预激综合征合并心房颤动的射频消融及远期随防

探讨导管射频消融阻断房室旁道治疗预激综合征（ＷＰＷ）合并心房颤动（ＡＦ）病人的远期疗效，对连续５８例ＷＰＷ合并ＡＦ进行射频消融阻断旁道并随访观察，其中男３２例、女２２例，年龄４２±１７岁，ＡＦ病史２３±１１年，发作频度为１１±９次／年，ＡＦ时心室率１７８±２７ｂｐｍ，心电图上最短ＲＲ间期为２２１±３８ｍｓ。合并器质性心脏病９例、合并心功能不全４例。５８例中右侧旁道占９０％（５２／５８）、左侧旁道占１０％（６／５８）；单旁道５５例、双旁道３例（均为右侧旁道）。右房室环游离壁旁道３７条（６１％）、右前间隔９条（１５％）、右后间隔７条（１１％）、右中间隔２条（３％）、左游离壁４条（７％）、左后间隔２条（３％）。首次消融成功率９４％，两次消融成功率１００％，３个月内心电图上预激复发３例（５％），经再次消融成功。随访２．０±１．８年，５７例不再发作ＡＦ（９８％），１例ＡＦ复发者（２％）合并Ｅｂｓｔｅｉｎ畸形和心功能不全，消融后ＡＦ发作次数比消融前明显减少，洋地黄容易控制心室率。４例心功能不全者在旁道阻断６个月后心功能恢复正常３例、改善１例。结论：短不应期房室旁道是导致ＷＰＷ病人发作ＡＦ的重要因素之一，采用导管射频消融?     

射频消融治疗Ebstein畸形合并的预激综合征并心房颤动体会一例

患者男,22岁,因反复心悸10余年,再发加重1个月,心电图提示B型预激综合征而行射频消融术,术前心脏超声发现先天性心脏病,Ebstein畸形,卵圆孔未闭。术中患者反复发作心房颤动并出现血流动力学紊乱,给予1次电击除颤转律及持续静脉应用可达龙,在心房颤动状态下行电生理标测并获消融成功。结论Ebstein畸形合并B型预激综合征患者,心脏结构的改变增加了射频消融治疗的难度,而心房颤动的反复发作使手术过程复杂化。     

预激综合征伴房颤射频消融治疗的探讨

目的观察房室旁路射频消融术与房室旁路射频消融联合环肺静脉电隔离术两种消融方法治疗预激综合征伴心房颤动患者的疗效。方法本研究纳入58例预激伴房颤患者,随机分为两组,一组为单纯行房室旁路射频消融术(单纯组)36例,另一组为房室旁路射频消融术联合环肺静脉电隔离术(联合组)22例,术后随访两组患者房颤的复发情况。结果最长随访42个月,最短随访3个月,两组随访期间均无一例患者发生房颤(p>0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论在预激伴房颤患者中,房室旁路射频消融联合环肺静脉电隔离术不优于单纯房室旁路消融术;房室旁路消融术可减少预激伴房颤患者的房颤再发率。     

胺碘酮对预激综合征合并心房颤动患者射频消融时心房颤动发作的预防作用

探讨胺碘酮对预激综合征合并阵发性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )患者房室旁道电生理特性的影响及其在射频消融术中对房颤发作的预防价值。选择有阵发性房颤史的预激综合征患者 4 7例 ,在行射频消融术前 2周口服胺碘酮0 .2g,每日 2次 ;4 5例未服胺碘酮和其他抗心律失常药者作对照组。心电生理检查测定旁道前传、逆传不应期(ERP) ,记录房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT)的诱发率和房颤的发生次数、发作时间及发作时的心室率 ,所有患者均同时行射频消融治疗。结果 :胺碘酮组旁道前传、逆传ERP均较对照组显著延长 ( 3 19± 4 8vs 2 3 5± 2 6ms ;3 0 5± 5 6vs2 4 0± 2 3ms,P均 <0 .0 1)。射频消融术中旁道存在逆传者在两组间无显著差别 ( 85 .1%vs 87.2 %) ,而胺碘酮组房颤的发作次数显著降低 ( 19.1%vs 60 .0 %,P <0 .0 1) ,发作时间显著缩短 ( 8.2± 4 .3vs2 3 .6± 11.7min ,P <0 .0 1) ,房颤发作时的心室率显著减慢 ( 12 7± 2 8vs 165± 3 4次 /分 ,P <0 .0 1) ,胺碘酮组消融治疗成功率与对照组无显著性差异 ( 10 0 %vs 95 .6%,P >0 .0 5 ) ,但手术操作与X线透视时间均显著低于对照组 ( 115 .6± 4 1.2vs 15 3 .1± 5 0 .6min ;3 5 .8± 16.4vs 4 9.3± 2 0 .2min ,P均 <0 .0 1)。结论 :胺碘酮可以有效预防射频消融     

