急性脑血管病患者血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的动态观察

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法对８６例急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）患者及４２例正常对照血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平进行了动态检测。结果显示脑梗塞和脑出血急性期血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组；血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平变化既与出血量、梗塞体积密切相关，也与ＡＣＶＤ预后密切相关；动态观察显示恢复期患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著低于急性期患者，但仍然明显高于正常对照组。结果提示急性期及恢复期的ＡＣＶＤ患者Ｔ细胞处于活化状态，检测ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ对判断ＡＣＶＤ病情、推测预后有重要临床价值     

急性脑血管病患者可溶性白细胞介素—2受体的检测

目的探讨急性脑血管病患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ含量的变化及其与病情的联系。方法采用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ。结果急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平较正常对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．００１），动态观察发现ＡＣＶＤ患者急性期血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著高于恢复期（Ｐ＜０．００１），至恢复期时达正常范围。结论血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平不仅可反映ＡＣＶＤ患者机体免疫状态，并可作为病情及判断预后的重要指标。     

急性脑血管患者血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的动态观察

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法对８６例急性脑血管病患者及４２例正常对照血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体水平进行了动态检测。结果显示脑梗脑出血急性期血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组；血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平变化既与出血量，梗塞体积密切相关，也与ＡＣＶＤ预后密切相关；动态观察显示恢复期患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著低于急性期患者，但仍然明显高于正常对照组。     

重症肌无力患者血清sIL－2R水平检测及其临床意义

本文对４２例重症肌无力（ＭＧ）患者及４０例正常对照者血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平进行了检测，并对１４例ＭＧ患者在应用糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）治疗后ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平变化进行了观察。结果：全身型及眼肌型ＭＧ患者皆显著高于正常对照组，而全身型患者明显高于眼肌型患者，病情重者明显高于病情轻者，预后好者显著低于预后差者，ＧＣ治疗后其ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平显著降低。提示ＭＧ患者血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平变化与ＭＧ临床表现密切相关，ＧＣ对ＭＧ患者ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ的产生有重要影响     

重症肌无力患者血清sIL—2R水平检测及其临床意义

本文对４２例重症肌无力患者及４０例正常对照者血清可溶性白细胞介素２受体水平进行了检测，并对１４例ＭＧ患者在应用糖皮质激素治疗后ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平变化进行了观察。结果；全身型及眼肌型ＭＧ患者皆显著高于正常对照组，而全身型患者明显高于眼肌型患者，病情重者明显高于病情轻者，预后好者显著低于预后差者，ＧＣ治疗后其ｓＩＬ－２４水平显著降低。     

首发精神分裂症患者的细胞免疫改变

目的研究未经治疗的首发精神分裂症患者细胞免疫功能状态。方法３０例符合入组标准的首发精神分裂症患者和１１名正常人，用流式细胞仪测定外周血ＣＤ＋３、ＣＤ＋４和ＣＤ＋８Ｔ淋巴细胞，ＭＴＴ法检测患者血浆ＩＬ－２活性和酶标法检测血浆ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平。比较细胞免疫功能。结果发现精神分裂症患者血浆ＩＬ－２水平显著高于正常志愿者，ＣＤ＋３、ＣＤ＋４Ｔ淋巴细胞数量降低，ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平和ＣＤ＋８Ｔ淋巴细胞没有明显变化。结论精神分裂症患者细胞免疫功能异常活化，活化的细胞免疫功能可能与精神分裂症的发生有关，作用机制有待进一步研究。     

急性脑血管病患者血清NO、sIL-2R含量变化及临床意义

目的：探讨急性脑血管病（ＡＣＶＤ）患者血清中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）和可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平的动态变化及临床意义。方法： ＮＯ采用分光光度比色法测定; ｓＩＬ－ ２Ｒ采用ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法测定。结果：急性脑血管病患者急性期血清ＮＯ和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ均显著高于正常对照组（ｐ＜ ０．０１）,并且依神经功能缺损积分重型组明显高于轻型组（ｐ＜ ０．０５）;两周后复查,好转组ＮＯ较急性期显著下降,接近正常对照组（ｐ＞ ０．０５）,而ｓＩＬ－ ２Ｒ较急性期下降,但仍高于正常对照组（０．０５＞ｐ＞ ０．０１）。结论： ＮＯ参与了脑缺血再灌注的损伤过程;急性脑血管病患者存在着免疫激活,检测ＮＯ和ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ对判断ＡＣＶＤ病情、推测预后有重要临床价值。     

