双吻合器法直肠癌根治术吻合口瘘3例

我院于2000年1月～2007年12月间取适宜病例行双吻合器法根治直肠癌72例,其中发生吻合口瘘3例。1材料与方法1.1一般资料本组72例,其中男性59例,女性13例,年龄38～80岁,平均56.3岁;发病时间1个月～2年,肿瘤下缘距齿状线4.5～     

吻合口减张法预防低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘

 【摘要】　目的　对照研究双吻合器联合双侧减张法在预防低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘的效果。方法　将2008年1月至2010年6月河南省肿瘤医院普外科214例行直肠癌低位前切除患者随机分为双吻合器联合双侧减张组105例和单纯双吻合器吻合组109例,对比研究两组吻合口瘘的发生率。结果　双吻合器联合双侧减张组发生吻合口瘘1例,单纯双吻合器吻合组发生8例,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2＝5.415,P＝0.02）。结论　双吻合器吻合是安全而有效的手术方法,联合吻合口双侧减张法可进一步降低术后吻合口瘘的发生。     

直肠癌低位前切除术双吻合器致吻合口瘘原因分析及预防

为研究直肠癌低位前切除术中双吻合器致吻合口瘘的原因，并探讨其预防方法，3年中共应用双吻合器实施直肠癌低位前切除术70例，对发生吻合口瘘者进行分析和总结。结果示，发生吻合口瘘4例，发生率为5.71％(4／70)。初步研究结果提示，直肠癌低位前切除术双吻合器吻合安全可靠。吻合口瘘的发生原因主要是术中止血不彻底及吻合操作不规范所致。     

直肠癌低位前切除术双吻合器致吻合口瘘原因分析及预防

为研究直肠癌低位前切除术中双吻合器致吻合口瘘的原因,并探讨其预防方法,3年中共应用双吻合器实施直肠癌低位前切除术70例,对发生吻合口瘘者进行分析和总结。结果示,发生吻合口瘘4例,发生率为571%(4/70)。初步研究结果提示,直肠癌低位前切除术双吻合器吻合安全可靠。吻合口瘘的发生原因主要是术中止血不彻底及吻合操作不规范所致。     

腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术后吻合口瘘的危险因素与对策

目的：吻合口瘘为直肠癌保肛手术后严重的并发症之一,增加和患者的痛苦和经济负担。腹腔镜直肠癌根治术已经发展为主流术式,因此研究此术式下吻合口瘘的危险因素显得尤为重要。本研究探讨腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术后发生吻合口瘘的危险因素及吻合口瘘的防治办法,以期提高腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术的综合效果,降低吻合口瘘的发生率。方法回顾性分析2010-01-01—2015-06-30北京大学第九临床医学院行腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术160例患者的临床资料,总结患者性别、年龄、伴有糖尿病、体质量指数、肿瘤最大直径、术前血红蛋白、术前血白蛋白、病理结果、术中出血量、手术时间、离断血管水平、预防性造口、手术方式、肿瘤下极距齿状线距离和新辅助放化疗的情况,统计吻合口瘘的发生情况,并进行单因素和 Logistic 多因素回归分析。分析吻合口瘘的相关危险因素及处理措施和效果。结果吻合口瘘发生率为8．75％（14／160）。单因素分析显示,腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术后发生吻合口瘘组与未发生瘘组在患者体质量指数（χ2＝4．974,P ＝0．026）、术前白蛋白水平（χ2＝5．749,P ＝0．016）、超低位保肛（χ2＝8．270,P ＝0．004）、手术方式（χ2＝10．27,P ＝0．001）和新辅助放化疗（χ2＝7．540,P ＝0．006）方面,差异有统计学意义。Logistic 多因素回归分析结果显示,体质量指数（OR＝22．156）、吻合口距齿状线距离（OR＝9．742）、手术方式（OR＝6．161）和新辅助放化疗（OR＝19．045）是腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术后发生吻合口瘘的独立危险因子。经采取充分引流、静脉使用生长抑素、双套管冲洗及回肠或横结肠造口等方法进行处理后,吻合口瘘均痊愈。结论体质量指数、吻合口距齿状线距离、手术方式和新辅助放化疗等是腹腔镜直肠癌保肛手术后发生吻合口瘘的独立危险因子。对伴有独立危险因子病例采取预防性造口,可以降低非计划二次手术的概率,减轻瘘的程度,缩短瘘的愈合时间。围手术期采取适当措施,可有效降低吻合口瘘的发生率。     

