623名学龄前儿童龋病调查报告

当今,在发达国家儿童龋病患病率呈下降趋势,而在发展中国家,儿童患龋率呈上升趋势,有学者报告我国学龄前儿童(3～6岁)患龋率为64%～79%.为了更好地指导并开展儿童龋病防治工作,我科于2004年对武汉市东西湖区623名3～6岁儿童进行了龋病发病情况调查.     

农村社区儿童口腔健康状况的调查研究

目的　调查农村地区儿童与青少年口腔健康状况 ,为开展农村社区口腔保健项目制订相应对策。方法　采用随机分层、整群抽样的方法 ,抽取两个省的二个乡镇社区 1～ 12岁儿童及 15岁、18岁青少年共计 2 793名。采用WHO的基本调查方法进行龋病与牙周病患病状况的调查 ,分析学龄前无龋儿童与高龋儿童 (龋均 >3)的分布状况 ,以及调查青少年的牙周健康状况 ,评价疾病的分布范围与严重程度 ,以便确定干预的重点。结果　学龄前儿童乳牙患龋水平很高 ,6岁儿童患龋率为 72 .9% ,龋均 3.6 4 ;其中无龋儿童为 2 7.15 % ,高龋儿童 5 2 .2 % ,97%的龋未经治疗。 7～ 12岁儿童乳牙患龋率随年龄增长逐年下降 ,至 12岁仍有乳牙龋残留。恒牙患龋水平很低 ,12岁患龋率 2 1% ,龋均 0 .38,95 %未经治疗。青少年软垢指数为中等水平 ,口腔卫生状况普遍较差 ,牙龈炎与牙石严重 ,浅牙周袋很少 ,无深牙周袋 ,未发现牙周炎问题。结论　农村儿童乳牙龋患严重 ,恒牙龋水平很低 ,大多数龋未经治疗。口腔卫生状况较差 ,牙龈炎、牙石严重。发展农村社区保健项目 ,初级口腔卫生保健应是重点。     

沈阳市5375名3～6岁学龄前儿童乳牙龋病流行病学调查分析

目的了解沈阳市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况,为龋病防治提供科学依据。方法按照第二次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对沈阳市53所幼儿园的5375名3～6岁学龄前儿童进行龋病检查,对患龋率和龋均等指标做调查统计,结果采用SPSS11.0统计软件包进行分析,包括t检验、单因素方差分析和χ2检验。结果学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率和龋均分别为71.29%和3.88,龋面均为5.56;随着年龄的增长,患龋率、龋均和龋面均逐渐增加,各年龄组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05);上颌牙患龋率显著高于下颌牙(P<0.01)。龋齿主要为浅龋,咬合面和邻面龋占绝大多数。龋齿充填构成比为10.82%,随着年龄的增长,龋齿充填构成比逐渐增加。结论沈阳市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率较高,充填率较低,应加强对学龄前儿童龋病的早期防治。     

上海市徐汇区学龄前儿童龋病状况调查

目的：了解上海市徐汇区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况,为龋病防治提供科学依据。方法：以上海市徐汇区75所公办幼儿园10401名3?6岁儿童为调查对象,按照第4次全国口腔健康流行病学调查诊断标准进行口腔检查,提取龋病情况资料,包括患龋率、龋均、龋齿充填率。采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计学分析。结果：10401名受检儿童中,最容易患龋的牙位为上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙。患龋率为46.62%（4849/10401）,龋均为2.14?3.34,龋齿充填率为15.87%（3529/22243）。随着年龄增长,儿童患龋率和龋均增加（P<0.05）。6岁年龄儿童的龋齿充填率最高（P<0.05）,不同性别的龋齿充填率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：上海市徐汇区学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率较高,龋齿充填率较低,应加强对学龄前儿童龋病的早期防治。     

西安市2829名学龄前儿童乳牙龋患率调查

目的:了解西安市学龄前儿童乳牙龋病患病情况,便于更好地指导并开展龋病防治工作。方法:对西安市6所幼儿园2 829名学龄前儿童进行口腔检查。结果:2 829名受检儿童中,乳牙患龋儿童2 329名,患龋率82.33%,龋均4.4,乳磨牙窝沟封闭率为1.28%,性别间患龋率无差异,患龋率和龋均随年龄增高而上升,6岁患儿最高。结论:西安市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋率高于全国平均水平,应当引起足够重视,提高家长和社会的口腔健康意识,加大防治力度,保护儿童健康成长。     