几种小儿神经系疾病白细胞介素Ⅱ受体和自然杀伤细胞的观察

采用间接免疫荧光法对小儿病脑（７４例）、化脑（６６例）及癫痫（５３例）患儿外周血白细胞介素Ⅱ受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）及自然杀伤细胞（ＣＤ１６）进行了检测，结果显示：①病例组ＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＣＤ１６均明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；②ＩＬ－２Ｒ在病脑、化脑急性期升高尤为明显，恢复期有所下降，与病情呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）；③ＣＤ１６的改变与ＩＬ－２Ｒ的改变相平行，但在病脑恢复期无明显下降。从而提示病脑、比脑及癫痫患儿均存在免疫功能系乱，ＩＬ－２Ｒ可能是上述疾病时参与免疫应答的重要细胞因子的表达，ＣＤ１ｅ的改变与ＩＬ－２Ｒ的升高有关，对临床病情估计和预后判断有一定意义。     

精神分裂症病人的外周血免疫学参数

为探讨不同亚型精神分型精神分裂症患者的免疫功能状态，对４１例病人Ｔ细胞亚群、ＮＫ细胞ＣＤ５６的的表达、白细胞介素４（ＩＬ－４）及可溶性白细胞介素２受体进行检测，并以１５例健康人为对照。结果显示，Ⅰ型患者ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋细胞数、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值显著低于对照组，ＣＤ５６＋细胞数、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ显著高于对照组；Ⅱ型患者ＣＤ８＋细胞数明显升高，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值下降，而ＣＤ５６＋、ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋ＩＬ     

53例病毒性脑炎脑脊液可溶性白细胞介素II受体的检测

本文采用单抗体与多抗体夹心法检测了５３例急性病毒性脑炎（简称疾脑）患儿脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中可溶性白细胞介素Ⅱ受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）的水平，并对其中的２８例进行了恢复期ＣＳＦ的检测，结果表明，急性期病脑ＣＳＦ中的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ较正常对照组显著增高（Ｐ〈０．００１），至恢复期，ＣＳＦ中的ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ显著下降，与急性期比较差异显著（Ｐ〈０．００１）。     

Effect of high-dose steroid therapy on T-cell subpopulations A longitudinal study in MS patients

Lymphocyte subpopulations, T cell activation antigens, and serum levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL2R), were studied in relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) patients before and after high-dose steroid therapy. Prior to therapy, a minority of patients showed increased HLA-DR antigen expression, and an increased number of CD16 + and CD19+ cells. Steroid treatment induced a significant increase in HLA-DR and CD 19 expression, a significant reduction in CD 16 +, CD57 +, and CD8 + CD57 + cells, and a slight, non-significant, decrease in IL-2 and sIL-2R levels and CD25 expression on CD4 + T lymphocytes.     

In-vitro Immunomodulatory Effects of Haloperidol and Perazine in Schizophrenia

Summary: There are some reports describing concurrent changes in lymphocytic and monocytic activities in schizophrenia. In this study we investigated T cell activity in schizophrenic patients by measuring the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) by T cells and the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in blood. The release of IL-2 and sIL-2R by T cells was evaluated in dilute whole blood after in-vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. IL-2 levels and the percentage of CD4-cells tended to decrease and sIL-2R levels decreased significantly in schizophrenic patients. Haloperidol and perazine significantly decreased IL-2 levels and increased sIL-2R levels and the percentage CD4-cells. IL-2 and sIL-2R levels were lower in patients with a predominance of positive symptoms. The neuroleptic-induced increase in sIL-2R levels was higher in patients with a predominance of positive symptoms compared with those in whom both positive and negative symptoms were severe. The study has shown that T-cell activity is reduced in schizophrenia and that neuroleptics may have immunomodulatory properties.     

In-vitro immunomodulatory effects of haloperidol and perazine in schizophrenia.