腹腔镜中低位直肠癌根治术经肛吻合口加固预防吻合口瘘

目的:探讨腹腔镜中低位直肠癌根治术(Dixon)经肛加固吻合口对预防直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的可行性。方法:收集2019年08月至2022年05月我院普外科行腹腔镜中低位直肠癌根治手术(Dixon)患者共127例。根据指南,中低位直肠癌为肿瘤下缘距离肛门10 cm以内,根据吻合口加固方式不同分为三组:经肛连续缝合组(n=43);经肛间断缝合组(n=42);对照组（未经肛门缝合组）(n=42)。对患者一般资料、手术时间、术中出血量、肛门首次排气时间、进流食时间、术后住院时间、吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、切口感染、肛周疼痛进行比较。结果:三组患者一般资料比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),与对照组比较,经肛连续缝合组和经肛间断缝合组在手术时间、术中出血量、进流食时间、术后肛门排气时间、切口感染、肛周疼痛无统计学差异(P>0.05),而吻合口瘘方面,连续缝合组为4.65%,间断缝合组为4.76%,对照组为16.67%,三组间比较虽无统计学差异（P=0.079）,但提示经肛缝合可降低吻合口瘘的发病,术后住院时间,间断缝合组为(8.17±1.52)d,连续缝合组为(8.15±1.69)d,对照组为(12.13±1.57)d,有统计学差异(P=0.035),经肛连续缝合组和经肛间断缝合组间比较术后住院时间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。C级吻合口瘘对照组例数为3例,多于经肛缝合组1例。结论:腹腔镜中低位直肠癌根治手术经肛连续吻合口加固和经肛间断吻合口加固能降低术后吻合口瘘,技术操作简单,并缩短住院时间,可以临床推广应用。     

双吻合器在直肠癌保肛手术中的实用价值

目的：探讨双吻合器在直肠癌保肛手术中的实用性和安全性。方法：回顾性分析1997年1月－2000年12月应用双吻合器进行直肠癌保肛手术60例，结果；全组手术过程顺利，术后发生吻合口瘘1例，吻合口出血1例，无吻合口狭窄，切口感染5例，术后粘连性肠梗阻2例，结论：应用双吻合器进行直肠癌的保肛手术是安全可行的。     

双吻合器在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的：探讨双吻合器在直肠癌保肛手术中的应用价值。方法：回顾性分析我院外科自１９９７年１月至１９９９年６月收治的３５例采用双吻合器行直肠癌保肛手术的病例。结果：全组吻合满意,切缘无癌残留,术后吻合口出血１例,直肠－阴道瘘１例,粘连性肠梗阻２例,切口感染４例,无吻合口狭窄。结论：双吻合的应用明显提高低位直肠癌保肛手术成功率,同时也是一种安全可靠的手术方式。     

双吻合器技术在83例直肠癌保肛手术中的应用

目的评估双吻合器吻合法在直肠癌保肛手术应用中的安全性。方法回顾总结5年中采用该技术行直肠癌手术83例。结果所有患者吻合器切除圈完整。吻合口瘘3例,肿瘤距肛缘小于6.5cm时,吻合口瘘发生率增高。结论双吻合器吻合法可作为低位直肠癌保肛手术的一种安全可靠的术式选择。     

三腔管在低位直肠癌保肛术后吻合口瘘防治中的应用

随着低位直肠癌保肛手术疗效逐渐被临床所公认和肯定 ,学者们研究出了多种保肛手术方法。作为低位直肠癌保肛手术后最常见并发症之一的吻合口瘘 ,临床效果仍不尽人意。自 1996年 10月以来 ,作者应用三腔管经肛门置入肠腔作为对 19例低位直肠癌保肛手术后吻合口瘘的防治方法 ,取得了一定效果现总结如下。1　临床资料本组男性 7例 ,女性 12例。肿瘤下缘距肛缘均在 8cm以下。其中行低位前切除 5例 ,经肛门翻出、超低位前切除 8例 ,经骶前径路直肠癌局部扩大切除 5例 ,经括约肌吻合 1例。在术后发生吻合口瘘的 8例患者中 ,除骶前常规置管引流外 …     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口瘘的影响因素分析

目的对全直肠系膜切除术(TME)后发生吻合口瘘的影响因素进行分析并据此提出相应的预防措施,为TME后患者预后提供参考。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2013年5月间接受TME治疗的461例患者病例资料,分析影响吻合口瘘发生的因素,包括年龄、性别、病理类型、术前是否合并肠梗阻、是否合并糖尿病、肿瘤肛缘距离、手术时长、有无淋巴结转移、Dukes分期、吻合方式等。结果 461例患者中,32例患者(6.9%)发生吻合口瘘,吻合口瘘的发生与术前合并肠梗阻、病理类型、肿瘤肛缘距离和手术时长相关(P<0.05);与年龄、性别、是否合并糖尿病、有无淋巴结转移、Dukes分期、吻合方式等因素无关(P>0.05)。32例发生吻合口瘘的患者中,24例经过保守治疗后痊愈,7例行横结肠造口后治愈,1例死亡。结论病理类型、术前合并肠梗阻、肿瘤肛缘距离和手术时长等因素是吻合口瘘发生的危险因素,这对临床预测及预防吻合口瘘的发生具有指导价值。     