隐匿性房室旁路合并心房颤动的射频消融及远期随访

隐匿性房室旁路合并房室折返性心动过速 (ａｔｒｉｏｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒｒｅｅｎｔｒｙｔａｃｈｙｃａｒｄｉａ ,ＡＶＲＴ)是导管消融的适应证 ,其中部分病人同时合并阵发性心房颤动 (房颤 ) ,导管消融阻断房室旁路(ａｔｒｉｏｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒａｃｃｅｓｓｏｒｙｐａｔｈｗａｙ,ＡＰ)的室房逆传能否对阵发性房颤的发作有治疗作用 ,至今少见有关方面报道 ,连续对我院 1994年 6月至 2 0 0 0年 6月的 6 7例隐匿性ＡＰ伴ＡＶＲＴ及阵发性房颤病人进行了射频消融及随访 ,结果如下。资料和方法　 6 7例病人中男性 4 5例 ,女性 2 2例 ,…     

右位心合并预激综合征的射频消融治疗

右位心合并预激综合征临床上少见,射频消融术治疗右位心合并心动过速,国内外少见报道。我们行射频消融术治疗成功１例,现报告如下。患者男性,１１岁,因阵发性心悸１０年,加重１年,于１９９７年４月２１日入院。患者出生６个月时因发热到当地医院就诊,检查发现镜像...     

三尖瓣下移畸形合并预激综合征的射频消融治疗

目的　探讨三尖瓣下移畸形合并预激综合征射频消融的临床效果。方法　对 7例预激综合征患者行三尖瓣环处射频消融治疗。结果　并三尖瓣下移畸形的预激综合症射频消融与心脏结构正常的右侧旁道消融相比成功率无差异 ,消融导管选择、操作方法及过程亦无特殊。平均消融时程和 X光曝光时间略有延长 ,但差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 )。随访 3～ 5 8个月 ,平均 (34± 11)个月 ,1例术后 4个月复发 ,经再次消融成功。结论　三尖瓣下移畸形合并预激综合征可行射频消融治疗。     

老年心房颤动不同方式的经导管射频消融治疗

目的研究不同方式经导管射频消融治疗对老年房颤的治疗效果。方法53例房颤患者，男性38例，女性15例，年龄60-83岁。按接受不同的经导管消融方法将上述患者分为3组：消融隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性房颤组20例、消融典型房扑治疗房颤合并房扑组26例、消融房室传导加植入永久性起搏器治疗持续性房颤伴药物难以控制的快速心室率和（或）心力衰竭组7例。结果消融隔离肺静脉组中15例采用环状标测电极导管引导电隔离3～4根肺静脉成功，术后无房颤发作8例（53％），房颤发作明显减少4例（27％）；采用电解剖系统引导下环双侧肺静脉线性消融隔离肺静脉5例，无房颤发作4例（80％）。消融房扑组26例典型房扑均消融成功，随访中15例（58％）无房颤发作，8例（31％）房颤发作较前减少。经导管消融房室传导组7例全部成功，4例行右心室、3例行双心室VVI模式起搏，随访中生活质量和（或）心力衰竭症状明显改善。结论针对不同类型的老年房颤患者采用不同的经导管消融方法可以取得较好的临床效果。     