There are some reports describing concurrent changes in lymphocytic and monocytic activities in schizophrenia. In this study we investigated T cell activity in schizophrenic patients by measuring the release of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) by T cells and the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in blood. The release of IL-2 and sIL-2R by T cells was evaluated in dilute whole blood after in-vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. IL-2 levels and the percentage of CD4-cells tended to decrease and sIL-2R levels decreased significantly in schizophrenic patients. Haloperidol and perazine significantly decreased IL-2 levels and increased sIL-2R levels and the percentage CD4-cells. IL-2 and sIL-2R levels were lower in patients with a predominance of positive symptoms. The neuroleptic-induced increase in sIL-2R levels was higher in patients with a predominance of positive symptoms compared with those in whom both positive and negative symptoms were severe. The study has shown that T-cell activity is reduced in schizophrenia and that neuroleptics may have immunomodulatory properties.     

重症肌无力患者细胞免疫水平的检测及临床意义

目的 :探讨周围血中 T细胞亚群、NK细胞、细胞膜白细胞介素 - 2受体、可溶性白细胞介素 - 2受体的阳性细胞与 MG发病及临床疗效的关系。方法 :1.应用流式细胞仪检测外周围血 m IL- 2 R(CD2 5)阳性细胞、NK(CD5 6 )和T细胞亚群 (CD3 、CD4、CD8)的相对计数。 2 .用富氏双抗体夹心 EL ISA方法检测血清 s IL- 2 R。结果 :1.MG患者血清s IL- 2 R水平明显高于健康对照组 ,激素治疗后较治疗前明显下降 ;2 .NK和 CD4阳性细胞在治疗前均明显高于正常 ,治疗后明显下降 ;3.CD3 阳性细胞在激素治疗前后无明显改变 ;4.m IL- 2 R(CD2 5)阳性细胞数无明显改变。结论 :1.血清中的 s IL- 2 R,NK细胞的测定可对该病进行动态观察 ;2 .CD4增高 ,CD8下降提示免疫功能紊乱 ;3.m IL- 2 R阳性细胞百分率不能直接反映 MG的免疫功能紊乱。     

Immune disturbances during major depression: upregulated expression of interleukin-2 receptors

We determined the following immune parameters in drug-free, major depressed patients and in age- and sex-matched healthy controls: the number and percentage of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) bearing cells (CD25+, anti-TAC), serum circulating levels of soluble (s)IL-2Rs, the pre- and postdexamethasone phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced accumulation of sIL-2Rs in culture supernatant, and the number of T helper (CD4+) and T suppressor (CD8+) cells. In comparison with normal volunteers, patients with major depression had a higher number and percentage of CD25+ cells, higher concentrations of serum circulating sIL-2Rs, higher supernatant sIL-2Rs after stimulation with PHA, and a higher number of CD4+ cells. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the number of CD4+ cells were significantly and positively related to the number of cells expressing the CD25+ antigen. These results may indicate that depressed patients display an increased number of T cells in an early phase of activation.     

Systemic immune aberrations in Alzheimer's disease patients

The role of chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been implied in a plethora of studies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the immune alterations and the immunological markers in patients suffering from AD. IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-alpha cytokine and helper/inducer (CD4), suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8) T lymphocyte levels were investigated in patients with various degrees of cognitive impairment (mild-moderate and severe stage), as well as in age-matched non demented controls. Cytokines were measured using the ELISA immunoassay method and lymphocytes using flow cytometry. Results showed a significant TNF-alpha increase in patients of severe stage serum compared to controls as well as a significant decrease of CD4 lymphocyte subpopulation levels in patients of severe stage compared to those of mild-moderate stage patients and controls. No significant differences were observed on IL-1alpha, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 cytokine levels and on CD8, CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations levels between patients and controls neither between mild moderate and severe stage patients. CD4 lymphocyte subpopulation and cytokine IL-2 were revealed as having a significant relationship (positive and negative respectively) with the MMSE score of patients. Data suggest the existence of detectable changes of peripheral immune system in AD.     