A preoperative prediction model for anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection based on 13.175 patients

IntroductionThis study aims to develop a robust preoperative prediction model for anastomotic leakage (AL) after surgical resection for rectal cancer, based on established risk factors and with the power of a large prospective nation-wide population-based study cohort.Materials and methodsA development cohort was formed by using the DCRA (Dutch ColoRectal Audit), a mandatory population-based repository of all patients who undergo colorectal cancer resection in the Netherlands. Patients aged 18 years or older were included who underwent surgical resection for rectal cancer with primary anastomosis (with or without deviating ileostomy) between 2011 and 2019. Anastomotic leakage was defined as clinically relevant leakage requiring reintervention. Multivariable logistic regression was used to build a prediction model and cross-validation was used to validate the model.ResultsA total of 13.175 patients were included for analysis. AL was diagnosed in 1319 patients (10%). A deviating stoma was constructed in 6853 patients (52%). The following variables were identified as significant risk factors and included in the prediction model: gender, age, BMI, ASA classification, neo-adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy, cT stage, distance of the tumor from anal verge, and deviating ileostomy. The model had a concordance-index of 0.664, which remained 0.658 after cross-validation. In addition, a nomogram was developed.ConclusionThe present study generated a discriminative prediction model based on preoperatively available variables. The proposed score can be used for patient counselling and risk-stratification before undergoing rectal resection for cancer.     

Factors predicting successful resolution and long-term outcomes of benign anastomotic strictures following rectal cancer surgery

AimAlthough advances in treatment have improved sphincter-preservation rates in rectal cancer, the incidence of benign anastomotic strictures has also increased. This retrospective single-institution study sought to determine the incidence of benign anastomotic strictures and the factors associated with their successful resolution following treatment.MethodologyFrom January 2010 to December 2019, consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic dilatation and/or surgery for benign anastomotic strictures developing after radical sphincter-sparing resections for rectal cancer were evaluated. To model the relationship between outcomes and potential independent variables, sequential univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using binary logistic regression.ResultsOf 2069 rectal cancer patients undergoing sphincter-preserving surgery, benign anastomotic strictures were identified in 110 (5.3%). Mean age was 48.2 ± 13.98 years; 73.6% were male. Distal tumor-extent was within 6 cm of the anal verge in 60%; 80.9% patients received neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical approach in 71.8% was open, 74.5% being anterior or low anterior resections and 70.9% of anastomoses stapled. Covering stoma was performed in 91.8%. On follow-up, strictures of median length 4 cm were identified at median 3 cm from the anal verge. Endoscopic dilatation was offered in 89.1%, whereas 9.1% required redo-surgery. Overall, 49.1% experienced sustained stricture-resolution with dilatation and 45.4% required re-intervention. At last follow-up, 72.7% were stoma-free. On multivariate analysis, good performance status, absence of anastomotic leak, and short-segment strictures predicted successful stricture-resolution.ConclusionEndoscopic dilatation is an effective first-line therapy, with redo anastomosis used to salvage those failing conservative measures. Adverse performance status, anastomotic leak and greater stricture length may predict detrimental outcomes in terms of stricture resolution.     

Improved diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery

Aim

This study aimed at testing feasibility of a standardised postoperative surveillance protocol to reduce delay in the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage (AL) and, subsequently, mortality.

Material and methods

Patient files of patients operated between 1996 and 1999 were reviewed and used as historical controls (n = 1066). As a result, a protocol for standardised post-operative surveillance was designed using easily accessible, clinical parameters. Between August 2004 and August 2006, all operated patients with a colorectal anastomosis (n = 223) were prospectively subjected to this standardised surveillance.

Results

AL was diagnosed in 7.0% of patients in the historical control group and 9.4% of patients in the standardised surveillance group. AL mortality decreased from 39% to 24% with standardised surveillance (n.s.). The delay in AL diagnosis was significantly reduced during standardised surveillance (4 versus 1.5 days, p = 0.01), which was confirmed in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

With non-standardised postoperative monitoring, AL was associated with a high mortality rate. Patients were subjected to several additional tests, which were not primarily useful to diagnose AL. Standardised postoperative surveillance for AL was introduced successfully and resulted in a shorter delay between the first signs and symptoms to the confirmation of AL.     

