在颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形Arch板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病17例

颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术是一种治疗脊髓型颈椎病的常用术式,其以术后症状改善明显、长短期疗效好被广泛应用。目前,临床上普遍采用的术式是C3-7,节段扩大成形术,但是传统的颈椎后路单开门手术多存在术后椎管再狭窄及顽固轴性症状、神经根麻痹等缺点心。为降低术后轴性症状的发生,防止“再关门”现象,减少术后并发症,提高手术疗效,我院2012年1月～2013年6月采用颈后路单开门椎管扩大成形Arch板内固定系统治疗脊髓型颈椎病17例,效果满意。现报告如下。     

跳跃式Centerpiece内固定在老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病中的应用

目的探讨颈后路单开门跳跃式Centerpiece钛板内固定在老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病中的应用及早期临床疗效。方法 2011年1月至2013年12月采用颈后路C3~C7单开门跳跃式Centerpiece钛板内固定治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病并获得完整随访的老年患者52侧,其中男44例,女8例;年龄60~79岁,平均(68.3±5.9)岁。术前、术后1 w及6个月行日本矫形协会(JOA)评分;手术前后行颈椎X线片、CT及MRI检查,以评价术前与术后6个月颈椎Cobb角、术前与术后1 w全节段椎管矢状径大小(CT横断面上测量),钛板固定节段和非固定节段在术后1 w及术后6个月的椎管矢状径大小及门轴骨愈合情况。结果术中未出现相关并发症;术后随访8~29个月,平均16个月,神经功能均明显改善。术前JOA评分为(9.7±2.5)分,术后1 w为(13.2±1.6)分,改善率为(51.5±15.7)%。术前颈椎Cobb角与术后6个月比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后1 w全节段椎管矢状径较术前显著扩大(P0.01),钛板固定节段和非固定节段的椎管矢状径大小在术后6个月较术后1 w略有缩小,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月CT检查见门轴均达骨性愈合,而MRI见颈椎管扩大满意,脊髓受压基本解除。结论颈后路单开门跳跃式Centerpiece钛板内固定是治疗老年多节段脊髓型颈椎病的一种简单、安全且相对经济的方法,早期疗效较满意。     

后路颈椎管扩大成形钛板固定术与传统单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄症的对比研究

目的比较观察后路颈椎管扩大成形钛板固定术与传统单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法回顾分析49例发育性颈椎管狭窄症患者的临床资料,随机分为两组,其中观察组25例采用钛板固定,对照组24例采用丝线悬挂,对比分析两组患者手术情况,术后症状改善情况JOA评分,末次随访术后椎板开门角度,脊髓后移距离,术后测量颈椎曲度的改变,轴性症状发生率,以及观察手术时间、术中出血量对比情况。结果经术后6个月~3年的随访,观察组术后6个月JOA评分改善率为(62.5±16.0)%,对照组为(59.2±9.8)%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组椎板开门角度为(43.6±3.5)°,对照组为(40.5±4.1)°,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组末次随访时脊髓平均后移距离(2.97±1.8)mm,对照组为(2.96±1.7)mm,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后6个月颈椎曲度为(18.6±4.8)°,与术前(18.3±4.8)°比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);对照组术后6个月颈椎曲度为(17.0±5.6)°,与术前(19.9±6.2)°比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后6个月轴性症状发生率为12.0%,明显低于对照组的41.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者无一例出现C5神经根麻痹。结论后路颈椎管扩大成形钛板固定术与传统单开门椎管扩大成形术皆为治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄症的有效术式,但后路颈椎管扩大成形钛板固定术更能降低术后再关门及术后轴性症状的发生率,是治疗发育性颈椎管狭窄症的一种有效治疗术式。     

老年脊髓型颈椎病合并发育性颈椎管狭窄的手术疗效分析

目的 探讨老年脊髓型颈椎病与发育颈椎管狭窄在临床发病的关系及手术疗效。方法 对31例65～79岁脊髓型颈椎病合并发育性颈椎管狭窄的老年患者进行手术治疗，均行后路单开门椎管成形术，术前、术后采用JOA评分标准进行评定。结果 31例中，28例获得随访，平均随访时间28.7个月，术前JOA评分4～11分，平均7．8分，术后JOA评分8～16分，平均11．2分，平均改善率57．8％，优7例，良11例，可9例，差2例。结论 老年脊髓型颈椎病合并发育性颈椎管狭窄患者全身多器官功能退化，但只要治疗选择适当，仍可取得较好的疗效，高龄并非手术禁忌证。     

一期后前路联合手术治疗老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症合并脊髓型颈椎病的疗效

目的 探讨一期后前路联合手术治疗合并脊髓型颈椎病的老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的临床疗效.方法 选择2009年3月至2011年3月吉林大学第二医院骨科收治的合并脊髓型颈椎病的老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者17例,一期采用后路双开门椎管扩大成形术和前路髓核摘除椎体次全切骨化物切除钛网植骨钛板内固定术,术后随访3-24个月,采用JOA评分,Nurick分级及X线检查评估疗效.结果 所有患者均得到随访,平均随访时间14.5个月,术后JOA评分从术前的(7.5±1.3)分提高到(15.8±0.7)分(P＜0.05);Nurick分级从术前的(3.2±1.4)级改善到术后的(0.6±1.1)级(P＜0.05);X线检查表明所有病例在术后3个月植骨得到不同程度的融合.结论 一期后前路联合手术是治疗合并脊髓型颈椎病的老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症的有效方法.     