经导管射频消融治疗肥厚性心肌病合并心房颤动的初步经验

目的报道经导管射频消融治疗肥厚性心肌病（HCM）伴心房颤动（房颤）,并对其可行性、安全性、有效性进行评价。方法回顾性分析2006年8月至2008年10月期间因HCM伴房颤且药物治疗效果较差至南京医科大学第一附属医院行经导管射频消融治疗的患者临床资料。患者均接受三维标测系统（Carto或EnSite—NavX）导航下环肺静脉消融术达到同侧肺静脉隔离,对持续性房颤再行左心房碎裂电位消融以及线性消融。消融术后3个月内继续服用抗心律失常药物,并于消融术后1、3、6个月行动态心电图检查,出现症状后立即行常规心电图,随访治疗效果。结果共11例HCM患者行射频消融术,年龄（52±17）岁,女性2例。其中6例为阵发性房颤,5例为持续性房颤。经导管射频消融后4周有1例因急性左心功能不良死亡,其余10例有4例复发,其中2例再次接受消融术。随访（14±10）个月,共有7例维持窦性心律,总成功率64％,未发生消融术相关的严重并发症。维持窦性心律者左心房内径及射血分数变化差异无统计学意义[（46±4）mmVS（46±4）mm,0．64±0．05VS0．66±0．04,P〉0．05],心功能改善（2．0±0．7VS1．2±0．4,P〈0．05,NYHA分级）。结论本文结果提示射频消融治疗HCM伴房颤安全且有效,术后维持窦性心律者心功能得到显著改善。     

Radiofrequency ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation by mesh catheter

Introduction  Pulmonary veins isolation usually requires a multielectrode catheter for mapping in addition to the ablation catheter. We describe our experience with a new multipolar catheter designed for simultaneous mapping and ablation (MESH, Bard). Methods and results  We tested the catheter in 15 patients (mean age 61.1 ± 7.9; eight men) scheduled for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation. The catheter was positioned in front of the pulmonary vein ostia. A pulmonary vein potential was demonstrated in 63.5% of the veins, which were disconnected with a mean of 1.6 radiofrequency applications with a mean time of 351 ± 125.8 s (range 180–650) for each vein. Mean procedural time was 93 ± 17.1 min (range 65–120), and fluoroscopy time was 13.7 ± 4.0 (range 5–15) min. No complications occurred during and after or procedures. Conclusion  Pulmonary veins disconnection with MESH ablator catheter is feasible with short procedural and X-ray exposure time. Further studies are needed to compare this new device to standard multipolar mapping catheters in order to evaluate its ability to correctly identify pulmonary vein potentials and to compare its safety and efficacy.     

心房颤动导管消融:机遇与挑战

心房颤动（简称房颤）是临床上最常见的心律失常之一。Miyasaka等在2006年发表的明尼苏达流行病学研究显示,美国1980年房颤的发病率为3．04‰,2000年房颤患者已为510万,2050年将达到1210万,在合并器质性心脏病的患者中,房颤的发病率更高。Framingham研究显示,房颤患者的死亡率是非房颤患者的1．5～1．9倍,房颤是脑卒中最强烈的独立危险因素,20％的中风事件与房颤有关。然而,药物治疗对于房颤而言,成功率低,不良反应明显。其窦性心律的维持更以致心律失常,甚至是死亡率增加为代价。由于房颤所引起的医学和社会问题日益受到重视,因而电生理学家一直在艰苦地探索房颤的非药物治疗方法,诸如房室结消融并植入起搏器等,但这些措施显然无法和自身窦性心律的维持相提并论,并且通常需要患者坚持复杂而长期的抗凝治疗。而外科的治疗措施创伤过大,并发症严重,无法达到房颤患者治疗要求。近来,随着对房颤机制的深入研究,以及肺静脉、腔静脉局灶起源学说的兴起,房颤导管消融已成为国内外电生理界最为关注的热点。     