A trinity technique for prevention of low rectal anastomotic leakage in the robotic era

BackgroundAnastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication of low anterior resection (LAR) for rectal cancer, and effectiveprevention is urgently needed. In the robotic era, this study aimed to explore the role of innovative techniques in preventing AL in rectal cancer patients undergoing robotic LAR.MethodsFrom May 2012 to May 2017, a total of 601 patients underwent robotic LAR, with 191 patients participated as control subjects (non-PST group) and 410 patients are subjected to a trinity technique (PST group). The AL rate, short-term and long-term outcomes are analyzed and compared.ResultsThe overall rate of AL was 6.8% out of 601 patients, with Grade B at 5.7% and Grade C at 1.1%, using the ISREC grading system. The PST group presented lower incidence of both overall AL (5.1% vs 10.5%, P = 0.015) and major AL (0.2% vs 3.2%, P = 0.005), when compared with the non-PST group, respectively. Furthermore, the PST group had similar surgical complications (17.3% vs 20.9%, P = 0.286), while with lower re-hospitalization rate (2.7% vs 6.3%, P = 0.038) and reoperation rate (0.2% vs 4.2%, P = 0.001), compared with the non-PST group, respectively. Short-term recovery and long-term oncological outcomes were not significant in the two groups. By multivariate logistic regression models, the risk factors of AL of robotic LAR are confirmed as non-PST technique, estimated blood loss ≥100 mL, anastomosis from anal verge <5 cm, and distal resection margin from tumor <2 cm.ConclusionsThe innovative PST technique may shed light on an effective method for preventing occurrence of AL in robotic LAR.     

用于机器人中低位直肠癌术后预防吻合口漏的一项新技术研究

目的:吻合口漏(anastomotic leakage,AL)是低位直肠癌保肛术后的严重并发症,亟需确切有效的预防措施.本研究旨在评估机器人低位直肠癌前切除术(low anterior resection,LAR)联合创新技术预防AL的临床价值.方法:选取2012年5月至2017年5月,于复旦大学附属中山医院接受机器人...     

中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值早期预测直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的价值

目的探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)在早期预测直肠癌术后吻合口瘘中的临床价值。方法收集2014年1月至2017年12月就诊于郑州大学附属肿瘤医院普外科、行直肠癌根治术的787例患者的临床资料。患者于术后第1、3、5天分别检测血常规,记录白细胞计数(WBC),计算NLR。分析术后第1、3、5天NLR与吻合口瘘的关系,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并计算曲线下面积(AUC),评价术后NLR预测吻合口瘘的准确率。结果术后第1、3、5天,吻合口瘘患者的平均WBC分别为13.2×10^9/L、9.1×10^9/L和8.9×10^9/L,吻合口愈合患者的平均WBC分别为12.9×10^9/L、9.0×10^9/L和8.8×10^9/L,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后第1天,吻合口瘘和吻合口愈合患者的平均NLR分别为13.3和11.6,差异无统计学意义(P=0.364);吻合口瘘患者术后第3、5天的平均NLR分别为10.9和7.6,吻合口愈合患者术后第3、5天的平均NLR分别为9.3和5.3,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线显示,术后第3天NLR截点值为8.6时,预测直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的灵敏度为73.2%,特异度为75.6%,AUC为0.744。术后第5天NLR截点值为5.5时,预测直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的灵敏度为69.6%,特异度为75.5%,AUC为0.726。多因素分析显示,术后第3天NLR为预测直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的独立因素。结论术后第3天NLR可以较为准确地预测直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的发生,有助于早期发现吻合口瘘,减少吻合口瘘导致的并发症。     

Meta-analysis of the risk for anastomotic leakage,the postoperative mortality caused by leakage in relation to the overall postoperative mortality

Background

Availability of anastomotic leakage rates and mortality rates following anastomotic leakage is essential when informing patients with rectal cancer preoperatively. We performed a meta-analysis of studies describing anastomotic leakage and the subsequent postoperative mortality in relation to the overall postoperative mortality after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.

Methods

A systematic search was performed of the published literature. Data on the definition and incidence rate of AL, postoperative mortality caused by AL, and overall postoperative mortality were extracted. Data were pooled and a meta-analysis was performed.

Results

Twenty-two studies with 10,343 patients in total were analyzed. Meta-analysis of the data showed an average AL rate of 9%, postoperative mortality caused by leakage of 0.7% and overall postoperative mortality of 2%. The studies showed variation in incidence, definition and measurement of all outcomes.

Conclusion

We found a considerable overall AL rate and a large contribution of AL to the overall postoperative mortality. The variability of definitions and measurement of AL, postoperative mortality caused by leakage and overall postoperative mortality may hinder providing reliable risk information. Large-scale audit programs may provide accurate and valid risk information which can be used for preoperative decision making.