重庆市学龄前儿童乳牙龋状况及影响因素分析

目的 探讨重庆市3~5岁学龄前儿童乳牙患龋状况及相关影响因素,为学龄前儿童龋病的预防和干预提供相关资料。方法 参考第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查,对重庆市4个区学龄前儿童进行抽样调查,同时对家长进行问卷调查。利用Epidata 3.1和SPSS 21.0软件进行结果录入和统计学分析。结果 共计1 350名学龄前儿童纳入调查分析,口腔检查相关数据显示乳牙龋好发牙位是上颌乳中切牙和下颌乳磨牙,乳牙患龋率为51.4%（694/1 350）,龋均为2.34,各年龄组间患龋率和龋均差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,且二者随着年龄增长而上升（P<0.05）。除5岁组男、女龋均有统计学差异外（P<0.05）,其余患龋率和龋均在不同性别间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。61.7%龋坏集中在36.1%个体口腔中。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、家长的最高学历、甜饮料（包括碳酸饮料等）摄入频率、过去1年是否有牙痛或不适、是否看过牙、牙齿和口腔健康状况自评对乳牙患龋有重要影响（P<0.05）。结论 重庆地区3~5岁儿童超过半数患龋,多数龋齿集中发生在少数患儿口内。乳牙患龋与年龄、家长的最高学历、甜饮料（包括碳酸饮料等）摄入频率、过去1年是否有牙痛或不适、是否看过牙、牙齿和口腔健康状况自评有关。     

武汉市东西湖区3～5岁儿童龋病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的:了解东西湖区儿童口腔健康状况,为当地口腔卫生预防工作和儿童的龋病预防提供依据.方法:对东西湖区8所幼儿园1 624名3～5岁儿童进行了口腔健康状况的调查,并对调查数据进行统计分析.结果:受检的1624名3～5岁儿童乳牙平均患龋率为48.40％,龋均为3.39,龋齿充填率为1.99％.女童患龋率高于男童,分别为50.07％和47.20％,二者之间差异无统计学意义,患龋率随年龄增长有上升趋势,3、4、5岁组分别为35.85％、51.66％和56.33％.结论:东西湖区3～5岁儿童患龋率和龋均均较高,应加强学龄前儿童的龋病防治工作.     

辽宁省5岁儿童龋病流行病学抽样调查分析

目的:了解辽宁省5岁儿童患龋状况及影响因素,监测龋病的患病趋势,为儿童龋病预防提供科学依据。方法:按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,对辽宁省城乡6个地区的792例5岁儿童进行了口腔健康状况调查。采用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行分析。结果:792例受检者的患龋率和龋均分别为73.86%和4.38,农村和城市地区的患龋率分别为83.59%和64.14%,农村高于城市,经统计学检验具有非常显著的差异(χ2=16.07,P<0.01);男女之间患龋率无显著性差异(χ2=0.46,P>0.05)。辽宁省5岁儿童患龋率和龋均均显著低于10年前的调查结果。结论:应当重视辽宁省学龄前儿童的口腔健康状况,采取各种有效预防措施,降低龋病的发生。     

石河子市3~5岁学龄前儿童龋病流行病学调查分析

目的了解石河子市3~5岁学龄前儿童龋病流行状况,为预防儿童龋病提供依据。方法利用PPS抽样调查方法,抽取3所幼儿园3~5岁年龄组,每年龄组男女各18人,进行基本信息及牙冠部口腔检查等专业项目调查,结果进行统计分析。结果抽样幼儿园儿童总患龋率63.89%,三个幼儿园儿童患龋率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=2.465,P=0.292),私立幼儿园龋均高于公立幼儿园;三个年龄组患龋率比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=6.020,P=0.049),患龋率和龋均随着年龄的增加而有所升高;男童和女童患龋率差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.013,P=0.908),龋均女童高于男童。结论石河子市抽样儿童龋病分布受教育环境影响不大,总患龋率高,患龋年龄低且严重,应提高家长及政府对早期乳牙的关注。     