Soluble CD4 and CD8 in the peripheral blood of patients with multiple sclerosis and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy

We evaluated the presence of soluble (s) CD4 and sCD8, released from activated T cells, in the sera of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, peripheral blood T cell subsets in patients with MS and HAM were analyzed by single and two color flow cytometry. The serum level of sCD8 was significantly elevated in MS patients as compared with controls (p less than 0.001). Sera from patients with an exacerbation of acute relapsing MS showed a higher sCD8 level than the patients in remission or controls (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The serum levels of both sCD4 and sCD8 were also significantly elevated in patients with HAM (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.001, respectively). In addition, a significantly increased serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was found in patients with HAM as compared with that of controls (p less than 0.001). These observations suggest that CD8 cells may be activated in the peripheral blood of patients with MS and sCD8 may be related to clinical activity, but that both CD4 and CD8 cells may be activated in the peripheral blood of patients with HAM.     

Elevated soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in patients with active multiple sclerosis

The level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was quantitated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid obtained from 24 patients with multiple sclerosis and 10 patients with other neurological disorders in whom immunological mechanisms are unlikely to participate. The sIL-2R level in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis in relapse was significantly higher compared with patients with multiple sclerosis in remission and with controls. The sIL-2R level, especially in the cerebrospinal fluid, showed higher sensitivity and specificity than other clinical parameters including the cerebrospinal fluid IgG ratio, peripheral lymphocyte CD4/CD8 ratio, cerebrospinal fluid myelin basic protein and oligoclonal bands. Our data suggest that measurement of the sIL-2R level may be useful in evaluating disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis.     

Fenotipos de linfocitos periféricos en las enfermedades de Alzheimer y Parkinson

IntroductionNeuroinflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, in particular Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in the blood-brain barrier may allow peripheral blood lymphocytes to enter the central nervous system; these may participate in disease pathogenesis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the peripheral blood lymphocyte profiles of patients with AD and PD and their association with the disease and its progression.MethodsThe study included 20 patients with AD, 20 with PD, and a group of healthy individuals. Ten of the patients with AD and 12 of those with PD were evaluated a second time 17 to 27 months after the start of the study. Lymphocyte subpopulations and their activation status were determined by flow cytometry. All patients underwent neurological examinations using internationally validated scales.ResultsCompared to healthy individuals, patients with AD and PD showed significantly higher levels of activated lymphocytes, lymphocytes susceptible to apoptosis, central memory T cells, and regulatory T and B cells. As the diseases progressed, there was a significant decrease in activated cells (CD4+ CD38+ and CD8+ CD38 + in PD and AD, CD4+ CD69+ and CD8+ CD69+ in PD), T cells susceptible to apoptosis, and some regulatory populations (CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ in PD and AD, CD19+ CD5+ IL10+ FoxP3+, CD4+ FoxP3+ CD25+ CD45RO+ in PD). In patients with AD, disease progression was associated with lower percentages of CD4+ CD38+ cells and higher percentages of effector CD4 cells at the beginning of the study. Significant differences were observed between both diseases.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotypes associated with AD and PD and their severity. Considering effective blood-brain communication, our results open new avenues of research into immunomodulation therapies to treat these diseases.     

脑胶质细胞瘤病人IL-2和sIL-2R表达及细胞免疫功能变化的意义

目的 研究脑胶质细胞瘤病人外周血中自细胞介素2（IL-2）、可溶性白细胞介素2受体（sIL-2R）的表达以及红细胞免疫和T淋巴细胞亚群的变化规律．探讨它们之间的相互关系。方法 对55例脑胶质瘤病人及55例健康献血员．采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法测定血清IL-2、sIL-2R含量，免疫黏附法测定红细胞免疫活性及其调节功能，链亲和素一过氧化物酶（SP）一步法测定CD3、CD4、CD8细胞数。结果 脑胶质细胞瘤组IL-2含量较对照组显著性降低（P〈0.01），sIL-2R则显著性升高（P〈0．01）；红细胞C3b受体（RBC-C3bR）、红细胞免疫调节促进因子（RFER）亦显著性降低（P〈0．01），而红细胞免疫复合物（RBC-ICR）、红细胞免疫调节抑制因子（RFm）则显著性升高（P〈0．01）；CD3、CD4细胞数显著性降低（P〈0．001），而CD8无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 脑胶质细胞瘤病人存在免疫功能低下；检测血清IL-2和sIL-2R含量、红细胞免疫功能及T细胞亚群活性，对脑胶质细胞瘤病人的免疫机制研究具有重要意义。