经椎弓根内固定手术治疗退行性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨经腰椎后路矫形植骨内固定术治疗退行性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄症(DLSS)的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年6月至2012年6月本院收治19例退行性腰椎侧凸并椎管狭窄患者的临床资料.所有患者均采用腰椎后路减压、矫形固定、融合手术治疗.采用症状视觉模拟评估表(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分表(ODI)、腰椎冠状位Cobb角对患者治疗前和末次随访时神经功能恢复情况及矫正角度进行评价.结果 全部病例获得随访,随访时间6～31个月,平均13个月.术前患者平均VAS评分(7.14±1.04)分,ODI评分(63.89±11.78)％,末次随访患者平均VAS评分(2.35±0.98)分(与术前比较,P＜0.05),ODI评分(25.54±9.72)％(与术前比较,P＜0.05),Cobb角由术前平均(24.32°±10.52°)矫正至术后平均(10.56°±7.12°),ODI改善优良率为73.68％.随访期间矫正角度无明显丢失及内固定断裂,植骨融合率100％.结论 腰椎后路节段减压植骨内固定是一种治疗退行性腰椎侧凸合并椎管狭窄症的有效方法之一.     

改良Jaslow技术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的临床应用

目的探讨改良Jaslow技术治疗退行性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年3月—2012年6月徐州医学院附属医院骨科手术治疗的14例退行性脊柱侧凸患者的临床资料。患者均实施改良Jaslow技术、椎间孔椎体间融合术以及椎弓根内固定术,以日本矫形外科协会（JOA）下腰痛评分标准、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）以及Cobb角的变化综合评定术后疗效。结果14例患者均顺利完成手术。术后并发脑脊液漏1例,予相应处理后痊愈,无逆行颅内感染发生。所有患者均获随访12～16个月,平均14个月,术后症状、体征得到改善。末次随访Cobb角（3．35°±0．87°）和ODI（10．53±2．00）均较术前（20．37°±5．57°,39．42±8．34）明显降低（t=10．99,t=15．06,P值均〈0．01）,JOA评分为（25．00±1．22）分较术前（11．42±2．40）分明显增高（t=-24．72,P〈0．01）。术后1年,按JOA评分改善率评定疗效：优13例,良1例。复查患者腰椎X线正侧位片,均无内固定松动、移位及断钉;中立位侧位X线检查显示腰椎间隙均达到骨性融合。结论退行性脊柱侧凸手术方式多样,需要根据患者术前检查结果选择手术方案。采用腰后路彻底减压、改良Jaslow技术复位、椎弓根内固定及椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗脊柱侧凸临床疗效满意。     

单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用#br#

目的　探讨单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用,报告5年随访疗效。 方法 　选取47例因脊髓型或神经根型颈椎病行颈椎前路减压+单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器置入术患者。侧位X线片观察椎间高度、颈椎前凸角及植骨融合率;术前及术后进行JOA评分,观察神经功能恢复情况;VAS评分评价患者颈部或肢体疼痛;SF-36健康调查评分观察临床疗效。 结果　术后6个月67个融合节段均获骨性融合。椎间隙高度术前为（4.47±0.86）mm,末次随访为（7.41±0.72）mm。颈椎前凸角术前为（0.7±4.1）°,末次随访为（5.9±3.6）°。随访56~96个月,所有患者未出现严重手术并发症,神经功能有明显恢复。JOA评分由术前（9.15 ±0.22）分增至末次随访（14.89±0.16）分,VAS评分由术前（5.24±1.44）分减至末次随访（0.35±0.49）分。JOA及VAS评分术前较术后各次随访具有统计学差异（P<0.05),但术后各次随访之间无统计学差异（P>0.05）。SF-36健康调查评分6个维度,术前及术后评分均具有统计学差异（P<0.05）。 结论　单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器能使融合节段获得即刻稳定性,有效恢复和维持椎间隙高度,植骨融合率高,中远期疗效好,适用于多种需前路减压的颈椎退变性疾病。     

应用PEEK材料cage颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的：观察分析应用PEEK材料椎间融合器颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效.方法：应用PEEK材料椎间融合器颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病39例83节段,其中单节段6例,双节段22例,三节段11例.手术前后应用JOA评分评定手术效果.结果：术后随访36.1（10～50）个月,JOA评分术前为平均（8.9±1.4）分,术后末次随访时为（14.3±2.4）分,平均改善率为（66.3%±5.4%）,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.01）,优良率为76.9%.颈椎生理曲度、融合节段高度均恢复,以三节段者为佳.椎间融合率术后6、12个月分别为89.7%、100%.无并发症发生.结论：应用PEEK材料椎间融合器颈前路减压椎间融合术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效可靠,能够提高和维持颈椎曲度和融合节段高度.     