Episodes of atrial fibrillation and atrial vulnerability after successful radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Episodes of atrial fibrillation occur in patients with WPW syndrome but frequently disappear after successful radiofrequency ablation. AIMS: To analyze the incidence of atrial fibrillation before and after successful ablation and the presence of increased atrial vulnerability. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-four of 183 WPW patients had at least one documented episode of atrial fibrillation before ablation. During a follow-up of 24 +/- 12 months 13/54 patients (24%) experienced atrial fibrillation. At baseline, the patients with atrial fibrillation were more often men (74%) vs 53%, P=0.007), were older (45 +/- 15 vs 34 +/- 16 years, P=0.0001), more often had pre-excitation during sinus rhythm (87% vs, 73%, P=0.04) and had increased atrial vulnerability (41%, vs 18%, P<0.001). Only patients with atrial fibrillation before, developed atrial fibrillation after ablation. The 13 (of 54) patients who relapsed were also older (53 +/- 13 vs 42 +/- 15 years, P= 0.03), had increased atrial vulnerability at baseline (77% vs 29%, P=0.002), and were more symptomatic, (13 +/- 21 vs 1 +/- 3 arrhythmia attacks/month, P=0001). No patient without atrial fibrillation before ablation developed atrial fibrillation after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The accessory pathway was important for the development of atrial fibrillation. Frequent tachycardias seem to promote an electrical remodelling and an increased atrial vulnerability to atrial fibrillation, whereas after successful ablation the majority of patients remain free of atrial fibrillation.     

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation in older patients: outcomes and complications

Introduction  Catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become a treatment option for younger patients with drug refractory AF. It is not known whether pulmonary veins (PV) have an important mechanistic role in elderly patients with AF or whether CA is an effective treatment for the elderly. Methods  We evaluated 240 consecutive patients that were referred to the electrophysiology laboratory for CA for AF using a PV antral isolation approach. Linear ablations were not routinely performed. Clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization was evaluated during the 12 months after CA in patients <65 years old (Group 1; 91 patients), 65–75 years old (Group II; 88 patients), and >75 years old (Group III; 61 patients). Results  Older patients were more likely to have persistent atrial fibrillation (I: 24%, II: 34%, III: 66%). Major complication rates (I: 1%; II: 1%; III: 0%; p=ns) and minor complication rates (I: 4%; II: 5%; III: 5%; p=ns) were similar for all three groups. At 12 month follow-up younger patients were more likely to be in sinus rhythm without prolonged episodes of atrial fibrillation without antiarrhythmic drug therapy (AARx) (I: 94%, II: 84%, III: 61%). However in Group III, effective treatment (AF <1 h/mo ± AARx) was achieved in 82% of patients. After radiofrequency catheter ablation, hospitalizations, emergency room and nonroutine clinic visits decreased significantly for all three groups during the 12 months after RFA (I: pre 22; post: 3; Group II: pre 26; post 4; III: pre 20; post 2). Conclusions  CA can be effective for treating AF in selected older patients as stand-alone therapy or as hybrid therapy with AARx. PVs appear to be an important arrhythmogenic structure regardless of age. CA is associated with decreased healthcare resource utilization in all age groups.     

环状标测电极指导下射频消融治疗阵发性房颤的临床分析

目的探讨环状标测电极指导下射频消融治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效。方法对23例阵发性房颤患者在环状电极指示下行经验性肺静脉和（或）上腔静脉电隔离。结果23例阵发性房颤患者中共隔离肺加上腔静脉87条，左上肺静脉22条，左下肺静脉18条，右上肺静脉22条，右下肺静脉12条，上腔静脉13条，平均每例3．78条。平均操作时间和X线透视时间分别为（148±34）min和（52±9）min。1例发生术中心包填塞，2例行2次手术。平均随访（3．8±1．6）个月，20例无房颤复发，2例有房早发作，成功22例。结论阵发性心房颤动采用环状标测电极指导下射频消融电隔离术对绝大多数患者是有效的，并能改善患者的心功能情况。     

经导管点状射频消融反复短阵"心房颤动"

目的　报道反复短阵快速房性心律失常的电生理特性、射频导管消融方法和结果。方法　对 32例自发的反复短阵快速房性心律失常患者进行射频导管消融。观察房性心律失常的心内激动顺序和周长。单极和双极标测快速房性心律失常的起源病灶 ,并进行消融。结果　 32例患者的快速房性心律失常的心电图表现酷似心房颤动。AA间期绝对不齐 16 0～ 4 5 0ms,平均 (2 87± 93)ms ,而心房激动顺序则绝对规整有序。局部点状消融成功治疗所有患者的房性心律失常。平均随访 (14± 8)个月 ,1例复发。结论　反复短阵快速房性心律失常是一种局灶性房性心动过速 ,而非心房颤动。点状消融可达到根治的目的。