自贡市学龄前儿童乳牙龋病发病情况调查分析

目的调查自贡市3～7岁学龄前儿童乳牙龋病发病情况。方法采取整群抽样方法由专职口腔保健医生在自然光线下采取视诊和探诊进行检查。龋病调查按龋病、牙周病全国性统一调查规定进行。结果总患龋率56.84%,受检者龋均2.65,患者龋均4.66。结论年龄、口腔卫生、生活条件等均与龋病发病有着密切关系,学龄前便应抓紧防治龋病工作。     

江西省3~5岁儿童对口腔卫生服务需求与就诊利用的现状及对策

目的 了解江西省3~5岁儿童口腔卫生服务需求与就诊利用现状,为制定相关的口腔保健政策,提高口腔卫生服务利用及就诊率,优化口腔人力及服务资源提供数据支持。方法 采用分层整群抽样法随机抽取2 880名儿童进行口腔检查,并对家长进行问卷调查。检查方法和诊断标准参照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案的规定。用Excel 2007和SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行处理,主要方法为统计描述,卡方检验与Logistic回归分析。结果 2 880例3~5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为49.13%（1 415/2 880）,53.37%（1 537/2 880）的儿童有口腔卫生服务需求,低年龄儿童家长对孩子的口腔状况评价好于高年龄儿童（P<0.05）,城市儿童的评价好于农村儿童（P<0.05）。全部调查对象的口腔就诊率为12.33%（355/2 880）;有口腔疾病儿童就诊率为17.31%（266/1 537）,未就诊原因的前3位依次为：“认为孩子的牙没问题”、“以为牙坏得不严重”、“认为乳牙会替换不需要看”。影响就诊的因素：女性较男性就诊率低（OR=0.499,95%CI：0.411~0.606）,农村较城市就诊率低（OR=0.428,95%CI：0.353~0.519）,口腔健康状况差、口腔知识得分高的对象其口腔就诊率高。结论 江西省3~5岁儿童患龋率低于全国水平,有口腔卫生服务需要而主动寻求就诊服务的比例较低,就诊目的以治疗为主,预防咨询较少。相关部门应加强口腔健康教育宣传并建议纳入幼师培训计划,以提高居民就诊意识和儿童口腔健康水平。     

Caries-preventive effect of an oral health program for preschool children in a low socio-economic, multicultural area in Sweden: results after one year

The aim of this study was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of an oral health program for preschool children living in a multicultural, low socio-economic area. In total, 804 2-year-old children were invited and recalled every 3rd month to an outreach facility for parent education and toothbrushing instruction. In addition, fluoride tablets (0.25 mg/day) were provided free of charge. A clinical examination and questionnaire were completed at baseline and at age 3 years. The results of the intervention were compared with a non-intervention Reference group of 3-year-old children (n=217) from the same area. In the Intervention group, the 1-year attrition rate was 8.2%, and more than 90% of the children attended at least 4 of their scheduled appointments. The parents' daily assistance with toothbrushing and the use of fluoride toothpaste and tablets improved significantly during the intervention. Compared with the Reference group when the children were 3 years old, the number of children in the Intervention group who consumed frequent in-between meals and sweet drinks at night was significantly lower. Caries prevalence at age 3 was significantly lower in the Intervention group than in the Reference group (3.0 deft versus 4.4 deft; p<0.01). The number of caries-free children after the 1-year intervention was 37% in the Intervention group compared with 15% in the Reference group. The relative risk (RR) was calculated to be 2.5 (95% CI 1.8-3.4) and the number needed to treat (NNT) 4.6. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the oral health program significantly affected the prevalence of caries and various risk factors for caries development.     