单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用

目的探讨单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器在颈椎前路减压融合术中的应用,报告5年随访疗效。方法选取47例因脊髓型或神经根型颈椎病行颈椎前路减压+单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器置入术患者。侧位X线片观察椎间高度、颈椎前凸角及植骨融合率;术前及术后进行JOA评分,观察神经功能恢复情况;VAS评分评价患者颈部或肢体疼痛;SF-36健康调查评分观察临床疗效。结果术后6个月67个融合节段均获骨性融合。椎间隙高度术前为(4.47±0.86)mm,末次随访为(7.41±0.72)mm。颈椎前凸角术前为(0.7±4.1)°,末次随访为(5.9±3.6)°。随访56～96个月,所有患者未出现严重手术并发症,神经功能有明显恢复。JOA评分由术前(9.15±0.22)分增至末次随访(14.89±0.16)分,VAS评分由术前(5.24±1.44)分减至末次随访(0.35±0.49)分。JOA及VAS评分术前较术后各次随访具有统计学差异(P0.05),但术后各次随访之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。SF-36健康调查评分6个维度,术前及术后评分均具有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论单嵌片自稳型颈椎融合器能使融合节段获得即刻稳定性,有效恢复和维持椎间隙高度,植骨融合率高,中远期疗效好,适用于多种需前路减压的颈椎退变性疾病。     

经椎弓根截骨联合头尾骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉固定治疗陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折伴后凸畸形

目的观察后路短缩截骨联合椎弓根螺钉头尾侧骨水泥强化固定治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发的陈旧性胸腰椎后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法选择2010年1月～2016年6月以来本院采用后路截骨矫形手术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发陈旧性胸腰椎后凸畸形患者12例。其中,男2例,女10例;年龄59～72岁,平均66.3岁。采用后路经后凸顶点短缩截骨闭合矫形术。观察手术前后的后凸Cobb角、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、脊柱矢状位平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)改善距离的变化。通过独立人员严格随访,记录术前及末次随访JOA评分、VAS评分和Oswestry功能障碍评分(ODI),记录手术前后的Frankel分级系统分级情况。结果手术前后凸角度平均38.9°±6.2°,腰椎前凸角平均35.9°±5.8°,脊柱SVA平均(62.4±11.1)mm。随访时间平均29个月,末次随访后凸角度平均11.7°±5.7°,平均改善率69.92%;腰椎前凸角平均25.7°±10.5°,平均改善率28.41%;脊柱SVA平均(14.6±10.5)mm,平均改善率81.25%。术前12例神经损害患者Frankel分级为10例D级、2例C级,术后提高至10例E级、2例D级。腰痛VAS评分由术前平均7.8分降至术后平均2.1分、JOA评分由术前平均为13.6分增加到术后21.2分、ODI评分由术前平均为54.8%降至术后的30.1%,相比术前差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论后路截骨联合椎弓根螺钉头尾侧骨水泥强化固定治疗陈旧性骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折继发胸腰椎后凸畸形,明显改善后凸畸形,能有效恢复脊柱矢状位平衡,神经功能明显改善。     

经皮穿刺椎间孔镜下应用TESSYS技术治疗 腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的 评估经皮穿刺椎间孔镜下采用TESSYS技术治疗椎间盘突出的短期临床疗效。方法 选择2017年1月~8月宁夏回族自治区第三人民医院采用椎间孔镜系统治疗腰椎间盘突出症62例,观察患者年龄、病程、手术时间、术后引流量、术后恢复情况,比较手术前后患者VAS、ODI、JOA评分。结果 62例患者手术顺利,无转为开放手术病例。平均手术时间（74.84±18.74）min,平均住院时间（8.52±1.52）d;随访3~6个月,术前、术后及末次随访时VAS评分分别为（8.20±1.14）分、（2.01±0.86）分和（1.13±0.64）分;JOA评分分别为（10.13±2.56）分、（22.57±1.69）分和（23.72±1.27）分;ODI评分分别为（40.46±5.55）分、（11.97±2.52）分和（9.13±1.48）分。术后3个月及末次随访时与术前比较,统计学意义显著（P＜0.01）。改良Macnab标准评价临床效果优56例,良5例,可1例。MacNab标准优良率达到98.39%。术后髓核残留1例,发生率为1.61%,术后复发3例,发生率为4.84%,术后神经根性痛觉过敏10例,发生率为16.13%,术后脑脊液漏患者2例,发生率为3.23%。59例患者末次随访时症状均无复发。结论 通过椎间孔镜下手术操作后,术后VAS、ODI、JOA与术前比较均显著改善,术中出血量较的传统手术有明显下降,微创手术缩短下地时间,降低了术后并发症的发生率,提高了患者的功能恢复的质量。     

