别把维生素饮料当水喝

市场上的饮料品种繁多,成分不同,因此要合理选择。例如,乳饮料和纯果汁饮料含有一定量的营养素和有益的膳食成分,适量饮用可以作为膳食的补充。有些饮料添加了一定量的矿物质和维生素,适合夏天户外活动和运动后饮用。有些饮料只含糖和香精香料,营养价值不高。     

人“和”健康,家“和”兴旺

<正>我家是一个有19口人四世同堂其乐融融的大家庭。心和怡安宁,身和血脉通,人和家幸福,事和百业兴。和字当头,爱在其中,人和健康,家和兴旺,是我们多年来创建和谐家庭的实践经验总结,共10个方面愿与中老年朋友分享。     

为什么没有好人缘?

Q于娜大学毕业后,好容易找到了一份工作。还没来得及高兴,就遇到了人际关系上的麻烦。于娜诉苦说:我特别希望自己有好多朋友,可是,偏偏我总是人缘不好,最让我苦恼的就是我没有朋友。上学的时候,我就和同学们关系不好。我不是不想和大家好,很想和大家成为朋友,可是别人却不和我好,现在工作了还是这样。在单位里,有一个和我一块来的女孩,我想和她成为好朋友。可是她偏偏不和我好,甚至不愿意和我在     

韩国济州猪肉价格持续最高神话

我国的畜牧业和屠宰加工业在过去的25年增长强劲,已经成了中国经济的一个重要组成部分。畜牧业的发展,正在改变我国亿万民众的食物结构,在改善人民生活水平上起着积极的作用。与此同时,我国畜牧业和屠宰加工业的发展,也为畜产品的出口创造了条件。然而,畜牧业不同于其他生产部门,它的持续稳定地增长不仅需要养殖技术的提高和发展,更要求业主对动物福利和肉品安全的关注。“沙斯”和禽流感的爆发以及欧共体对我国畜产品的抵制,说明养殖动物的福利好坏直接关系到畜产品的质量和人的健康和企业的健康发展。很多国家和地区,由于缺少对动物福利的…     

坏男人的性,让我欲罢不能

和现在的老公林结婚之前,我有过一个曾经深深相爱的男友启。和启分手,是我经历最痛苦的事,直到林走进我的生活,我的伤痛才慢慢平复。和林结婚,我以为将是一种平静而安宁的生活,没想到,和启在一起的那些曾让我忘情沉醉的快乐感觉和养成的某些性爱习惯,竟会成为我和老公亲热的障碍。     

解读《中国公民健康素养》(二)

19积极参加癌症筛查,及早发现癌症和癌前病变。癌症筛查和早期检测是发现癌症和癌前病变的重要途径,有利于癌症的早期发现和及时治疗,故应积极参加癌症定期检查。20.每个人都可能出现抑郁和焦虑情绪,正确认识抑郁症和焦虑症。情绪是人们对认知对象的一种内心感受或态度,分为积极情绪和消极情绪。积极情绪又称正面情绪,使人感到有信心、有希望、充满活力;消极情绪又称负面情绪,过度的消极情绪会对人的身心造成不良影响,严重时可能发展为抑郁症和焦虑症等。     

新医改后患者和医务人员满意度研究——以上海为例

目的:研究新医改实施后,医务人员的工作满意度和患者满意度情况。方法:采用问卷调查法,对上海地区8家社区卫生服务中心和4家综合性医院的医务人员和患者进行调查。结果:共回收有效问卷1 001份,其中患者问卷499份,医务人员问卷502份。医务人员和患者的总体满意度都较好。患者对行政监管、就医环境、服务态度和服务能力方面的满意度较好,对药品供应、医疗费用方面的满意度较低。医务人员对工作回报的满意度最低,对医院内工作环境的满意度水平最高。社区卫生服务中心的医务人员和患者的满意度普遍比综合医院好。结论:上海地区的医务人员和患者的总体满意度较好。今后应进一步加强知识宣传,优化诊疗流程,控制医疗费用,改善医疗执业环境和工作待遇。     

机遇与挑战并存 创新决定一切

马华民:2008年医药企业要获得发展壮大,首先是要进一步构建和加强企业自身的核心竞争力。包括准确定位和成本优势。同时,要密切关注政策和市场的变化,要有不断创新的开放性思维。并且能够在瞬息万变的政策和市场条件下找到和抓住重点,做得更好。这才是企业发展的关键所在。     

叶黄素和玉米黄质对视觉发育和健康的影响

叶黄素和玉米黄质是两种重要的类胡萝卜素,主要膳食来源为黄绿色蔬菜、水果和玉米、蛋黄等。母乳中含有一定量的叶黄素和玉米黄质,是母乳喂养儿的膳食来源。叶黄素和玉米黄质存在于人体各个组织中,但在视网膜黄斑区中央凹内层的浓度最高。叶黄素和玉米黄质的抗氧化特性和人体内的特征性分布,使得其与视觉发育和健康的关系备受关注。本文综述了叶黄素和玉米黄质的属性、人体分布、膳食来源以及对婴幼儿健康的影响,尤其是叶黄素和玉米黄质对视网膜可能具有的保护作用。     

孩子赤脚玩耍好处多

年轻的父母大都有这样的体会:孩子们都不大愿意穿鞋。其实从健康的角度讲,让孩子经常赤脚玩耍是大有益处的。孩子经常赤脚活动,可使脚底肌肉受到摩擦,有助于脚部以至于全身的血液循环和新陈代谢,提高大脑思维的灵敏度和记忆力以及孩子对外界变化的适应能力。经常赤脚裸露在新鲜空气和阳光下,有利于脚部汗液分泌和蒸发,提高身体抵抗力和耐受力,预防感冒和腹泻。赤脚运动对脚趾、     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.