多节段脊髓型颈椎病前后路手术治疗的疗效比较

目的比较前路减压植骨内固定和后路单开门椎管扩大成形术对多节段脊髓型颈椎病的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2003-01～2009-01手术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者68例,前路减压植骨内固定33例(A组),后路全椎板切除减压术或单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗35例(B组),术前和术后按照JOA评分系统进行评分并计算恢复率,MRI测量硬脊膜囊矢状径并计算膨胀回复率。结果术后随访6个月～4年2个月,平均1年11个月,两组手术病例术前JOA评分及硬脊膜矢状径比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后JOA评分和恢复率,硬脊膜囊矢状径和膨胀回复率前路手术组高于后路手术组,差异均有统计学显著意义(P0.05)。结论前、后路减压手术均是治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的有效方法,前路减压植骨内固定术优于后路全椎板切除减压或单开门椎管扩大成形术。     

n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨在颈椎双开门椎管成形术中的应用

目的探讨纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺（n-HA/PA66）复合生物活性人工骨在颈椎双开门椎管成形术中的应用价值。方法脊髓型颈椎病11例,发育性颈椎管狭窄症7例,颈椎后纵韧带钙化症4例,术前JOA评分为（6.36±2.74）分。22例患者均行颈椎双开门椎管成形术,术中于劈开的棘突之间填充n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨块。结果本组所有患者术后束带感明显缓解。22例随访时间12~25个月。末次随访时JOA评分为（14.23±3.47）分,与术前相比,P〈0.05。术后12个月CT扫描示颈椎管扩大良好,无＂椎板关门＂情况,n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨块与棘突融合良好。结论 n-HA/PA66复合生物活性人工骨用于颈椎双开门椎管成形术术后显效快,无椎板＂再关门＂情况,人工骨块与棘突融合良好,近期疗效较好。     

前路和后路手术方式治疗老年脊髓型颈椎病的疗效比较

目的探讨老年脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy,CSM）不同入路手术的疗效,以期提高老年CSM的临床效果。方法选择接受手术治疗的160例老年CSM患者,根据手术入路的方式分为前路组（n=80）与后路组（n=80）。前路组患者接受颈椎前路减压植骨融合术;后路组患者接受颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术。观察并比较2组患者的手术时间、术中及术后并发症、脊髓神经功能优良率及手术前后日本骨科学会评分（JOA）的变化。结果前路组平均手术时间比后路组明显缩短（P〈0.05）;前路组平均术中出血量显著少于后路组（P〈0.01）。2组脊髓神经功能优良率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;2组术后JOA评分均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,术后前路组JOA评分改善优于后路组（P〈0.05）。结论颈椎前路减压植骨融合术和颈椎后路单开门椎管成形术治疗CSM均具有较好的疗效;合理选择好手术适应证可提高老年CSM患者的临床疗效及减少并发症的发生。     

老年颈椎后纵韧带骨化症患者后路术式疗效比较

目的比较后路全椎板间接减压内固定植骨融合术与后路单开门椎管成形术两种术式治疗颈椎后纵韧带骨化(OPLL)症老年患者的疗效。方法共有47例患者入选,男27例,女20例,平均年龄(65.7±8.3)岁,随访时间6月至3年。上述OPLL症患者按照手术术式分为椎管成形术组与椎板减压术组。记录2组患者年龄、性别、手术时间、术中出血量、日本骨科协会(JOA)评分(术前、术后1周、末次随访)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分(术前、术后1周、末次随访)、JOA评分改善率以及VAS评分改善率,比较两种手术术式疗效差异。结果椎管成形术组入选患者29例,全椎板减压术组患者18例。2组患者在手术时间、出血量、术后VAS评分及改善率指标上均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其余指标2组间未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论虽然颈椎后路全椎板减压术可以早期较好地减轻老年OPLL症患者颈项部疼痛症状,但2种术式远期疗效相近,且颈椎后路椎管成形术具有手术时间、术中出血少等优势,因此,建议老年OPLL症患者应尽可能首选颈椎后路椎管成形术治疗。     

后入路单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病(附49例报告)

采用后入路单开门椎管成形术治疗脊髓型颈椎病49例。优13例，良12例，可19例，差5例，术后神经功能评分（JOA评分）改善率均为49％。认为单开门椎管成形术能有效地解除脊髓压迫，改善神经功能，是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的良好术式。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.