成人退变性脊柱侧凸长、短节段融合内固定术后中期疗效的分析

目的 探讨成人退变性脊柱侧凸(DS)后路减压长、短节段融合内固定术后中期临床效果。方法 回顾性分析黄山市人民医院脊柱外科2012年1月—2016年12月接受后路减压长、短节段融合内固定术的成人DS患者46例。根据融合节段长短不同分为两组:长节段组26例,男9例、女17例,年龄46～78岁;短节段20例,男7例、女13例,年龄50～76岁。比较两组患者年龄、性别、融合节段数、减压节段数、手术时间、出血量、术后住院时间;根据影像学资料比较两组手术前、术后1年及末次随访时腰椎侧凸Cobb's角、腰椎前凸角及脊柱平衡改善情况,评价矫形效果;结合腰腿痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、腰椎日本骨科协会(JOA)评分与Oswestry 功能障碍指数(ODI),评价两组患者手术前后生活质量改善情况。结果 46例患者随访1.5~3.3年,平均2.2年。两组患者年龄、性别、减压节段数比较差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。两组患者在融合节段、出血量、手术时间和住院时间差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。两组患者Cobb's角、腰椎前凸角的术前、术后1年、末次随访差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),术后1年、末次随访的Cobb's角、腰椎前凸角、冠状面平衡、矢状面平衡均较术前得到明显改善(P值均＜0.05);长节段组的冠状面、矢状面平衡术前均优于短节段组(P值均＜0.05),术后1年及末次随访差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。两组腰痛、腿痛VAS、腰椎JOA评分、ODI评分术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),术后1年、末次随访中长节段组较短节段组均明显改善(P值均＜0.05)。结论 采用长节段融合内固定术治疗DS较短节段融合内固定术可获得更好的中期临床疗效。     

经Wiltse入路置入Dynesys系统治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的探讨经Wiltse入路置入Dynesys系统治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的手术效果。方法 2010年9月~2012年10月,采用Wiltse入路行椎板开窗减压+Dynesys动态内固定系统治疗单节段退变性腰椎管狭窄共14例,男9例,女5例;年龄32~65岁,平均46.9岁;治疗节段L4/56例,L5/S18例。以术前、末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分(ODI)评估术后疗效。同时拍摄腰椎正侧位、过伸过屈位X线片,测量手术节段活动度(Range of motion,ROM)作为影像学研究指标。结果随访12~24个月,平均17.6个月。术前VAS评分(6.7±0.9),末次随访为(2.1±0.7);术前ODI评分(51.4±9.6),术后末次随访为(11.1±4.1);术后VAS、ODI评分明显改善,术前与末次随访的VAS、ODI评分差异有统计学意义(0.05)。手术节段活动度术前为(9.1±2.4)°,术后末次随访时为(5.1±1.2)°,术前与末次随访时相比差异均有统计学意义(0.05)。结论 Wiltse入路行椎板切除减压+Dynesys动态内固定系统治疗单节段退变性腰椎管狭窄保留了腰椎生理曲度和固定节段的活动度,减少对椎旁肌的损伤,临床疗效满意。     

小切口后路单纯Cage融合治疗慢性腰痛的疗效分析

目的 探讨小切口单纯椎间融合器(Cage)后路椎间融合治疗慢性腰痛的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院2008年6月～2010年3月收治的10例伴腰椎终板信号改变(Modic改变)的慢性腰痛患者,采用小切口经后路单纯Cage椎间融合治疗,评价比较术前、术后初期的椎间隙高度,术前和末次随访时椎间隙高度、JOA、ODI值.结果 术后随访3～42个月,平均27.9个月,椎间隙高度术前、术后初期、末次随访时分别为(4.9±0.7)mm、(8.0±0.5)mm和(7.8±0.6)mm,术后初期明显增加(P＜0.01),末次随访时未见明显降低(P＞0.05),JOA值术前(17.0±2.7),末次随访时(22.4±3.7),ODI值术前(35.2±10.2),末次随访时(18.2±11.3),JOA值、ODI值改善均有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 小切口后路单纯Cage椎间融合手术对于慢性腰痛是一种可供选择的手术方法.     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system

