腔内菌斑及唾液氟离子浓度的变化,探讨采用含氟正畸托槽预防牙釉质脱矿的意义.方法 选择10名志愿者,口腔内粘贴含氟正畸托槽.用离子选择性氟电极测定口腔内菌斑及唾液氟离子浓度,并与粘贴托槽前的基线水平相比较.结果 粘贴含氟正畸托槽后,菌斑及唾液中氟浓度均升高,唾液氟浓度持续3天高于基线水平,...     

含钙、氟的漱口液对唾液和菌斑中氟浓度的影响

目的:测定正常人应用加入钙离子的含氟漱口液漱口后菌斑和唾液中的氟离子浓度,并探讨其防龋作用。方法:成人自愿者15名,使用0.2%NaF 2?Cl2漱口液漱口1min,分别收集漱口后1h和2h的唾液和菌斑,用氟离子选择性电极测定氟离子浓度,并与基线水平以及0.2%NaF漱口液相比较。结果:两种漱口液漱口后1h和2h,牙菌斑及唾液中氟浓度较基线水平有显著性增高(P<0.05),尤其是0.2%NaF 2?Cl2漱口液差异较明显。结论:在相同的氟离子浓度条件下,加入钙离子的含氟漱口液可以增加菌斑和唾液中的氟离子释放,延长了氟作用时间,提高防龋效果。     

Relative anti-caries efficacy of 1100, 1700, 2200, and 2800 ppm fluoride ion in a sodium fluoride dentifrice over 1 year

There is limited evidence from clinical trials on the dose response of sodium fluoride dentifrices at concentrations above 1100 ppm fluoride ion, with respect to caries efficacy. This randomized, double-blind study examined the anti-caries effectiveness of sodium fluoride dentifrices containing 1700 ppm, 2200 ppm and 2800 ppm fluoride ion relative to an 1100 ppm fluoride ion control. A population of 5439 elementary schoolchildren, aged 6-15 years, was recruited from an urban central Ohio area with a low fluoride content water supply (<0.3 ppm). Subjects were examined by visual-tactile and radiographic examination at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years of using the sodium fluoride dentifrices. Subjects were stratified according to gender, age and baseline DMFS scores derived from the visual-tactile baseline examination and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 0.243% sodium fluoride (1100 ppm fluoride ion), 0.376% sodium fluoride (1700 ppm fluoride ion), 0.486% sodium fluoride (2200 ppm fluoride ion), and 0.619% sodium fluoride (2800 ppm fluoride ion). All products were formulated with the same fluoride compatible silica abrasive. Results after 1 year provided evidence of a positive sodium fluoride dose response. Compared to the 1100 ppm fluoride treatment group, the 1700 ppm fluoride treatment group had an 11.0% reduction in DMFS that was not statistically significant, while the 2200 ppm and 2800 ppm fluoride treatment groups showed statistically significant (P<0.05) reductions of 18.6% and 20.4%, respectively. The reductions in caries delivered by the higher fluoride dentifrices were present across all tooth surface types, but were most pronounced for occlusal surfaces. Results at years 2 and 3 were confounded by a concurrent fluoride rinse program, which involved portions of the study population. While the trends for the higher fluoride dentifrices observed at year 1 remained at years 2 and 3, the difference observed between treatments were substantially less and failed to reach statistical significance (P<0.05). Collectively, the data demonstrate that the 2200 ppm and the 2800 ppm fluoride treatments delivered statistically significantly greater caries efficacy than the 1100 ppm fluoride treatment. This large-scale clinical trial provides evidence of a positive statistically significant dose relationship between dental caries and sodium fluoride in a dentifrice at levels above 1100 ppm fluoride at year 1.     

微型pH电极直接测试人牙菌斑pH的应用研究

目的：进一步探讨微型ｐＨ电极在原位检测人牙菌斑ｐＨ的可行性，了解漱糖后对菌斑ｐＨ的影响。方法：采用微型蜂式ｐＨ指示电极直接测试人牙邻面菌斑ｐＨ变化。结果：微型ｐＨ电极与玻璃ｐＨ大电极所测结果基本一致；漱糖后菌斑ｐＨ呈下降趋势，２０ｍｉｎ时达到最低点；无龋组与龋敏感组之间的ｐＨ改变无显著性差异。结论：微型ｐＨ电极适用于在原位直接测试菌斑ｐＨ；漱糖后菌斑ｐＨ发生改变，但龋坏与否的个体之间未见明显不同     