包头市3~5岁儿童龋病患病的相关因素分析

目的:分析包头市3~5岁儿童龋病患病的相关因素。方法:于包头市随机抽取的10所幼儿园中,随机选择3~5岁儿童496名为研究对象。经口腔医生检查,发现患龋病326例,为病例组,未患龋病170名,为对照组。对两组年龄、性别、每日进零食次数和每日刷牙次数等25项可能与患龋病有关的因素予以调查、记录。以logistic多元回归筛选相关因素。结果:排除进入模型的其他因素混杂作用后,每日进零食次数每增加1次,促进患龋病的危险是原来的1.249倍(OR=1.249>1,其95%可信区间内不包含1,P<0.05);断奶时间≥1岁促进患龋病的危险是＜1岁断奶的2.812倍(OR=2.812>1,其95%可信区间内不包含1,P<0.01);而不含奶瓶入睡、睡前不吃零食和不喝碳酸饮料促进患龋病的危险分别是含奶瓶入睡、睡前吃零食和喝碳酸饮料的0.194、0.302和0.031倍(OR分别是0.194、0.302和0.031,均OR<1,其95%可信区间内均不包含1,均P<0.01)。结论:增加进零食次数和断奶时间≥1岁是包头市3~5岁儿童患龋病的危险因素;而不含奶瓶入睡、睡前不吃零食和不喝碳酸饮料为其保护因素。     

Effectiveness of an oral health education and caries prevention program in kindergartens in China

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of a 2-year oral health education and caries prevention program implemented in kindergartens in China. METHODS: Seven hundred and thirty-one 3-year-old children were recruited from 10 kindergartens in Miyun County, Beijing, China. The kindergartens were randomly divided into two groups. Oral health education was provided to teachers in the test kindergartens every 3 months. Oral health education sessions were conducted for the test children monthly and for their parents semiannually. Children in the test kindergarten brushed their teeth twice daily with fluoridated toothpaste (1100 ppm F-) in their kindergarten under the supervision of teachers during weekdays. No oral health education session and no supervised tooth brushing activities were carried out in the control kindergartens. A clinical examination of the study children and a questionnaire survey of their parents were conducted at baseline and after a 2-year program. RESULTS: Five hundred and fourteen children remained in the study after 2 years. The mean caries increments of the test group (n = 258) and the control group (n = 256) were 2.47 and 3.56 dmfs, respectively. The reduction in dmfs increment was 30.6% (P = 0.009). At the evaluation, a significantly higher percentage of children in the test group than in the control group reported brushing their teeth twice a day (87.6% vs. 69.0%; P < 0.001). Parents of children in the test group had better oral health knowledge and attitude than the parents of children in the control group. CONCLUSION: This oral health education program was effective in establishing good oral health habits among preschool children and in increasing oral health knowledge of their parents, in conjunction with supervised daily tooth brushing with fluoridated toothpaste, which could reduce the development of new dental caries in preschool children in China.     

多维度口腔清洁干预模式对区域学龄前儿童防龋效果的评价

目的:探讨多维度口腔清洁干预模式对区域学龄前儿童(3～6 岁)的防龋效果.方法 :于2016年10月随机抽取上海市静安区12所幼儿园600名3～4 岁儿童,分为对照组和实验组(每组6 所幼儿园300名儿童).对照组进行常规口腔保健教育,实验组采用多维度口腔清洁干预模式进行干预,随访观察2 年,比较2 组儿童的口腔清洁行...     

Oral microflora in preschool children attending a fluoride varnish program: a cross-sectional study

Background

To compare the oral microflora in preschool children attending a fluoride varnish program with a reference group receiving a standard oral health program without fluoride varnish applications. A second aim was to relate the microbial composition to the caries prevalence.

Methods

Five hundred seven 3-year-old children were enrolled from a cohort of 3403 preschool children taking part in a community based oral health project. Two hundred sixty-three of them had attended caries-preventive program with semi-annual applications of a fluoride varnish since the age of 1 year (test group) while 237 had received standard preventive care (reference group). Oral samples were collected with a sterile swab and analysed with checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization using 12 pre-determined bacterial probes. Caries and background data were collected from clinical examinations and questionnaires.

Results

Gram-positive streptococci (S. intermedius, S. salivarius, S. oralis) were most frequently detected and displayed the highest counts in both groups. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning prevalence of any of the selected bacterial strains except for S. oralis that occurred less frequently in the reference group. In children with caries, V. parvula were significantly more common (p?<?0.05) while strains of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Neisseria were more prevalent among the caries-free children (p?<?0.05).