This paper reviews the lifetime contributions of the author to the field of sleep-wakefulness (S-W), reinterprets results of the early studies, and suggests new conclusions and perspectives. Long-term cats with mesencephalic transection show behavioral/polygraphic rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), including the typical oculo-pupillary behavior, even when the section is performed in kittens prior to S-W maturation. REMS can be induced as a reflex. Typical non-rapid eye movement S (NREMS) is absent and full W/arousal is present only after a precollicular section. The isolated forebrain (IF) rostral to the transection exhibits all features of W/arousal and NREMS [with electroencephalographic (EEG) spindles and delta waves], arousal to olfactory stimuli, and including the appropriate oculo-pupillary behaviors. These features also mature normally after neonatal transection. REMS is absent from the IF. After deprivation there is NREMS pressure and rebound in the IF, but the decerebrate cat only shows pressure for REMS. Most IF reactions to pharmacologic agents are within expectations, except for the tolerance/withdrawal effects of long-term morphine use which are absent. In contrast, these effects are supported by the brainstem (i.e. seen in the decerebrate cat). In cats with ablation of the telencephalon, or diencephalic cats, delta waves are absent in the thalamus. EEG thalamic spindle waves are seen triggering S for only 4-5 days after ablation. Therefore, true NREMS is absent in chronic diencephalic cats although pre- and postsomniac behaviors persist. These animals are hyperactive and show a pronounced, permanent insomnia; however, a low dose of barbiturate triggers a dramatic REMS/atypical NREMS rebound. Cats without the thalamus (athalamic cats), initially show a dissociation between behavioral hyperactivity/insomnia and the neocortical EEG, which for 15-20 days exhibits only delta and slower oscillations. Fast, low-voltage W rhythms appear later on, first during REMS, but spindle waves and S postures are absent from the start, such that these cats also display only atypical NREMS. Athalamic cats also show barbiturate-sensitive insomnia. Cats with ablation of the frontal cortices or the caudate nuclei remain permanently hyperactive. They also show a mild, but significant hyposomnia, which is permanent in afrontal cats, but lasts for about a month in acaudates. The polygraphic/behavioral features of their S-W states remain normal. We conclude and propose that: (a) the control of the S-W system is highly complex and distributed, but is organized hierarchically in a well-defined rostro-caudal manner; the rostral-most or highest level (telencephalon), is the most functionally complex/adaptative and regulates the lower levels; the diencephalic/basal forebrain, or middle level, has a pivotal role in inducing switching between S and W and in coordinating the lowest (brainstem) and highest levels; (b) W can occur independently in both the forebrain and brainstem, but true NREMS- and REMS-generating mechanisms exist exclusively in the forebrain and brainstem, respectively; (c) forebrain and brainstem S-W processes can operate independently from each other and are preprogrammed at birth; this helps understanding normal and abnormal polygraphic/behavioral dissociations in humans and normal dissociations/splitting in aquatic mammals; (d) NREMS homeostasis is present in the IF, but only REMS pressure after deprivation persists in the decerebrate cat; (e) the thalamus engages in both NREMS and W; (f) insomnia in diencephalic cats is the result of an imbalance between antagonistic W- and S-promoting cellular groups in the ventral brain (normally modulated by the telencephalon); (g) the EEG waves, which are signature for each S-W state, appear to truly drive the concomitant behaviors, e.g. a hypothetical human IF could alternate between behavioral NREMS and W/arousal/awareness; (h) a role for REMS is to keep the individual sleeping at the end of the self-limiting NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephaling NREMS periods. The need for accelerating research on telencephalic S-W processes and downstream control of the lower S-W system levels is emphasized.     

The development of the ligament of the head of the femur

The hip joints of 30 human male and female fetuses and stillborns between 20 mm and 350 mm crown-rump length were studied by light microscopy. The ligament of the head of the femur developed in situ as a condensation of mesenchyme at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life (IUL), and was vascularized by branches of acetabular vessels early in the fourth month. In the majority of fetuses older than 5.5 months IUL, vessels in the ligament passed a short way into the femoral head within cartilage canals, to supply a small region around the fovea capitis. The remainder of the head was supplied by vessels in canals from around the upper part of the neck. The ligament changed from predominantly cellular to fibrous during the last 4 months of IUL. This increase in strength suggested significant mechanical functions in utero: limitation of adduction-flexion and opposition to postero-superior dislocation were the most likely.     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Involvement of the striatum in the central regulation of the hormonal functions of the gonads

Studies reported here show that intrastriatal administration of corticoliberin to rats decreases the blood testosterone level. However, in conditions of chemical deficiency of dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, the effect of this neurohormone did not appear. It is concluded that extrahypothalamic corticoliberin is involved in regulating the hormonal reproductive system acting via dopaminergic mechanisms. Translated from Rossiiskii Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 85, No. 4, pp. 594–597, April, 1999.     

Ultrastructure of the endothelium of the drainage system of the eye

The endothelium of the ocular drainage system (Schlemm’s canal, collector tubules, and aqueous veins) in primary juvenile glaucoma undergoes degenerative dystrophic changes with compensatory hypertrophy and proliferation at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process and atrophy and desquamation at advanced and terminal stages. Progressive decrease in the pinocytous function of endotheliocytes, reduction of the protein-synthesizing and mitochondrial compartments of the cytoplasm, and formation of autophagosomes reflect the process of endotheliocyte degeneration in general. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 145, No. 5, pp. 574–577, May, 2008