氟离子对2种牙科用钛合金耐腐蚀性的影响

目的在模拟口腔环境下,探讨氟离子对Ti-12Zr合金和Ti-6Al-4V合金耐腐蚀性的影响。方法2种钛合金在含有不同浓度NaF（0%、0.05%、0.1%、0.2%）的酸性人工唾液（pH=4.0）电解池中测得极化曲线;然后将试件浸泡于恒温的实验溶液中,扫描电镜（SEM）下观察各组试件的表面形貌。结果2种钛合金在酸性人工唾液中的自腐蚀电位、极化电阻随着NaF浓度的升高而减小,自腐蚀电流密度随着NaF浓度的升高而增大;且当NaF浓度高于0.1%时2种钛合金的自腐蚀电位、极化电阻以及自腐蚀电流密度的变化明显（P＜0.05）;同时,扫描电镜结果显示当NaF浓度高于0.1%时2种钛合金表面开始发生严重的腐蚀;Ti-12Zr合金在NaF浓度为0.2%酸性人工唾液中的极化电阻明显高于Ti-6Al-4V合金（P＜0.05）。结论氟离子可降低Ti-12Zr合金及Ti-6Al-4V合金的耐腐蚀性,且在NaF浓度高于0.1%时更为明显。     

氟离子导入降低根充微渗漏的实验研究

目的：探讨氟离子导入对根充后微渗漏发生的影响。方法：选择粗细相近的离体单根管牙18颗,随机分为氟离子导入组、氟离子导入＋自固化磷酸钙（CPC）组和对照组。氟离子导入组,即根管预备后采用氟离子导入再根充;氟离子导入＋CPC组,即除氟离子导入外采用自固化磷酸钙涂壁后再根充;对照组,即根管预备后直接根充。以透明牙染料渗透长度为指标,实验数据采用SPSS17.0软件包进行方差分析。结果：微渗漏长度：氟离子导入组为（2.6±1.6）mm,氟离子导入＋CPC涂壁组为（2.1±1.6）mm,对照组为（5.8±3.6）mm。氟离子导入组〈对照组（P〈0.05）,差异有显著性;氟离子导入＋CPC组〈对照组（P〈0.05）,差异有显著性;氟离子导入组〈氟离子导入＋CPC组（P〉0.05）,差异无显著性。结论：①氟离子导入技术可以降低根充后微渗漏发生。②氟离子导入加自固化磷酸钙根管涂壁能降低根充后的微渗漏发生,但与单纯氟离子导入无差别。     

Determining low levels of fluoride released from resin based dental materials

Fluoride release determinations were made on two resin matrix dentine bonding systems using an ion-selective electrode and ion chromatography. Calibrations were made on serially diluted samples of standard fluoride solutions. The electrode method consistently gave higher values than the chromatographic method for one of the materials, and this was considered to be due to the use of total ionic strength adjustment buffer in electrode determinations. The lower limit of fluoride determination using the electrode was 0.5-0.1 p.p.m. Below this concentration the output from the electrode became meaningless. The chromatographic method gave meaningful results down to 0.001 p.p.m. The fluoride release results for the meter were meaningful only for the first 2 d for one test material and for up to 10 d for the other material. Using chromatography, fluoride release could be monitored for the full 44 d of the trial for both materials. Over the range of concentrations where fluoride determinations were possible by both methods, the values were correlated (R = 0.98). Ion chromatography appears to have an advantage over the ion-selective electrode for measuring low levels of fluoride release from dental materials.     

Availability of fluoride from glass-ionomer luting cements in human saliva

Abstract— Fluoride availability from two glass-ionomer luting agents, Ketac-Cement and Aqua-Cement, was monitored after a l-h treatment in distilled water at pH 7. The recorded results were then compared to the ones obtained from those same cements, after l h, in saliva, in water pretreated with saliva (pH 7 and 4.5), and in albumen and phosphate buffer solutions (pH 7). The Mann-Whitney two-sample rank test was utilized in order to identify the differences. The presence of proteins and phosphate reduced fluoride availability. A reduction in the pH from 7 to 4.5 resulted in an increased rate of fluoride release, in water, from glass-ionomers pretreated with saliva. The present study indicates that fluoride availability from glass-ionomers, in vivo, is pH controlled. The rate controlling factors appear to be phosphate and proteins.     

不同氟浓度人工唾液对3种牙用铸造合金表面形貌的影响

目的研究钴铬合金、纯钛及高钴铬钼合金浸泡于不同氟浓度人工唾液发生腐蚀后表面形貌的改变,分析金属的耐腐蚀性。方法将3种金属试件打磨后浸泡于不同氟浓度（0%、0.05%、0.2%）人工唾液中,（37.0±1.0）℃浸泡3周,测量浸泡前后表面粗糙度并观察表面形貌。结果浸泡后金属表面粗糙度随氟浓度升高而增加。在含氟0.05%人工唾液中浸泡后,钴铬合金和纯钛的表面粗糙度与其浸泡前相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;钴铬合金、纯钛与高钴铬钼合金相比差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;在含氟0.2%人工唾液中浸泡后,3种金属的表面粗糙度较浸泡前差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）,3种金属间相比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论常使用含氟制品的患者不宜选用纯钛及钴铬合金修复体。口内有这3种金属的患者,不宜长时间使用高氟制品。