Conclusions

A 2-year community program with semi-annual fluoride varnish applications did not seem to significantly influence the oral microflora in preschool children.

Trial registration

www.controlled-trials.com (ISRCTN35086887) 20131216 ‘retrospectively registered’.

     

深圳福田社区老年人根面龋干预模式研究

目的:探究分析深圳市福田区益田社区老年人根面龋的干预效果。方法:2013年1月~2015年1月从福田区益田社区随机选取65岁以上老年人100例,分为干预组(n=50)和对照组(n=50),利用社康中心每年为65岁以上老年人进行一次健康体检,开展基线调查,掌握老年人根面龋情况,并进行风险评估。干预组采用健康教育联合根面涂玻璃离子保护膜为核心的综合干预,对照组不采取任何干预,随访18个月,观察两组老年人的根面龋防治效果。结果:嗜好甜食、睡前刷牙习惯以及刷牙频率等因素是影响老年人根面龋发生的关键因素,干预组老年人根面龋防治成功率(92.0%)显著高于对照组(64.0%),两组比较具有显著性统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:健康教育联合根面涂玻璃离子保护膜干预能够有效提高社区老年人根面龋的防治效果,针对老年人根面龋发生的影响因素,应指导老年人注意日常生活习惯的改善,加强健康教育指导,同时采取根面涂玻璃离子保护膜的防护措施,最大程度上降低老年根面龋发生率。     

Prevalence of dental caries and toothbrushing habits among preschool children in Khartoum State,Sudan

Background: Dental caries in preschool children remains a major dental public health problem and affects significant numbers of children in developed and developing countries. The incidence is increasing in developing countries, such as Sudan, because of lifestyle changes, absence of oral health-preventive services and inadequate access to oral health care. Objectives: This study assessed the prevalence of dental caries and toothbrushing habits among 3- to 5-year-old preschool children in Khartoum State, Sudan, and described the correlation between the mean decayed, missing and filled tooth (dmft) score for primary teeth with toothbrushing and sugar consumption. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 553 preschool children with their mothers/guardians, selected by random sampling from the kindergartens of the seven localities of Khartoum State, Sudan. Data were obtained through clinical examination using a modified World Health Organization (WHO) examination data-capture sheet and through structured administered interviews with mothers/guardians. Results: The prevalence of dental caries was 52.4%, with a mean dmft score of 2.3. There was an increase in the dmft scores with increasing age. The frequency of children who brushed their teeth regularly at least once a day was high (83.4%), lower dmft scores were associated with starting toothbrushing earlier in life and with increased frequency of brushing per day. Eating sugar-containing food was significantly associated with dmft score. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries was found to be high among 3- to 5-year-old preschool children, and caries experience increased with age. This was mostly associated with sugar consumption and therefore calls for educational interventions to control sugar intake. The toothbrushing habit is well established in Khartoum State, Sudan, as a large number of children were found to be brushing their teeth regularly. No significant association was found between feeding habits and dmft score.Key words: Dental caries, preschool children, dmft, toothbrushing     

2015—2020年河南省儿童第一恒磨牙健康状况调查

目的 了解河南省6～9岁儿童第一恒磨牙萌出、患龋及窝沟封闭等情况。方法 对中国儿童口腔疾病综合干预项目信息管理系统中2015—2020年河南省口腔健康检查数据进行分析。结果 河南486 865名儿童中,6～9岁儿童4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率为73.44%,患龋率30.35%,龋均(0.67±1.18)颗,龋补充填比4.45%,窝沟封闭率2.36%。2015—2020年,6、7、8岁儿童4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率都呈下降趋势(χ_趋²分别为385.793、964.142、71.964,P<0.05),而6～9岁儿童患龋率、龋均、龋补充填比及窝沟封闭率均呈上升趋势(χ_趋²/F_趋分别为1 115.87、1 270.53、1 215.02、763.48,均P<0.05)。4颗第一恒磨牙均完全萌出率郊县(75.41%)高于城市(71.90%)(χ²=756.44,P<0.05),而患龋率、龋均、龋补充填比及窝沟封闭率城市(34.23%、0.76±1....